Journal of Urban Research and Planning
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:34 |Papers Count:16

The existence of issues and problems caused by the rapid growth of urbanization in the country and the impossibility of urban community management by existing traditional methods and tools have doubled the need for change in the management method and cities management. This change can be realized using a good urban governance approach. The above-mentioned approach causes the sustainability, life quality and the living desirability in the cities to increase. The purpose of this study was to assess the good urban governance effect on Bushehr City’ s livability. This research was applied in terms of goal and it was descriptive-analytical methodologically. In order to collect the research’ s required data, two survey and document analysis methods were used. The research tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Bushehr City with a population of 223, 504 people, of whom 446 ones were selected as the sample size. Based on the results of documentary studies, the research indicators in the good urban governance section included transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, justice, legality, taking the responsibility, accountability, participation, and consensus-orientation and the urban livability indicators included public education, recreations and leisure (breaks), health and medical cares, personal and social security, affinity and locational belonging, participation and solidarity, consumer goods, employment and income, housing, possibilities and infrastructure services, transportation, pollution, visual quality (landscape) and the quality of the green space, whose relationship was analyzed using the one-sample t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and the multivariate regression. The results showed that the status of good urban governance and livability indices are undesirable in Bushehr City. There was also a weak to moderate relationship between the good urban governance and urban livability indices. Multivariate regression results also indicated the moderate and significant effect of good urban governance indicators on Bushehr City's livability. Among the eight indicators i. e. good urban governance, transparency indicators, justice, taking the responsibility with beta coefficient 0. 607, 0. 593 and 0. 513 had the highest impact on Bushehr City’ s livability respectively.

Today, there are many cities around the world that have been exploited by the dispersed growth of natural resources, open and green spaces. One of the ways to cope with such a disorderly growth in the world is to use the "smart growth" pattern in city development plans. In this regard, in the forthcoming research, the analysis of the physical-spatial parameters of urban smart growth indicators in areas of Babol city and the factors influencing it through eight key indicators of smart growth have been addressed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the physical and spatial analysis and prioritize the seven areas of Babol based on smart growth indices in order to realize the goals of sustainable development. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytic and is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose. Based on the proposed hierarchical model, an ANP paired comparison questionnaire was used to collect the required data to determine the weight of the criteria. The ARAS questionnaire was used to rank the areas based on urban smart growth indices. Statistical sample society is 20 senior managers and senior officials of the municipality of Babol. The results of the research show that area 4 located in the central and old nucleus of the city with a score of 0/198 has the best condition, and area 1 with 0/090 score is the worst situation. Accordingly, in terms of the level of smart growth indicators, one, two (with a score of 118) and a third (with a score of 117) areas are considered as deprived areas that are in the first priority of development and attention Urges by city managers to eliminate deforestation.

Given the fact that the physical development of cities causes them to be confronted with the topographic and geomorphological units around them, and given the dynamics of these units, if the physical development of the city does not take place in the right direction, it will cause the dynamic balance of the environment to be lost and may cause damage. The purpose of this study is to investigate geomorphologic constraints and provide optimal directions for physical development in Damghan. For this purpose, firstly, the study area was determined using satellite images and aerial photographs. In the next step, the conditioning factors in physical development of the city were determined using the literature review and extensive field surveys and were provided in ArcGIS10. 1 environment. In the next step, the factors were weighted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then, using the TOPSIS model, optimum directions were obtained for the physical development of Damghan. According to the results, land use, slopes and geomorphological barriers factors have the most impact on the physical development of the city of Damghan. The results of the research indicated that the western and southwest directions were rated as the most favorable with 0. 886979 and 0. 759. 592 score and south and north directions, with the score of (0, 0373/0) was considered the most unfavorable aspect of the city's physical development. Respectively. In the southern regions, clay and salt slabs and the influx of sandy soils to residential areas and urban equipment, and in the northern regions flood conifers and local floods are the main geomorphology obstacles to urban development, in contrast, the western and southwestern parts of the country were recognized due to proper slope and lithology, lack of geomorphological barriers and lack of agricultural use for physical development of the city. The results of this research can help urban managers and planners in the field of physical development of the city.

