TAHQIQAT-E TARIKH-E EJTEMAI (SOCIAL HISTORY STUDIES)
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:12

Abstract Natural disasters are those which don’ t have human cause and are usually unpredictable. Because of their negative impact on human’ s life, we call them natural disasters. According to historical reports, between the second to the seventh century, so much natural disasters occurs in the Djibā L'S province which were one of the biggest states in Iran. Most of the reports over this matter are just descriptive and because of large number of death and so on, we could say, their analytical aspects are weak. In this regards, the aim of present study is to answer the question of natural disasters’ role in economic and social situation of Djibā L'S province by an analytic-descriptive method? Finally, from whole analysis, we reach to a conclusion which puts natural disasters results on three division of: social-cultural, economic and political aspects.

Resulting from situations and numerous conditions, emigration occurs in human societies with various types and purposeful in collective or individual forms. Depending on time and situation, emigration is observed in Iranian society in Naseri period. While Vaqiye Ittifaqiye newspaper was circulated, adverse climate conditions with unfavorable economic consequences had direct influences on people lives and businesses, and accompanied with other issues like oppression of rulers and outbreak of diseases resulted in emigration event. This paper observes and counts all accounts of Vaqiye Ittifaqiye newspaper to see how much and how frequent is emigration issue reflected? What measures authorities took to resolve the after-effects of emigration? Contributions of this paper include: finding out about the causes of emigration, analysis of in-migration and out-migration regions, and finally investigation about time and location of reported emigrations. Using content analysis and collecting all accounts, emigration is analyzed sociologically as a social issue.

Many factors exercise influence over, and moderate the structure of a city. These factors can be linked to the political, administrative, social and religious structure of society. This paper points out how political power's decision making, affect the structure of a city. It focuses on Isfahan the capital of Iran during Safavid king, Shah Abbas, government (1571– 1629a. c. ). This is a Historical research with analytical-descriptive method, which tracing structure transformation of the Isfahan through Abbas monarchial regime, from primary and secondary sources. Being a case-study of one city, this paper provides details about the context, actions and development from the study of Isfahan. Finally, article is followed by a typology of different kinds of autocratic interventions of Shah and their modes of operation. This paper concludes Creative interventions, direct interventions on concept and ideology of urban design, intervention through oversight and supervision, Self-glorifying Intervention, and intervention through development of urban public spaces were tools of autocratic controls of king on urban design and development. Being grounded in Isfahan, this typology is not meant to be exhaustive or mutually exclusive. The discussion focuses primarily on examples from Isfahan, but examples from other cultures, contexts and settings will be provided to indicate transfer-ability of the concepts.

During the Seljuk period, the political institution affects the institution of religion and social relations that is why we have emphasized, in this paper, on the role of political structure in dealing with social and religious groups. As far as possible religious hierarchy was organized within the framework of the state, and religious affairs were under the control of the minister. This research, by a problem-oriented approach, attempts to explain the actions and attitudes of Seljuk rulers in relation to the community of Ja’ fari Shiites. The findings of the research indicate that Ja’ fari Shiites had rights and freedoms such as holding meetings, preaching, debating in the social arena. Shiite cultural institutions, such as schools and mosques, were active in various cities. The presence of Shiite scholars in urban administrative positions, such as judgments and superintendency, and in state administrative positions such as the ministry, were recognized. The findings of the research offer several reasons why Seljuk rulers had taken such a tolerant approach towards Ja’ fari Shiites.

Reza Shah's period was distinctive from the perspective of using exile punishment to punish his opponents that made this period distinct from the past era. Exile of nomadic tribes and was reminiscent of exile in past periods and it reminded the opponents of reform policies (military services, uniformity of cloths and unveiling Hijab) and also officials who were critics of the government, exile of the opponents and the critics of dictatorship government. By investigating social groups in this era, in this study we have tried to answered this question that whether triple components of the person who had been exiled, the place of exile and the reason for exile in the Reza Shah’ s era showed the same pattern for the situation of the persons who had been exiled, that was the result of the uniform policy of the government about this matter. The method used in this paper is historical analysis with the help of archival records and documents and the use of original sources. The findings show that the same pattern for the situation of the people in exile cannot be seem in the era of Reza Shah and analysis of the three mentioned components show that in this period exile had the same characteristics as the exile in foregoing governments and it had also the attributes of exile in dictatorship governments.

At the eve of 20th century, a group of Iranian modernist women established a journal under the name “ Alam-e Nesvâ n” (World of Women). This was part of a great modernist movement by Iranian women whose presence and attempts concentrated mainly in Tehran and other great cities. Among different issues of this journal, feminine hygiene and medcine and the modernist approach of the journal to these issue call for especial attention. Focusing on this journal, we aims to shed light on some less-studied aspects of Iranian women’ s social and cultural life in late 19th and early 20th century. As the results show, this journal represent an attempt by a group of Iranian modernist women who aimed to conduce a change in the feminine discourse of Iranian culture in early 20th century from the traditionalist-masculine tone to a modernist-feminie one.

