SOFT POWER STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:14 |Papers Count:10

Cultural relativity means that all of the cultures are valuable and also refers to the belief based on which the cultures are incomparable, since the conditions in which the cultures are formed are different. Therefore, the culture of no nation is comparable with the culture of other nations. The antithesis of cultural relativity is ethnicity which believes in the superiority of its own culture over the other cultures. The subject of this paper is theoretical clarification and validity testing of cultural relativity in view of the principles of the Islam true religion.The main question of this research is that whether a criterion and standard can be considered for the cultures in terms of the truth and correctness or falsity and incorrectness and also all of the cultures enjoy the same level of valuation or not.Considering the research topic in this study, the research method is followed in a library-based manner and the topic of discussion is examined by the descriptive and analytical method. while clarifying the beliefs of relativists is considered absolute relativism nor absolute ethnicity, but it is right- orientation in Qur'an's view and so absoluteness governs in some affairs and relativity in some others.

Technology development, internet and computer communications and commerce with traversing around has opened a new era of human activities and this undermine the legitimacy of laws is based on geographical boundaries. The new frontier of cyberspace and the real world phenomena have created a great threat in terms of the lack of full implementation of the law is necessary. Using states of the insecure cyber-ground for many of other states to vandalism, sabotage, assassinations, espionage and other crimes have been paved. Action legislation in some countries, depending on the progress in the technology world, the international community also let to think that this mess in cyberspace, though little action in order to soften the space to do this. Published books in recent years have had a dramatic impact on the world’s attention to this issue. The article seeks to answer the key question of what cyber warfare and cyber whether the country can generate destructive acts of aggression and crimes under international government is force, and consequently international responsibility. Find the answers to these questions should be sought in international documents such as the UN Charter, the convention on the law of war and humanitarian law, as well as international on cyber warfare Tallinn regarding cyber war.Although latter guidelines, in terms of criminalization and offer some solution to some extent is a copy of the Convention of humanitarian right, but it is to a large extent comprehensive, but its guided nature is a major obstacle to its entry into force. However, examining it as a matter of international law appliance, the only international source of cyber warfare, does not seem unpleasant.

Power has two layers of hard and soft power. Soft power is the "ability to earn what you want, through attraction rather than coercion or reward." During about seven recent decades of strategic alliance to cut ties and military conflicts has been able to be observed in the case of relations between Iran and America. Accordingly, this descriptive-analatic study sought to evaluate the role and America's soft power in foreign policy from the perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Passive Defense. Based on the findings, review America's relations with Islamic Republic of Iran reflects the fact that in the first decade of the revolution, America had used hard power against Iran, which its obvious examples are economic sanctions, invasion of Tabas and cooperation with Iraq during the war and military confrontation with Iran directly and indirectly. With the defeat of America in the use of hard power against Iran, the country had paid more attention to soft power against Iran. Accordingly, America's policy toward Iran, especially after the September eleven is the mixture of hard and soft indicators which one operates as a context maker, complementary and justifier of another and vice versa. As a result, in the country's defense policy attention to passive defense has a special importance.

Many researchers believe the ability of a country to maintain national security against external threats are individual value and from this perspective one of the very important issues now is the knowledge of the literature of thought and belief of Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Revolution Imam Khomeini (may Allah grant him) and the leader of Islamic Republic of Iran. In order to better understand the scope of National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its principles and objectives. Therefore, given that the emergence of the purposes and principles of national security, the literature of thought and belief of both leaders has been influential factor so requiring deliberation is essential for understanding the impact of this factor.And here we are aiming to address this issue, the understanding of concepts of security and national security, as well as review the concepts of Islam to reflect on and recall the views of the Supreme Leader and Imam Khomeini (RA), we explain the purposes and principles of the National Security of the Islamic Republic deal. Research results suggest that leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran look at the purposes and principles of national security through Islamic principles and beliefs which certainly have been extracted from true Islam. In fact the main objective of the principles and objectives of the current National Security of the Islamic Republic is seen as a tool at the service of Islam discourse. The idea of protecting the lives, property and honor of Muslims, along with their values and beliefs, against the domination of infidels and enemies as well as promoting cultural and intellectual advancement of Muslims around the world.

Iran's Islamic Revolution can be an expression pattern and the realization of its soft power, nowadays. This revolution are derived from authentic Islamic perspective through the ideas and ideal justice and by great Islamic insight of originator, Imam Khomeini, try to achieve the desired result which is Islamic awakening with peaceful methods.For this sake, the enemies of Islamic revolution seeking to have cultural collation with this divine movement by using from various procedures and methods such as media tools and cultural invasion in different ways. Our wise Leader Imam Khamenei has stated in an eloquent passage: "the priority is called soft war; that means battle exists by following the advanced modern tools via cultural things, penetration, lies and rumors. Communication tools which didn’t exist for about 10 years or 30 years ago". In this study by considering the ways of enemy's soft war, we review the strategies, practices of media and cultural enemy’s programs against the Islamic revolution. This research’s methodology, in order to access to the results, is an analysis based on text approach and background information analysis which is according to nature and type of study, data collection is done based on library and internet method, also data analyzing is done mainly with qualitative analysis methods, too. The research’s findings are as follows: if authorities focus on enemies's media and cultural strategies in the soft war against the Islamic Revolution from the Imam Khamenei’s perspective, and in order to deal with cultural soft power to strengthen the media's Islamic revolution, so it will neutralize the plots of enemies, especially in field of cultural and media advertisements.