Urban development plans are moving forward not only towards humanity issues but also effective ways of modeling the components of sustainable development. In the meantime, achieving the goals of the plans can reflect the scale of success, realism and humanity of the plans. Among these, one of the major goals of urban development plans is the provision of basic services and human and urban infrastructure for the full development of human settlements. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is to explain the factors affecting the realization of service land use in the city of Shiraz and identify its causes. The main objective of this paper is to explain the factors affecting the feasibility of service use in the city of Shiraz and identify its causes. In order to achieve the above goal, the present research seeks to answer this question; what are the main factors affecting the realization of urban development projects (case study: Shiraz)? This research is a kind of exploratory research that has first examined concepts related to realization and land use employing library-document resources. Then, factors affecting the realization of service land use in Shiraz city have been identified by completing a questionnaire based on criteria and indicators of theoretical literature distributed among 185 senior urban managers and experts as well as faculty members of the university and using the TOPSIS model and statistical methods. The results of the research show that the factor of appropriate legal framework has the greatest impact on the realization of urban development plans. Criteria of land ownership, stakeholder participation, financial and administrative capabilities of municipalities, appointment of experienced consultants, the role of urban management in providing land, and private sector investment have the least effect on the realization of plans.

Today’ s global perspective of reducing damages has changed to increase resistance to disasters and taking steps towards building cities more resilient. Therefore, it is necessary to consider resilience as an integral part of community decision making. The present study has descriptive-analytical method and expansion – applied nature. Urban resilience indicators were investigated and prioritized in the region one of Tabriz metropolitan on the base of geographic information system, so this study has used quantitative and statistical methods such as multiple regression, structural equations and fuzzy multivariate analysis. Data were collected by using documentary studies and field surveys at household level, and according to Cochran formula the sample size was estimated to be 382 households. A total of 59 urban resilience indicators were evaluated and categorized in four economic, social, environmental and physical Latent indicators category. Using factor loadings tests, observed indicators were ranked and summarized according to the importance and effectiveness levels in the LISREL software and the fuzzy logic model in the form of GIS was used to prepare the map of influencing indicators. The results of the research indicated that all parts of the region of Tabriz metropolitan area have not the same resilience, so that northern neighborhoods are in the low level due to the above mentioned components, central neighborhoods are in the middle level and the southern and southeast neighborhoods are in a resilience higher level. On the other hand, among the indicators of the resilience, with respect to the degree of importance, it can be said that the economic index with 46. 2%, the social index with 30. 1%, the environmental index with 19. 7%, and finally the physical index with the value of 4 percent, has explained the resilience of the whole study region. These results indicate the importance of the economic dimension in relation to other dimensions of resilience. Finally, strengthening the influencing indicators based on their priorities was emphasized by offering a number of recommendations.

Today, presence in urban spaces has led to prevalence of physical, mental and social diseases. The close relationship between physical activities and the surrounding urban environment has led the researcher to promote walking in order to improve the health of citizens from the point of view of environment and landscape design. Meanwhile, the role of urban parks as spaces to promote individuals’ social and physical activities is important. The main goal of this study is analyzing the relationship between the urban landscape connectivity (ULC), as a new concept in urban landscape architecture literature and the individuals’ willingness to walk in urban parks. A mixed method of research was used in this study, in which in the first phase, qualitative method was used to select case studies and priority concepts of ULC influencing walking. In the next phase, quantitative research methods were used to quantify ULC and walking. At the end of the comparison and analysis of the results, the relationship between the two variables was determined. The findings of the research showed that Janet Park with an average of 12. 66 has the highest ULC, and Chamran park, with an average of 12. 05, had the lowest ULC. Moreover, Janet Park, with an average of 14, 625 pedestrians in counting, has the highest walkability and Chamran Park with an average of 8, 324 people had the least amount of walking. The results showed that the highest level of walking was observed in parks with the highest ULC in Shiraz. Among the components of ULC, socio-cultural connectivity and functional connectivity played more important roles in increasing people's willingness to walk.

