JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES OF ISLAM
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:7

Islamic Historiography is normally focused on political subjects. The problem of power is the main axis of such political historiography. Since the main aim of the Islamic historiography is lessoning from the past, thus, rereading the rise and fall of the rules can help to identify the development of power in Islamic Historiography.We believe the rereading of ancient history of Iran by Moslem historiographers can be understood through the concept of Iran Shari's Political Wisdom. Although such concepts is usually used by many Moslem historiographers, but, it has been most significant at Masoudi’s literary works and this paper is going to answer to such questions.In this paper‚ it has been tried, based on hermeneutics approach, to examine the Masoudi's understanding of Islamic Civilization by taking into account the concept of lessoning from history. The result of such critical investigation in Masoudi’s historiography of Iranian ancient history shows that his historiography originated from Iranshari's Political Wisdom and Persian Kings Justice which Anoshirvan practically is the symbol of such justice.

Rusians’ greeds in Caucasus and encroaching upon it and its confrontation with Qajar Iranian elites’ policy to revive Iran’s historical frontiers in the area‚ caused starting Iran- Rusia’s wars first period. Iranian rulers being ill - informed of international policy‚ military infirmity and the English interference‚ led to Goledtan Agreement and separation a large part of Iranian - Shiite’s areas from Iran territory. But Qajar Govermment‚ specially dignitaries and Abbasmirza in Tabriz Court considered themselves the loser and beign deceived in Golestan Agreement‚ started their diplomatic efforts to take missed lands back. Diplomatic defeat in the way‚ caused Qajars turn to military endeavours by backing of the clerics’ crusading (jihadi) idea‚ to take the lost areas back.In this article‚ we‚ in an analytical - historical method, try to explanate the causes and reasons of starting Iran - Rusia’s second period wars in 1241 A.H. The wars started‚ because the Qajars‚ specially Abbasmirza‚ tried to take missed‚ areas on the basis of Golestan Agreement‚ back. Therefore‚ fath - ali Shah and Abbasmirza tried to ontain the Iranian elites’ and common people’s fiscal - military supporting‚ by inviting the clergy to Iran and receiving them a crusade religious edict (fatwa) and their direct interfering in the wars and by their commanding give legitimacy to the wars against Rusians

The eastern part of Sistan was not been conquered simultaneous the Arab dominance on Iran‚ under patronage of Zumbils‚ and the natives resisted against Muslims’s armies attacks. But‚ by the mid of 3th century‚ Islamic teachings were penetrated in this area‚ as a preraililng religion.By historical descriptive – analytic method and asking about the little existing data‚ this article seeks to make much clear‚ if possible‚ the process problem of Islam expansion in Zunbil’s dominion. This study shows that‚ although‚ the Zunbils resisted against the Islamic armies‚ but gradually that area was affected by Islamic Culture and teachings in different ways‚ as religious propaganda of Muslim merchants‚ holy Warriors (ghazis) ‚ political socialization‚ above all‚ efforts of the Khawarij there‚ and their final military vim was crushed by Saffarids.

Some of the arguments which have presented as evident rules of Sheykhism School are not comprehensive arguments in all of the Sheykhism view; probably, they just belong to one of the Sheykhism School’s branches, means Kerman branch, because it was the most efficient one as compared with other Sheykhism schools branches. Most of researchers have become Familiar with Sheykhism views just with this branch's works and have gotten its views as original ones, subsequently. In case‚ it is not all of the truth and the teachings like the principle of gnosis to Rokn - e - Rabe, (the Fourth Pillar) ‚ the theory of Nategh - e - Vahed (the Single Talking) and four religious principles, just belongs to Kerman’s branch and these views have not been in the books and ideas of the premier leaders of Sheykhism School (means Sheykh‚ Ahmad Ahsaei and Seyyed Kazem Rashti) ‚nor in other branches of Shekhism schools.The main questions that we try to find suitable answers for them‚ are these questions:1. What is the theory of Nategh - e - vahed in the Kerman branch idea‚ and has been this theory, which based on Haj Mohammad Khan Kermani’s (the founder and explicator of this theory) declared, has been extracting from the principle of Rokn - e - Rabe, in Haj Mohammad Karim Khan Kermani’s view, or not?2. Have the premier leaders of Sheykhism School believed the four religious principles, and have they founded the changes in religious principles of Twelve - Islam Shiite‚ or in this argument, (like the theory of Rokn - e - Rabe, it is related to creative mind of the founder of Kerman’s Sheykhism dynasty, too; and with another foul, the views of Haj Mohammad Karim Khan have been presented instead all of the Sheykhism view.

Letter of advice writing process is one of the most important main grounds of Transferring Iran – Shaharic idea in Iranian Islamic history. Numerous foreign attacks to Iran- Shahar‚ including Muslim Arabs and Mongol offensives‚ and on the other hand‚ Turks’ emigration called for this necessity for Iranian elites provide prelininaries of familiarizing them with the manners of governing and managing the country‚ by moving in Iran – Shaharic ideas and letter of advice writing.This writing tries to have knowledge of the causes and state of continuing the process in Ilkhanid’s period‚ by searching in political letter of advices of the mentioned era. To reach the aim‚ first we speak briefly about the elites’ times and lives to know how has been the Political conditions ruled the period and what political- social ground the process has continued; Then we study their mental principles in Iran – Shahric ideas Frame‚ and finally we are going to find what were the causes of letter of advice writing process in the mentioned period.On the basis of Historical sources and comparative studies‚ it’s evident what the letter of advice writers of the time thought about‚ was strengthening the centralized government theory based on Iran – Shahric ideas for improving conditions and reducing social injuries after a course of destruction and confusion; therefore‚ they try to help the ruler reach to the aim by explanting his necessities.

Salar’s crisis as one of the most important political - social crisis of Qajars’ era‚ is worthy to contemplate in various reasons. This writing has analyzed the subject in a historical method and emphatically on a sociological view to history‚ and has tried to answer the question‚ on the basis of what components is worthy to analyse the Kurdish High -Rankings tribal – political performance‚ in the strategy frame of central state to manage the Salar’s crisis.The most important findings of this research are: 1. Choosing the movement and performance of the Kurdish High - Rankings’ tribal – familial and political in Salar’s crisis in khorasan‚ has been in the way of protecting the country’s territorial integrity and stabilizing the situation of the central state. 2. The maximum using and the vast view of central state in utilizing human and manage mental capacities of society’s various parts‚ including Kurdish High - RanKings’ tribal – familial and political has had an important role in managing Salar’s crisis in Khorasan.

The Crusades started in conditions that unfavorable political‚ social and cultural circumstances together with Sectarian conflicts ruled on Islamic society. The researchers believe continuing these conditions in crusades period and after it‚ Caused long‚ Muslim historians pay on attention to the Crusades with a religious approach.In this research‚ the main question is‚ what was the Muslim historians view to the Crusades? The writers‚ to answer above question‚ by a descriptive – analytical and statistical method on historical data‚ and religious terms and vocabulary used by Muslim historians in the sources of mentioned period‚ emphatically on religious indicators‚ try to show ruled religious view on the Muslim historians’ ideas to the Crusades‚ and its explanatory result it that after conquering Jerusalem‚ Muslim historians surveyed the Crusades events by a religious motive and view‚ and this religious motive was intensified by Muslim historians‚ when generals such as Emadud – Din Zangi‚ Nurud – Din Zangi and Salahud – Din Ayyobi‚ emphatically on crusading side of these wars against Crusaders.