The information revolution and the emergence of modern media have given our present lives an unprecedented and tremendous momentum that have replaced the culture of modern media with the traditional media culture such as books, newspapers, etc. Based on audio-visual media (not on deep thinking), produced without any deep thinking, modern media has broadly been welcomed. These media technologies, on the one hand, positively affect different aspects of human being life and on the other hand, have deeply changed the method and strategy of conflict and war against the enemy, which is an integral part of human societies. Therefore, using the world-wide spread technologies in modern media, the war has been led to the Soft War in the virtual arena, from the classic and real war. As a matter of fact, the Soft War is a war based on media software and an indirect war with minimum cost. In the Soft War, the objectives do not change and the collapse and the transformation take place in the inside sovereignty of an enemy country. However, there is a fundamental change in the weapons and the media is main weapons used against the enemy. However, the question which comes to mind is that why modern media has been chosen as a weapon for Soft War and what the purpose of the Soft War is. The present study has been done using a descriptive- analytic method and the results indicate that modern media is of superior properties compared to the other weapons, giving a better option to make inside changes in the opposing parties and governments. Therefore, modern media has been chosen as Soft War to achieve their objectives such as, reference making, replacing world culture instead of national cultures, publicizing materialism, redefining social relationships and demands of the citizens, raising doubt in the effectiveness of the political system, etc…

Revolutionary Islamic Political Order of Iran has capacity, necessity and background of changing and transcend to international power. Because of its issue and bisector of Islam, Iran and Republic. It is issue and bisector of School, Nation or People and Leadership or Imamate too. With Independence, Liberty and Islamic Government or Religious Democracy. There are cause National Productivity and Affectivity. Also cause Economic, Politic and Cultural Transcendental Development of Islamic Republic of Iran in the View of 1404 too. There are the Birthplaces and Motives Force or Agency Cause and Final cause of Transcendental Development or Progress of Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore Cultural Transcendental or Transcendental Culture is the highest obligations or necessaries for changing and transcend to national and international power. Spiritual and Moral Transcendental is the Truth, Spiritual, and Axis of Starting and Leaving of there obligatons.

At the present era, public diplomacy as one of the most efficient tools of soft power in order to influence on international actor's acts, employed by some powerful states in politics. But with the advancement of technology and expansion of communications, public diplomacy employed new mechanism to achieving its goals. In this article, by study of Joseph Nye's soft power theory and his comments about public diplomacy, we intend to study the impacts of Nye's theory on new mechanism of public diplomacy. Thus, Authors in this article by means of scientific method and descriptive- analytical approach, are looking for answer of this question that what is the impact of Nye's approach about soft power on determination of present public diplomacy mechanism? According to the research findings, Joseph Nye in his books and papers about soft power, has specific attention to public diplomacy and illustrates three fundamental components about implementation of public diplomacy which include daily communications with peoples, strategic communications, and long-term relations with key persons in target country. Nowadays, these three fundamental components are known as news management, strategic communications and consolidation of long- term relations.

Iranian- Islamic art and culture due to the high content and historical attachment to the land of Islamic civilization is an important manifestation of reproduction in soft power. Deep inside Islamic culture and art in its historical transition to the production of science had been able to manage this civilization in the first centuries of Islam.With the disappearance of core values of culture and art that have a direct relationship with the flourishing of science, scientific decline began in Iran and despite the passing centuries, significant success has not been made in this area on a global scale.Descriptive and analytical study has tried to place of culture and art as intrinsic and spiritual knowledge to increase Iran’s soft power. For this purpose, Main Documents such as Document of Future Perspective and the Fifth Development Plan have been studied. The results show that the place of culture and art in Main Documents of Islamic republic of Iran due to more attention to industrial issues is not satisfactory.

This paper seeks for showing the conflict between the west discourse with the Islamic discourse using Discourse Analysis of Foucault in the greatest cultural industery of USA i.e. Hollywood Cinema. Due to this fact, we embark on the geneology analysis of Islamophibia and Iranophobia through Faoucault's discourse analysis and then we apply the aforementioned analysis in Gordan's 2010 Hollywood movie "Unthinkable", which is among the most robust cases for showing the alleged conflict.This movie represents the most apparet legal requests of Muslem nations in the form of a terrorist muslem who has placed 3 different atomic bomds in America. The analysis of this movie could be a good viewpoint towards what is nowadays assumed to be Iranophobia and Islamophobia in Western media.