In recent years، changes of urban land use are increasing due to factors such as population growth، economic benefits and the requirements of society and so on. Due to the increasing demand for limited land and urban citizens and organization goods، lands in one of the most important components of enrichment has become the one hand، the historic city of Isfahan has been immune from this situation. The current study is an applied study that is based on the capita of Isfahan city comprehensive and detailed plans and capita of cities in five climate groups in which Isfahan is located. It has attempted to investigate the land use changes in the city of Isfahan، especially the 3rd urban Zone. The methodology has been a combination of descriptive، analytical and field methods. Research findings show that based on the studies on the current situation in Isfahan considering the detailed plan of 25/1155 hectares of land area، three urban land use 7/96 percent occupancy limitations، and the remaining 3. 3 percent belongs to non-urban areas. Land use separation of Isfahan urban area shows that the service levels and communication standards with regard to urban development is less than required and the residential areas too، the occupation of land limitations and compatibility between them does not exist. In this study urban land development index has been calculated 8. 13 percent that shows the top physical development of Isfahan 3rd urban Zone.

Every year, thousands of incidents occur in urban sewer networks. Spatial analysis of these events using the proper techniques for reducing damages caused by them, is necessary. The purpose of this research is spatial analysis of the events of the urban sewage network. The study area of this study is Ardabil city consisting of 44 neighborhoods. The data of this study included 722 events in the Ardabil city sewage network. These statistics were recorded in the second half of 2016. In this study, spatial statistical techniques such as Kernel density, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and the distribution pattern of "Ripley's K-Function", are used for data analysis. The findings show that the most sewage events occurred in the central neighborhoods, informal settlements and the Old textures of the city. Spatial distribution pattern of sewage events, is the cluster type. The sewage events density, intensity is higher in under construction and old neighborhoods and there is a significant relationship between population density and building construction activities, urban texture, quality of streets with the number of events but this relationship with ground slope is meaningless. In conclusion, old, overcrowded and under construction neighborhoods, faced with the most events and damages. Modeling spatial relationships also show that, old and deteriorated areas of the city faced with the highest risk of events in the sewage network. At the end, based on research findings, recommendations for improvement of networks and prevention of events in the sewage network are presented.

The phenomenon of increasing urbanization in recent years has brought about complicated problems and obstacles in various fields، especially in citizens’ security almost everywhere. The feeling of security as one of the most important human needs seems to be the main factor of sustainability of urban spaces، particularly urban streets. Introducing Space Syntax Theory and considering “ factor of permeability” as the concept of "spatial configuration" has provided opportunity for doing extensive researches in this field as well as representing different ways of configuration impact on various aspects of security. Based on hypothesis ahead this article studies the influence of configuration pattern of neighborhoods on the psychological dimension of security. Configuration is effective on increasing the feeling of security in neighborhoods by increasing the ability of comfortable moving and flow of the pedestrian traffic and the possibility of surveillance on the environment by residents at the local network. To test the hypothesis، the relations between topological features and the degree of paths’ security were studied in two neighborhoods of Karaj City. After analyzing the configuration features of neighborhoods in "Depth Map" software، safe and unsafe paths of both neighborhoods were identified by residents and analyzing the degrees of their security were conducted in "SPSS" by the Cluster Analysis Technique. Then the meaningful relations were analyzed between topological features and the degrees of paths’ security. On this basis، the paths with the high average of depth are more insecure، due to low level of using by pedestrians. Intensive flow of moving and the better surveillance by people in the paths with low average of depth، is the main factor of increasing the degree of the security. Lack of integration in spatial configuration pattern of neighborhoods makes them generally more insecure for the residents in local scale.

The pavements are an indispensable part of the cities. What we face today as the pavement is rife with the inattention to both physical and mental type of presence and movement of the pedestrians. The value of the city originates from the presence of pedestrians and people living in the city. Finding the criteria through which we can improve the capacity for presence has converted into one of the basic priorities of the urban practitioners and theorists and it has been set as the goal to achieve concerning the pedestrian path in the axis of Farrokhi Street of the city of Yazd. The research method of the present research is analytical-descriptive and it is applied in terms of purpose. In the present paper the library، documental and field (observation) study methods have been employed to collect information. In the present paper، the pavement of axis of Farrokhi Street in the city of Yazd has been investigated based on the description and analysis of the environmental conditions in different systems of urban design. The status of the site was determined using SWOT analysis and the aggressive strategies according with the site were taken into consideration. The criteria to redesign the pavement result from the theoretical studies and three alternatives have been proposed considering these criteria. Finally، the alternatives were obtained with the scores 0. 38، 0. 20 and 1. 37 respectively using the Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) where the third alternative with the final score 1. 37 was selected as the best alternative. The results of the research suggest that there are some factors in the study scope such as inappropriate furniture and weak flooring، all-inclusiveness، inappropriate lighting at night etc. that are involved and effective in the capacity for the presence of the people

