JOURNAL OF LITERARY THOUGHTS
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:10

Folktales of a country present how its people think as well as their cultural and social values. So, it is by studying these tales as a cultural legacy, from different Approaches, that we can vividly decide about that culture's old values and counter-values. In great number of Iranian folk tales, one of the main motifs is characterizing a hero who struggles for some great goal and it is the same goal that defines the tale genre. Some tales like Darab name and amirarsalan in which the major goal is joining the beloved can be classified as romances and some other, presenting religious/social and political struggles such as saamk ayar, eskandar name, hosein kord shabestari are defined as ayari tales.In these tales, the interesting point is the significance of the hero's different distinguishing characteristics and personalities. In other words, the heroes' personalities and their ethical bonds can identify the values and counter values of their age. To illustrate this, the present study investigates the above-mentioned tales and their defining heroes.

Where ever there is history, myths are encircling it. One of the most important centers of the myth's presence is religious stories and narrations. The precious Bal'amian history book which narrates religious stories is also full of stories surrounded by these so called myths.There are various mythical ideas in bal'amian history amongst which the following article shall consider those which are about plants.We shall consider plants in the following articel because they play a significant role in bal'amian history in different stories with different ideas due to their charactristic of absorbing myths which is because of various reasons.The following article tries to show that the Bal'amian history book is more of an important mythical source than a historical source through comparing and analysing the stories of the bal'amian history.

In lingual communication, we come in contact with sentences and phrases which have several different understanding. Sometimes, a word in a sentence causes several different understanding. It is said equivoque.Sometimes a metonymic sentence causes several different understanding. But sometimes we confront with sentences which are not contained in equivoque or metonymy. Some of literary men suppose it, inexperience in compilation, and some of them suppose it, beauty of eloquence.In this essay, it has been discussed about the origins of creation of these sentences and it has been concluded that: syntax and grammatical transformations affect these sentences, and if it is created intentionally, it increases beauty of eloquence.

Based on Shahname’s narration, Zahhak, myth of mere evil and his narration that is the most phenomenal and the most enrichment narration of epopee. This is description of victory and dominance of negritude and cruelty over luminosity and justice that longed thousands of years.In Zahhak narration exist punctilio that is concordance both with view poins of psychologist and great interpreters like Froeid, Young, Ibn Sirin. and with symbolic world and Iran’s mythical.This narration is of narration that is rich of these mythical reasons in Avesta. The writer of this article, while specifying symbols in this narration, try to criticize them from the view points of mythology and psychoanalysis, and where as these two kinds of criticism link in a manner, It is considered to concept like to tem, taboo and unconscious.

It seems that almost all sciences are common in some case, showing showing their convergence obviously. In this case, convergence of human sciences is considerably felt due to the unity of subject, that’s the human identity, compared to other sciences, and the convergence of myth and theosophy naturally deserves deep thinking in this case.Through precision in the origin of evolution and development of concepts of myth, in one hand, and the development of theosophical issues, on the other hand, we may find out that these two intellectual movements of human have had the common aspects from the past, less paid attention to.The aspects such as symbolic and metaphorical language, semantic interaction, religionism, modernism, esistemology, and also other fields being out of this article, all indicate the close relationship and extensive convergence of such two intellectual fields to each other.Author is willing to introduce this convergence clearly by scientific and evident description and analysis. It shall be also noted that “which one of the mentioned aspects may be more effective on generalization of such interaction and convergence?”

Among Nezami’s followers, Amirkhosro-e- Dehlavi is the first who composed Matla- al- Anvar and then Khajo-e-Kermani versified Rozat-al-Anvar. Though theses two ethico –mystical Mathnavi which have been composed, adhering to Makhzan-al-Asrar, have considerable similarities in structure and content, there are some differences in their literary context.In this research, inorder to become much more familiar with these two verses and to know their aesthetical aspects and privileges, their literary features and their differences have been examined and compared, their most important differences in literary structure are as fallows:1) Since khajoo has expressed the similes and meraphores in a different way with a wide scope in his work, varieties and expansion of figures of speech and fanciful visualizations in Rouzat-al-Anvar are more than those of matla-al-Anvar.2) khajo’s innovation and creativity in using spiritual innovation terms especially symmetry ambiguity, paradox, allusion and sequence of adjectives cause the stability and literary context versatility of Rozat Alanvar3) Using allegory or adage in Matla Alanvar make the poems of this verse easier and more pleasant to undrestant.

Images refer to those mental activities created by the domination of the power of imagination in material or spiritual realities. Different and unfamiliar elements are combines in an artistic image due to the fact that poets see the language not capable and able enough to visualize his intuitive perceptions. Therefore, deviating from common lingual norms and transcending the automaticity level, the poet rebuilds the language in a poetic path.Whenever this deviation is patterned, purposeful and illustrative, an artistic abnormalization has taken place then.The change in imagination was one of the aspects of Nima’s literary revolution. Modern poets emphasize the free imagination principle. They dehabitualize items and phenomena with their modern mentality and independent standpoint and they visualize the inner and outer world as they discovered it in their poetic imagination. This issue caused a modern mental image in their poems. The quality of mental image in their poems. The quality of mental image metamorphosis in modern poetry is what we are going to study in this research.

The present article tries to compare and analyses the differences and similarities of Iran’s revolution in 57-1367 and that of France in 1789-1799. The writer seeks to give a brief picture of literary atmosphere of these two countries. This study shows that revolutionary poems have influenced the spirit of Iran’s people more than other kinds of literary works.Moreover, it is stressed that there should be a literary and scientific approach to introduce the features of the literature of revolution to the word’s literature.

Maupassant, a great writer of the nineteenth century, has a pessimistic view about life and human’s nature. There is no doubt that this pessimism originates from the writer’s childhood and adolescence. His parents’ marriage problems, war and politics had negative effects on Maupassant mind. These negative effects later lead to pessimism. His stories and novels indicate that claim, but his novel Bel-Ami shows and proves that point better than others.“Georges Duroy”, the main character of this novel, similar to Maupassant, the writer, is never satisfied with whatever he achieves in the society. He has a critical view on the human relationship. He criticizes the society harshly and similar to Schopenhauer … believes that the life of each of us is a real tragedy. Finally he questions the whole life because he believes that whatever we do, makes us closer to death and despite all we have: love, spouse, friends, job, money, pride, … death is always waiting for us, the death which ends everything.