Journal of Urban Research and Planning
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:26|Papers Count:10

Neighborhoods, as one of the key elements of city management and a symbol of the traditional Islamic city have been considered to date for planners. Urban neighborhoods division has changed from the Islamic period to the contemporary period. Neighborhoods Division in the past has based on social and economic indicators but contemporary neighborhoods divisions based on physical, political and economic indices. The region 1 of Tehran which includes the old deformed villages and new urban neighborhoods that faces with the problems of new neighborhood division such as social segregation, spatial separation within the neighborhood, land clutter and constraint of services. Use descriptive and analytical methods used in the multi-criteria method (TOPSIS) is used to guard neighborhoods studied. The results of TOPSIS reflects the fact that Among the components of Mvrdsnjsh in between neighborhood residents and authorities, social and cultural characteristics have the most important role in border areas Integrating them with indicators of political, administrative and economic framework that will bring more efficiency in border areas. The result of his research after the studying and analysis in neighborhoods divisions changes in region 1 of Tehran municipality especially in Gheytariye and Darake neighborhood is suggested the creation of sub neighborhoods model with observation of social and cultural cohesion. Modulation of social and cultural Indices with administrative and political Indices has more efficiency in neighborhoods divisions. In neighborhoods boundaries is important the consideration of local conditions, emphasizing the natural elements (river valleys and mountains), the common features of cultural inhabitants, the socio-economic characteristics of neighborhoods, common material and spiritual interests, identity signs and consider the public participation in determining the limit of neighborhood

Walkable city is usable for all citizens, but favorable city for physical disability is livable for all citizens of a city. The creation of a favorable city for disabled groups requires to observe the principles and rules that they can play an important role in their easy access and presence in public spaces. While respecting such principles, priorities and basic needs due to disability groups to attend urban spaces can make the enforcement measures with more effectively results. However, recently urban management system has taken to appropriate urban spaces in most large cities in the country that is necessary, evaluating and monitoring such measures feedback from the standpoint of disabled people. Therefore, this study is written aimed to evaluate the response rate of urban spaces to the needs of physical disorders movement. Methodology is analytical and data collection for documentation and field. Collecting data were analyzed by using Spss software and single-sample T-test. The results of this study show that, despite improvements in the perfect place for the physical-motor disability groups yet Current socio-economic conditions isn’t able to meet the needs of persons with disabilities in proper manner. Therefore, the participation of target groups in making appropriate urban spaces, observing the rules of construction by supervising engineers, regulations applicable to local projects etc. can have more effective results in the field of fitting urban spaces for the disabled people.

Public spaces are the most important parts of cities and urban environments. Such spaces contain the whole urban context, people have visual and physical access to; and it is in such spaces which the most part of contact, communication, and interaction among humans occur. Parks and urban green spaces are of most important elements of these collections which always play an active role in the city and citizens' health and must be accessible to all people in the community. Therefore, this article mainly aims at studying factors affecting the rate of Shiraz city citizens' access to these important urban spaces. This research tries to study the rate of access to urban parks from citizens' point of view. For this purpose, factors affecting such access have been specified and studied with respect to researches performed in this field and via questionnaire distribution respectively. According to the importance of the spatial distribution and access to parks, what matters is that the analysis of access to the parks give two important recommendations for the policy makers and the urban planners; First, the planners and policy makers should not only increase the number of district parks, but also the spatial distribution pattern should be improved, thereby increasing the availability of parks among residents must be provided. Second, they need more time to analyze the characteristics of individuals (inhabitants) particularly socio- economic status, age, gender, employment status and etc. and then in order to create economic equity and social justice, they should promote the availability of different socio- economic classes.

Large cities in the urban Systems are quite important so that most of these cities, provincial Capitals and on the conditions of its own had more growth than other urban areas. Such growth Often unplanned and unbridled, Imposed heavy costs for cities and threatens the urban Sustainability Forecasting methods, today, do not use for future developments, but Depending on what happens in the future, Futures Studies methods could identify affecting Factors on probable Futures and control them to achieve their desired future. In this research, Futures study Software used for analyzing of physical growth, which aims, is identify the Factors and Forces affecting the growth of the big city of Orumiyeh. The research method is descriptive – analytic. Using the Environmental scanning technique, data collected and by 30 experts in urban planning with using cross-impact matrix scoring and with MIC MAC software has analyzed. The results show that Based on the Holdren Model, 64 percent city growth because of population growth and despite the enough Space, 34 percent Orumiyeh city growth due to the Sprawl. From 31 selected Indicators using Environmental Scanning Techniques that were influential on the development of Orumiyeh, 9 factors, Due to the high rating of the direct and indirect influence, selected as key factors. Among these factors, the most Influential Key Factor in the physical growth of the city of Orumiyeh, lack of monitoring of construction and natural population growth, Inequality in the distribution of Services, And on the next level tendency to the Suburbs are important.

