Geography and Environmental Sustainability
Year:2012 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

In cold and transition seasons, a surface trough is forms over the Red Sea which can affect its neighbor regions. At the closest distance, the Red Sea is about 1500 km distant from Iran, which in synoptic scale is not too distant. Regarding the direction of large scale atmospheric streams, this trough can have some influences over Iran’s climate. In this research the impact of Red Sea Trough on the heavy precipitations of Iran was studied. The analysis of surface level maps indicated that out of 30 cases of heavy precipitations of Iran in the rank order (mean precipitation), 17 cases are related to the Red Sea Trough. Geopotential height maps in the middle level of atmosphere also show the simultaneous existence of middle trough at the time of precipitations in Iran with the Red Sea Trough. Three cases of these precipitations were analyzed. Moisture flux convergence maps at the time of the three heavy precipitations indicate the transmission of humidity from Arabian Sea toward Red Sea. Then this humidity through the impact of upward motions affected by middle level trough over Red Sea ascends and flows towards the eastern regions of this sea including Iran and, consequently, causes heavy precipitations. These heavy precipitations affect mostly south and south western s regions of Iran.

The region of Sistan is one of the windy areas in the east of Iran. This study examines the wind vector parameters in Sistan. To do this, the data regarding daily, monthly and yearly wind speed and direction parameters of the dust in Zabol synoptic weather station (2008-1999) have been used. In order to analyze the route of dust storms Five most severe days were chosen. Spatial coverage of the data was about northern 5 to 55 and eastern 10 to 100. The results show that during that period Sistan’s dust storms emanate from two active circulating systems. On the one hand, the system of the Caspian Sea in the North West region of Sistan due to its distribution moves the air from the center to the surrounding areas. On the other hand, a low system located in the South East of Sistan’s region intakes the air from around. Since this system has been located in East and Southeast of Sistan, in the north-south movement of air from high-altitude site located on the Caspian Sea to the northwest and it change to southeast-Northwest current.

In this research, temporal and spatial behavior of precipitation on the central and south western areas of Iran was studied at 114 synoptic, climatology and rain gauge stations, which had a statistic more than 10 years, in a period from 1329/10/11 to 1383/10/11. At first a 19724×114 matrix was obtained. Then, for each day in solar calendar, the mean daily precipitation calculated. In order to calculate precipitation for the area under study, digital maps with a spatial resolution of 14×14 Km daily maps have been calculated using Kriging method and, consequently, a new 366×3720 matrix was obtained. After that, an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis has been carried out on this matrix. The results of cluster analysis on Euclidean distance of this matrix based on Ward linkage method showed that according to the amount and time of received precipitation, four different precipitation regions were detected in the study area. These regions include super rainy, semi super rainy, super weak, and weak regions.

Climatic factors are the most important variables among effective factors in agricultural production, which cost us too much to control. The main objective of this study is to investigate climatic factors in determining suitable locations for new orchards (case study Walnut). According to Walnut compatibility patterns, non-suitable areas were removed and suitable areas were selected. This method is called step by step elimination and the advantages of this method are reducing the cost and time. In this study incompatibility of each parameter results in the destruction of the plant and barrenness of the region, so at first step, According to F.A.O classification elevation and slope were determined, as the two main factors, and digital data of them were analyzed, hereby non-potential areas were removed. Then, all the other effective factors like climate, chilling requirements, wind speed, and relative humidity were studied in the suitable and selected areas. Finally, according to land use map, suitable locations were suggested, and furthermore precipitation factor was evaluated in suitable location to determine irrigation needs too. The result showed that, the area about 630094.2 hectares of Tehran province can be planted by Walnut, which is shown in the final map. Due to high economic value of this product in agricultural export, it is recommended that Walnut orchards development should be considered in 4th program.

Thermal stress is an important bioclimatic characteristic of the southern coast of Iran. This phenomenon which occurs due to the simultaneous increase in daily humid and temperature disrupts The body's normal activities and causes us considerable discomfort. The main injuries of thermal stress are muscle cramp, heat-stroke and fatigue. The current study, using heat index, aims to determine the impacts of temperature and humid on human discomfort. For this purpose, daily data regarding meteorological parameters were obtained from 14 stations in southern coast of Iran during the (1994-2008) period. The results which were prepared in the form of statistical analysis, suggest that different levels of heat intensity influences the climate of Southern coasts throughout the year, But intensity indices are maximized in August. Among the selected stations, Deylam port was recognized as sultriest station. The intensity of heat stress in the stations that located in the Persian Gulf coast was assessed generally greater than the coasts of the Oman Sea.

Landforms have high potential in the attraction of geotourism. The relation between landforms and civilization, ancient monuments, historical, cultural as well as sport issues has doubled the capabilities of landforms in the geotourism. Saymarreh region thanks to landforms like Saymarreh Landslide has a high potential in establishing geomorphosites and consequently absorbing the geotourism. The purpose of this study is to assess the capacity of landforms of saymarreh region in attracting the geotourism using the Pralong model. In order to achieve this goal, the Landsat7 ETM 2002 satellite image, topographic maps, geologic maps, digital maps of DEM SRTM 10 meters and ArcGis software have been used as research tools. In this study, firstly geomorphologic landforms with high capability to attract tourism, antiquities and historical monuments, the athletic capabilities of geotourism, accessibility and infrastructures in the region as research variables were examined. Then, we determine scientific, educational and public values of the landforms and identification paper were prepared for recording characteristics of landforms. After that, based on the Pralog model we assessed the geotourism capabilities of the landforms. The research results show that Saymarreh Landslide in average productivity value with a score (0.68) and Sarab e Darehshahr with a score (0.65) has a high potential in the field of geotourism. The Landforms of region, due to high capability in the education of earth science and characteristics such as beauty and being historical, archaeological, cultural and sport attractions, have a high potential in the field of tourism. The main factor of the non-development of geotourism of the region is the lack of infrastructure and appropriate advertisement for it.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) aid rural societies to encounter problems and difficulties intelligently and confront wisely with changes in economy, society and other fields. Some of the preconditions for the expansion of these technologies in rural areas are are enriching and improving the villagers living status, and, most importantly, considering the necessary substructures of ICTs. In the other hand, it is necessary to select the supreme village with suitable equipments for the substructures to present the better and useful services. For this purpose, the TOPSIS and Geographical Information System (GIS) methods are used in this thesis to select the supreme village in which each rural center is studied due to the following factors: the distance from Zabol, bank, postal, communication services, and information technologies. The six TOPSIS steps were done for each case and then the rural ICTs centers were prioritized. The outcomes of the research show that Lotfollah has an undesirable condition (0≤0.178≤1), but Teymor Abad has a pleasing condition (0≤0.991≤1). Local data gathered from the villages were saved in GIS, and then the required layer was established to prioritize the village and finally select the supreme rural center.