So many studies have been carried out on urban public spaces. At the heart of all issues، the presence in urban space has been introduced as an important factor in the success of a public urban space. So many environmental and individual components affect people’ s presence in urban spaces. Among the factors affecting people’ s presence in urban spaces، two components of people’ s happiness and religious orientation are affected by the individual’ s vision and worldview. The relationship between these two components has been analyzed in this study. This study used a survey methodology and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (QHI) and Allport’ s Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) (as a data collection tool). The statistical population of this research consists of all citizens of Mashhad City using public spaces of this city. Regarding the uncertainty of the number of statistical population and based on Cochran's formula (d= 0. 09)، 120 subjects were selected from the statistical population as sample group. Meanwhile، the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire was confirmed using Content Validity and Cronbach's Alpha (0. 76). Given the normal distribution of data، Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the data and explain the two-way relationship between happiness and religious orientation. The study results showed a positive two-way relationship between happiness and variables of external religious orientation (p<0. 01، r=0. 332) and internal religious orientation (P<0. 01، r=0. 467). That is، in urban public spaces and among users of this kind of spaces، the citizen’ s happiness increases with an increase of external and internal religious orientation and vice versa. Moreover، according to the results and based on happiness and religious orientation components، urban design strategies affecting the increase of the citizens’ presence in various urban public spaces are presented in this research.

In developing countries, the high tendency for concentration of population in urban areas and consequently the rapid and uneven growth of cities have led urban designers and planners to use appropriate policies and strategies to avoid environmental and socio-economic damaging effects on the order Work. In this regard, spatial and temporal information related to growth rate patterns provides a better understanding of the urban growth process and provides appropriate tools for obtaining management and planning policies for urban managers. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to calculate the probability of growth change in Mashhad using logistic regression and artificial neural network. For this purpose, satellite images of Landsat 7 (2002) and Landsat 8 (2015) were used to provide land-use mapping. Then, using multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP), the classification of images was made and urban land use maps with a total accuracy of 948/0 and a Kappa index of 936 for 2002 as well as a general accuracy of 8177 and a Kappa index of 775 / 0 were extracted for 2015. Finally, with the implementation of logistic regression between urban land use map 2015 (as dependent variable) and effective factors such as physical factors and human factors along with 2002 map of lands (as independent variables), the potential map of urban land development was prepared. The evaluation of the regression model generated by two Pseudo-R2 and ROC indicators showed that this model has a ROC value of 0. 87 and Pseudo-R2 of 345/0 has a high ability to show changes and determine areas prone to change, and fit The model is considered fairly well.

Nature and green spaces are factors that convert a space to a place with specifications sensory and special behavioral for inhabitants. This sense has beenan important factor for the formation of a sense of belonging to a place and will eventually lead to the creation of high quality environments. Attention to urban green spaces and local gardens is done with the goal of providing minimum green space required cities; But the main problem is that despite the impact of these spaces on the sense of residence of the inhabitants، their quality and effects are not explained; Therefore، investigating the role of nature in the direction of strengthening the sense of belonging to the place in Urban communities appears very essential and important. Accordingly، the present study has been conducted on the role of nature on the sense of belonging to the place in residential complexes like Ekbatan of Tehran، Pardisan of Qom، Zeytun of Isfahan and Mehregan of Qazvin. The research method is descriptive-analytic and correlation. In addition، analysis was based on 360 completed questionnaires filled by the residents of these four residential complexes. After loading and weighing the factors of nature measurement and the place of belonging by calculating the chi-square value at a significant level (P <0. 05)، the results with Lisrel and SPSS software showed a significant and positive correlation between the two the nature and sense of belonging variables in the samples. The coefficient of influence of Nature on residents' place of residence was obtained in Ekbatan (0. 87)، Pardisan (0. 42)، Zeytun (0. 91) and Mehregan (0. 37). Also، due to the fact that the RMSEA value in residential complexes is (0. 054)، (0. 042)، (0. 061) and (0. 040) respectively، the relationship between nature and location affinities has been confirmed.