With start of the world war1 in august 1914 it has devastated effects in different parts of the world including Iran, were plagued by numerous problems. One of the cities that incurd many injuries in this global incident was hamedan. this city that located on the road to commerce and pilgrimate, to experience the concequences of this war withdisasters such as the devastating famine, significant decline of urban and rural populations. And the destraction of agricultural lands and the to disappear of economic social and cultural activities. how and why was happened famine in hamedan? is the main question of the research. The goal of this inquiry is to identify and the knowing causes important and effective factors in the emergence of the famine crisis in the Hamadan region during the last years of the qajar rule. and with a descriptive analytic approach, and with leaning on existing documents is trying to reveal a new dimensions of this political social event. Due to the fundamental question of this article in regarding of etiology of famine formation in hamedan. To determine a accurate computation of human's death and the main cause of the human's crisis are two title creating serious ambiguities in this field of study that their elimination request a re-examination, right and firm study. That this article is want to achieve it.

Moslems first encountering with the modern world induced them to reconstruct their viewpoints in various areas including women's Hijab and their social participation. Meantime, the present article focuses on the explanation of modernist Mollanasreddin journal approach on the Hijab issue and women's social participation. The questions are: what was the implication of Hijab from Mollanasreddin's viewpoint and how it linked the traditional conceptions of Hijab with women's social attendance and modern reasons? the investigation was done by analyzing the content of papers and their descriptions from Mollanasreddin journal in the first five years. The results show Mollanasreddin challenged Hijab issue using modernism and supported women's social presence. furthermore, by explicitly rejecting any kind of relevance between hijab and chastity, knew it as a wrong traditional interpretation and emphasized on its optional nature. It also stated, there is no conflict between traditional instructions and Hijab.

One of the most important social phenomena in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Iran was labor migration to the south of Russian empire, especially toBaku and its surrounding areas. In the early years of the twenties century, wave of strikes, ethnic conflicts and the revolution of 1905 encompassed these areas. These events also affected the lives of thousands of migrant Iranians who were doing different, mostly unskilled, types of jobs in the Baku area. This article, using various documents and sources, attempts to illustrate the effects of those events on emigrant Iranian labor force and to evaluate the role played by the Russo-Caucasian revolutionary parties in establishing an Iranian political party. At first Iranian avoided political activities but, by the time the revolutionary movement spread in the Baku region, some Iranians became affected by liberal intellectuals, newspapers, political parties and revolutionary movement. A number of them like Haydar Khan Amo-oghli, Asadullah Ghaffarzadeh and … joined the Russian Political Parties and finally, a group of Iranian militants created their first political party called Ijtimaiyun-e Amiyun (Social Democrat).

Balochistan was the last region in Iran where the Pahlavi government could develop its authority to this area. Following the deployment of the government, various government programs were initiated immediately on modernization and consolidation of central government power. The Birth certificate law enforcement of thelaw was aimed at recognizing and summoning the incumbents, including the central government in Balochistan. The implementation of this law in Balochistan, as compared to other parts of Iran, began later and was completed in two stages. The actions of the civil servants faced widespread opposition and resistance, resulting in different reactions from residents of the area. This paper attempts to answer this question: What factors in intellectual and structural terms caused the Balochistan people to disagree with the law? The answer to this question is to identify the effective historical events in shaping the Baloch mindset of the government and the awareness of modernization programs and how they are implemented. Therefore, considering this point, the developments and events of the study period were examined based on historical analysis method with the help of archival documents and also using other available resources. The findings of this paper indicate that the mentality formed as a result of the previous government's methods and the contradiction of the modernization programs with traditional Baluchistan society was the main reasons for the opposition to this law.

Due to Iran and India's long history or relations and geographic proximity, Iranians and Indians have long lived in each other's countries. This article uses the descriptive-analytical approach based on data from historical documents and sources, and authoritative research, to examine the presence and employment of Indians in Iran's oil industry, and its consequences, from the late Qajar era to the end of the first Pahlavi period. The present paper asks why and how Indians were employed in Iran's oil industry and what the ramifications were for Iranian society. This research finds that the reasons for Indian laborers’ presence in Iran’ s oil industry included the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company’ s British managers who wanted skilled, cheap labor that benefited Britain's economic interests. As a result of their presence over time in places like Khuzestan, Indian workers became accepted as a minority population who, while preserving their own culture and customs, had a small impact on the culture and language of these areas.