City is the dense human habitat that because of human presence needs to safety and security in n all aspects of physical, social, economic, cultural and others. The geographical location of Marvdasht in such a way is that the risk of earthquakes threatens the city both in terms of topography and geology of the earth's interior. Internal fault homes in Marvdasht and its surroundings, experience of these faults, return period of earthquakes and SEISMIC hazard zonation in the old texture, extent, type and amount of burnout, and high possibility of destruction is the most important threats for this city. Materials and Methods in this research is descriptive / analytical and it is practical based on the goal. The instrument used in this study is questionnaire, observation and interviews with residents and use of books and articles. In this study, by pay attention to special circumstances old texture of Marvdasht and after survey and previous research studies it were defined 9 structural indicators such as structures genus, dating and quality of buildings, wide thoroughfares, population density, distance from the fire, outdoor access and proximity to medical centers and it considered for each criteria, some sub-criteria and then to develop and distribute 30 questionnaires were discussed between the experts town and after that weighted and prioritized criteria by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and software (Expert choict).And finally the Vulnerability maps worn tissue of Marvdasht provide by using geographic information system (GIS). The results show that between the studied indixes, construction quality index with a weight of 0.328 has the highest final weight and distance from fire-weighted index of 0.017, has the least final weight and by pay attention to the final map of vulnerability can be seen that distribution areas with high vulnerability about 32% of the area of tissue is taken, 31% of the tissue affected is average and the area of tissue is allocated to little affected areas.

This article aims to examine Iran’s urbanization routes, spatial patterns and its changes over time. Research method is analytical and statistical basis is the results of population and housing censuses for the recent 7 times. In this article, we analyzed the temporal and spatial urbanization in Iran over the past 55 years, and also by analyzing elements such as population growth, migration and economic development, we identified the spatial pattern of the country's urbanization development process. Based on our forecast of population and rate of urbanization for 2026, the country’s population will be approximately 89.9 million and the urbanization rate will be as high as 80.4%. Other results can be enumerated as follows; reduce workers employed in agriculture in favor of the service sector over the past 55 years, the changing pattern of migration from rural to urban migration patterns from city to city, from late 1961 to 1991 has dominated previous pattern. Also the migration in interprovince, urban areas of Tehran province, accounted for most immigrants and reverse migration (from cities to villages) is also growing. Regarding to the failure of Growth pole theory and separately plotted plans such as comprehensive urban plan and rural guidance plan and by considering the direct relation between agriculture, villages and small cities, we suggest that special strategies entitled “Complex urban plan” for strategic development of urbanization should be considered.

Progressive enhancement and growth of population urbanized cities in the country, pay attention to how to control the spread of cities and taking steps in the direction of sustainable development in order to create a healthy city is essential. Humidity of the city ecosystem functions in recent years with the rapid increase in the population has faced that this would cause the city to expand and fitted up for peripheral environment. Therefore, the purpose of the necessity of paying attention to its future growth as well as the formulation of a suitable program, to develop suitable fitted the city is magnificent. In this study, has been trying to identify it with the influential factors and evaluation of optimum ways of physical development, the city of humidity using SWOT model. At this stage the development of the city, according to the index of the physical development of natural and synthetic evaluated for index. Methods of data collection and analysis of information and preparation of analytical-descriptive map needed more and using a soft-ARC GIS. derived from this research suggests that the lands located on the East and Southeast, the land for the town as well as within the context of the Bayer have academic centers, is considered the best of the physical development of the city's strengths can be fitted. Severe shortage of green space in the city, the user is not an appropriate system of networking for the city, did not focus on vertical construction compared to most of the population in the town centre and the lack of urban sewage system at the level of the entire city of the weaknesses.

Rapid urbanization in Iran and the increasing use of private vehicles has been limited public space for the pedestrians. Along with the problems arising from the dominance of vehicles in cities, creating "walking cities", have been taken into consideration by theorists and professionals in the field of urban management and planning. Since any planning requires recognition of the problem and the current situation, therefore, it is essential to use of criteria, indicators and the proper scientific methods. The main objective of this study is assessing the status and ranking of urban neighborhoods of Ardabil city in terms of walking city characteristics. This study is a descriptive and analytical in terms of research type and survey method (researcher made form) is used for collecting raw data. In this study, with the use of 64 indicators and five major criteria, 44 neighborhoods of Ardabil city, as a territory of research, have been measured, ranked and analyzed. Using Cochran method, 395 samples were selected as sample size and finally 400 forms have been filled. Cronbach Alpha reliability test results obtained 0.88 that confirms the reliability of the instrument. According to the study objective, the coefficient of variation (CV) and especially VIKOR model in the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used for analyzing and ranking the city neighborhoods. The results also show that the value of the Coefficient of Variation of more than 87 percent of Indicators, are more than 100 and in this regard, indicators distributed heterogeneously. Data analysis and results of VIKOR model also point out that only about 25 percent of the city of Ardabil neighborhoods are including the characteristics of "walking city". To creating walking city, learning for waling, improving urban streets, eliminating the barriers to walking and making link between urban planning and walking, is essential.

Community as one of the tools of urban planning has been raised to overcome the problems of the urban system during the twentieth century and is taken into consideration from different viewpoints. Development at the local level and finding democratic solutions, dedicate an important part of urban planning to itself. Therefore, a deeper understanding of community development, and bridging the gap can understand the planners in m right decisions and prepare appropriate plans to lead urban communities. On the other hand, social networking is a critical issue for human societies, which can has a vital connection with the Community development system. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between social networks with community development in the Fahadan community of Yazd city. The methodology of this research in terms of aim is application - development and in terms of the nature and method is descriptive – analytical. The used tool is a questionnaire that has been analyzed SPSS and Amos software’s. The results show that there is a direct relationship between social networks and the community development, according to research findings, the impact of social networks on community development is 0.70 percent. The Standardized Beta coefficient in components of social participation by a factor of (b=0.172), network quality by a factor of (b=0.111), civic participation by a factor of (b=0.092), also has the largest share in explaining the development of community planning sequentially. Structural equation modeling results show that with the increase of social trust, community development components also increase.