Religion of Islam is considered a comprehensive religion in all fields whose purpose is the happiness of mankind and guiding him towards perfection. The school of Islam is a religion that links human material issues with spiritualties and has never separated these two categories from each other. Quran is the most important source for the inference of judgments, and the judgments of the new issues are inferred by using generalities and references of the verses, and the relevant hadiths mentioned some examples of them, and not allocated and limited them. In this article, by referring to the Qur'an and narratives, the manifestation of the principle of "no determinet and detrimental act" as the most important principle of rights in urban and residential architecture has been investigated. The research method used in this study is a qualitative content analysis method, and the analysis of the buildings has been done using rational reasoning method. In the collection of information, historical documents and texts, library and Internet resources have been used. In this paper, samples of traditional homes and textures have been selected by targeted sampling method to investigate the legal principles such as no determinet and detrimental act in Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning. The results indicate that this principle as the most important principle related to the rights has affected all aspects of the Iranian-Islamic home architecture. These influences are derived from the concept of Islamic law, including neighboring rights, women's rights, the rights of parents and children, rights of guest and the right of construction in the architecture of buildings. Other principles, such as the issue of privacy and publicity, and the confidentiality of respect for other people, such as neighbors and pedestrians, considering the rights of pre-emption, respect for the rights of neighbors in the use of public resources such as water, sunlight, etc., considering cleaning and not to harm neighbors and others in terms of visual, audio and. . . all are principles that are necessary in Islamic jurisprudence, and all these issues are considered in the Iranian-Islamic homes and cities.

Cities affect the rural areas around them. This can be reflected in various environmental، social، economic and physical aspects. One of the major implications of urbanization is the acceleration of spatial expansion of cities and the integration of villages and their peripheral lands. Urban sprawl and their uneven physical growth have led to the digestion of villages and their peripheral lands، the transformation of land abandonment and the degradation of environmental resources. This situation has worsened in metropolitan areas. Therefore، this research investigates the digestion process of the peri-urban villages in Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical، and data collection method is documentary and field method. The purpose of this study was to determine the digestive process of villages around Tehran، using remote sensing and geographic information systems. The research data includes Landsat satellite images of four periods of 1984-1994-2004 and 2014، analyzed and classified by ArcGIS and ENVI software. The results of the research indicate that many of the villages are digested in Tehran's physical texture. In the period from 1984 to 1994، a total of 16 villages were integrated into urban fabric.، but by 2014، this number has increased to 100 villages. This urban growth trend reflects the rapid and growing growth of Tehran's population، and reveals the intensity of construction in the past thirty-year period.

architectural design as core subject in architectural undergraduate curriculum are both a reflection of students cognitive abilities about other subjects in the field as well as their application skills, and their ability to design in general. Hence the success of this course involves having a meta-cognitive skills that prepare the students to apply his/her own skills in the pursuit of their professional life. Meta-cognition is considered as awareness, active monitoring, organizing cognitive processes, and control learning of areas, including problem solving. Architectural design education is a problem-centered process. Therefore purpose of this study was investigates the role of meta-cognitive skills enhancement in improving the understanding and reinforcement of students architectural skills from process and design concept. For this purpose, the process of writing and critique of designing themselves and others have been used as tools for fostering the meta-cognitive power of individuals. From the past researchers point of view, the ability to write about design by linking two areas of design and writing thinking increases the ability of the students to control their learning processes. The present study was conducted on a group of 30 students of design studio 5(Design Bio complexes), including a test and control group, and the target group was asked to design and review the process and critique of design and others, and the control group their own design process. The results of this study indicate that the process has a positive effect on the three meta-cognitive strategies of planning, monitoring, and evaluation; also, teaching meta-cognitive strategies to the test group had a significant positive effect on their academic performance.