JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES OF ISLAM
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:9|Papers Count:7

Sadat are considered as the most important social groups in the history of Islam. However, the very notion of Siyadat has encountered various changes during different ages. There have been theoretical challenges concerning this concept in the Safavid era. In this research, the conceptual range of Siyadat (Hashemi, Talebi, Alavi) and also the way of relating Siyadat (patronymic, matrilineal) has been investigated in order to achieve an exact definition of the concept of Siyadat.Studies show although we have faced different viewpoints concerning the concept of Siyadat and the way of relating it in the juridical, anecdotal and argumentative sources as well as genealogy in Safavid period, the accurate attention in the historical sources of this age shows that this concept is meant Sadat-e- Fatemi.

The way of transferring or continuation of social life from ancient times to Islamic history is one of the most significant and key topics of Iranian history. One of the important aspects of this process is bilateral relations between Iranians and Arabs, both in form of peaceful interactions and tensions in which urban society played a key role. This is due to the fact that Iranshar (Iranian city) was regarded as centers of political power, decision making institutions and home-based of political, military and administrative officials.This research, based on original historical and geographical sources, studies deployment of Arab political officials in Iran. The paper argues that while this deployment led in forming of a number of new urban habitations, it also brought about decline of some centers in Iranshar realms. Moreover, these developments had an impact on growth of relationships between Iranian and Arab inhabitants in Islamic era.

Establishment of Mongol Empire from China to Eastern Europe and Ilkhanid rule in Iran led to extensive developments in international relations including Iran's foreign relations.New governments such as mongol Khanates and Egypt Mamluks which appeared around Iran caused different transactions against Ilkhanid rule. One of important sides in this scene was Golden Gord (Juchid Ulus) in southern Russia which has rooty territorial dispute with Ilkhanid government because of indefinite frontiers. Also some later developments in Mongol empire like succession rivalries and Juchids' Mohammedanism aggravated enmity between them. As there were some other governments in contact with these two Mongolian part simultaneously, their probably impacts on the Ilkhanid – Golden Hord relations could be a question and if so, another question would be the limits of every third government on this relations.Regarding the above questions, present article try to study the impact of third parts on Ilkhanid – Golden Hord relations through survey in historical sources from different territories engaged in these relations. This study shows that this impact has been serious, although it has not been the same about different "Third Parts”. In one side the impact of Mamluks and then Great Khan was vital and in another side the influence of some governments like Byzantine empire was just temporarily and less.

In the pre-Islamic period, known as Jahillyya (Ignorance Age), reporting of Ayam al- Arab (regular wars of the time) in the framework of oral tradition of transmitting narratives, were presented with exaggeration and exaltation and mixed with poetry, stories, myths and epics. After Islam, narrators continued practically the same trend of reporting war, under the new title of Maghazi and Futuh.This paper studies influence of techniques and approach of narrating wars of the pre-Islamic period on Maghazinarratives. The author by comparing and contrasting of war narratives of these two periods argues that as a result of active role of some poets and narrators of Ayam al-Arab in Maghazi and in report activities, oral tradition of war narrating of pre-Islamic period effected on Maghazi’s reports.

In the course of golden centuries of Islamic civilization great achievements were attained in the fields of geography and cartography, however, not enough attention have been paid to this aspect by Iranian researchers and scholars.The present article studies influence of previous works in Islamic cartography, development of cartography from its birth to deterioration, decadence and its fall. Also the article reviews various methods of Islamic cartography, methods of information and concept recording on maps and finally it analyzes extent of influence of Islamic cartography on Modern cartography.

Historical researches and studies consider Buyid period as the epoch of flourishing of science and development of culture and civilization in Iran. This article investigates the importance of book and library in this period. The article highlights three major factors for development of knowledge in this era. First, providing scientific and welfare facilities for scientists in libraries and colleges by amirs, ministers and rich donators; second, the wide and active presence and interaction of scientists from different religions and nations in the scientific places and libraries; and third, accessibility of all sources in public or private libraries to public and all who were interested in various scientific fields. Also, it is worth mentioning that the possibility of daily use of all these sources was another effective element in accelerating scientific productions.The paper concludes that interest and support of scientific activities and establishment of libraries and colleges by many of officials, scientists and religious scholars of this period led in flourishing and developing of science and expansion of knowledge in this era.

There is a commonly assumption among historians that the dominant emotional approach of narrating Karbala event among Persians originated from Rouzeh al-Shohada in 10th century AH. However, studies show that this approach was used centuries before Rouzeh al-Shohadaby other scholars such asHasan Shi’i Sabzevari in 8th century AH. The presentarticleis a descriptive-analytic of three books: Rahe al-Arvah, Masabih al-Qulub and Behja al-Mabahejby Hasan Ibn Hossein Sabzevari.This study shows that not only the dominant emotional approach to the event goes back tocenturies before 10th century AH, but also this approach was highly accepted by Shi’i of Khurasan in 8 century AH (one of the most importantShi’i centersof the time). Even Sarbedaran, the Shi’i government of 8th century AH (one of these three books was written according to their order) receivedthis approach, as an acceptable way of narrating Karbala event.