TAHQIQAT-E TARIKH-E EJTEMAI (SOCIAL HISTORY STUDIES)
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

Social security experienced conceptual and semantic contraction and expansion under the circumstances of Iranian internal transformations regarding political power and general domain. This research attempts to explore why and under what circumstances the issue of social security was noted by some of the elites in power and modern intellectuals and what components affected its functional and conceptual development. Utilizing the historical analysis method, it can be declared that in Naseri period, as a result of the entrance of modern concepts and the necessity of the establishment of new institutions for appropriate management of the affairs and on the other hand the rise in social awareness and modern approaches to the problem of social rights, a relative alteration in the concept and the functional scope of the social security, in spite of the permanence of the previous dominant structuralist discourse, could be seen. Such an orientation determined a kind of dual life and mixed or integrated condition. Active parts of the general and public domains were strengthened by the establishment of new disciplinary and civil institutions, growth of cities, as well as educational development and it was how the awareness of the community members in case of citizenship and civil rights was enriched as well. These were the society elites who aimed at altering the socio-political structure via the establishment of new institutions to reach their own desires and ambitions regarding individual and social security and presentation of the concept of the national security and safety. Consequently, the new structure, while developing the social institutions and strengthening the general and public domains, took a significant step towards the process of transformation of the dimensions of social security along with its required contextualization and execution.

Imam Mohammad Ghazzali, known as “ Hojat Al-Islam” , was one of the outstanding scientific figures in the history of Islam whose thoughts and works affected not only his own contemporary age but also the subsequent centuries and ages. This impact was in a way that his ideas and thoughts were judged differently during the history. However, some aspects of his entrance to Sultan Sanjar system and acceptance of a teaching position in Nezamieh in Neishabur still needs special attention and evaluation. It is of great significance to us to discover the reason why after a period of inclination to mysticism (Tasavof), he accepted the invitation of Sanajar Seljuki and his minister Fakhrolmuluk in 499 (Hijra-lunar). Another issue is the reason why he resigned after one year and what factors had encouraged him to return. The present study adopted sociological and historical approaches andtook advantage of historical resources to show how the political factors before and after Sanjar ruling, including the death of Barkiaraq and the consequent strength of Sanjar’ s position and Nezamolmolk family inserted great influence regarding Ghazzali inclination to Nezzamieh of Neishabour. There he worked for propagation of Sunni religion during the reign of a powerful king. However, the decline of the Seljuk, murder of Fakhorolmolk, and conspiracies of the Islamic jurists of Neishabur made him leave Nezamieh of Neishabour.

Baluchestan is one of the most complicated areas in Iran regarding social and cultural features. Zahedan as its capital is a place being affected by national and regional factors and a place where populations holding various perceptions of life-style with combination of various nationalities, races, tribes, and classes live together. All the above mentioned factors have made this region a complicated and heterogeneous case so far. Baluch tribe was one of the main population groups of Zahedan during the First Pahlavi era and the largest among other races of the region (prior to the First Pahlavi era). One of the main causes of the change in the size of the population of this group was the immigration of a part of Baluch population across the border during the First Pahlavi era. This divergent and heterogonous structure of population has remained until today; as a result, the examination of the background of this issue is necessary. This paper explores how socio-cultural and religious factors influenced the rate of the immigration of Baluch people from Zahedan through analysis of documents and library sources. The results of the study indicate that socio-cultural and religious factors were among the indices which paved the way for this immigration during the First Pahlavi era in Zahedan. Kinship bonds and the common social origins of Baluch people in surrounding countries set the ground for a number of indigenous dwellers, in particular, the Baluch. They suffered from certain predicaments resulted from social hierarchy and dominant traditions derived by social and economic stimulators. So they could not manage to settle and live in Zahedan anymore and immigrated across the border.

In Qajari Iran, taking refuge to the shrines of Shiite Imam Descendants in case of litigation and settlement of disputes was a common act. Different lines of research show that the reason why this style of objection became common in that era lay in the weakness of Qajari ruling system and the loss of cohesive judiciary system in that era. In this article, the events of taking refuge to the shrines of Imam Descendants and making vows there are seen to characterize the same unified function of settlement of social conflicts. In the same vein, through adopting an interdisciplinary approach and based on historical and representative evidence, the causes of these issues are explained, while focusing on one of the major Imam Descendants in Tehran. Perceiving the relation between the spatial and body representation of the shrine and such functioning shows how the Iranian pubic mentality of a social institute affected the body and spatial manifestation of this institute in the city. What is the mutual impact of such body representation on this social institute?

To evaluate the impact of Khuzestan regional construction project in Pahlavi era on the development of the city of Dezful, the present research adopts a historical approach whereby descriptive, narrative and analytical methods were employed in order for the researchers to serve the purpose of this study. The findings display that Khuzestan regional construction project, including Dez dam construction, water provision for 125000 hectares of the agricultural lands supported by the dam, power generation, and agro-industrial project in Dezful have led to 2-4 times increase in agricultural crops as well as profitable cultivations, execution of primary undertakings, modification of infrastructures, namely civil construction, and school and clinic construction (promoting education and sanitation in this area consequently). These have accordingly resulted in the development of Dezful in a way that the city has become the agricultural hub of the country. It was also revealed that the spatial growth of the city is meaningfully and outstandingly observed in comparison to the years prior to the execution of the project.

Vladimir Minorsky is one of the most prominent Iran ologists of the twentieth century and his studies cover a wide variety of areas such as geography, history and literature of Iran. The main problem of this paper is to study Vladimir Minorsky’ sapproach and narrative regarding evolution of Iranian society and history. Studying and reviewing his studies, we try to answer this main question that in his view what factors contributed to the permanence of Iranian history and its evolution during the passage of history. The present study sheds light on the new and unknown angles of Minorsky’ s Iranian studies. What distinguishes Minorsky from other Irani ologists is his initiative to create new theory to explain and understand the Iranian history during the Islamic period. The theory which is discussed in this paper is based on the two concepts of “ Iranian Interlude” and “ Iranian Islam” .

The position of Nasqchi which existed in the governmental system and court organization from Safavid era, maintained itself even after the decline of the Safavids; however, it was omitted from the Iranian court administration during Qajar era for several reasons. The main problem and concern of this study is to dig out the influential causes and factors contributing to the omission of this position from the list of positions and offices in Qajar era. The data collection was library based and document based and interpretative analysis was adopted as well. The results of this research display that the establishment of similar institutions with the same function on the one hand, and Iranian internal transformations and dominance of the order and stability in the country, on the other hand, were the main causes of the omission of this position in Qajar era.

Most of the studies conducted on Mazdak’ s movement and his acts consider the class structure of Iranian society in Sassanid era as the main cause of the formation of this radical movement; a movement which is seen to have been intensified by the inefficiency of the contemporary social context. In the same vein, they tend to represent it as a logical and real movement. This research, however, aimed to show that the class structure of the ancient Iranian society which was deeply rooted in the realities of Iranian society, not only was not the cause of instability and public discontent, but also it was the most important factor regarding stability and potency of social context and structure as well as consolidation and power continuity and wealth generation. Mazdak's ideas are mostly the result of the thoughts influenced by idealist philosophers of ancient Greece, which were formed in Gnosis discourse of western Asia contemporary with Sassanid period or a bit earlier, and thus had non-Iranian and bizarre roots different from socio-geographical realities in Iran. Therefore, this movement was not successful in absorbing the elite class and in forming and offering a new structure of society and government. Its revolutionary and idealistic effects resulted in the failure of many riots and movements.