Journal of Military Medicine
Year:2022 | Volume:23 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

Background and Aim: Knee pain causes the inability to perform daily activities, reduced productivity and combat readiness of the troops, and increased health care costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors related to knee pain in male military personnel. Methods: This study was a case-control study in which 150 military personnel with chronic knee pain and 150 healthy men were assessed through simple nonprobability sampling. A three-part questionnaire (Demographic, occupational, and Clinical Information) was used with closed questions, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, JRPD (Job-Related Physical Demands questionnaire), and HRA (Health Risk Appraisals questionnaire) and meters and scales as tools. For the people of both groups, the four mentioned questionnaires were taken in one session and the contents of both groups were analyzed and reviewed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the baseline demographic results (age, height, weight, work experience) in the two groups. Among the factors studied, there was a positive significant relationship between knee pain and hard job category variables (P = 0. 010), prolonged work experience (P = 0. 001), heavy and continuous physical activity (P = 0. 025), weakness in quadriceps (P = 0. 001), variables of exercise level (P = 0. 002), previous history of knee pain (P = 0. 003), and the existence of bad knee posture during activity (P = 0. 003) (working in the position of bending the knees for a long time (P = 0. 001), working in the position of two knees for a long time (P = 0. 003), working in long-term quadruple position (P = 0. 003), and working in a long-term squatting position (P = 0. 002). Also, BMI (P = 0. 015), level of education (P = 0. 001), smoking (P = 0. 015), deformity in the lower limbs and knees (P = 0. 003), swelling in the knee (P = 0. 003), cryptation in knee (P = 0. 002), dryness and limited mobility in the knee (P = 0. 005), and shortening of the hamstrings muscles (P = 0. 003) showed significant negative correlation with knee pain. Conclusion: It seems possible to reduce the amount of these factors by preventing knee pain or expanding them, and improving the level of military personnel efficiency.

Background and Aim: Cases of coronavirus and mortality caused by the virus are increasing rapidly. These emergencies in addition to threatening human physical health, have affected mental health. Given the importance of mental health in predicting physical function, this study aimed to investigate and compare the corona disease anxiety among police officers with different job hardiness in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the research was 500 police officers in Sari city, Iran. Two hundred and twenty-one of the subjects were selected by available sampling. The Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaires (CDAS) with 18 items and Job Hardiness Questionnaires (JHQ) with 17 items were used in the data collection process. Data were analyzed using t-test with two independent samples in SPSS 24 software. Results: There is a significant difference between the corona disease anxiety in two groups with high and low job hardiness which is equal to 5. 04 (P<0/05). As a result, the mean difference between the two groups is significant. Conclusion: According to the results, coronavirus anxiety is generally lower in people with high job hardiness than in people with low job hardiness. To put it differently, the more or even stronger the job hardiness in people, the less corona anxiety will be experienced. Therefore, training courses are suggested to strengthen and improve the psychological and professional hardiness of police officers.

Background and Aim: Recently, the sound level of military vehicles has increased significantly. Verbal communication is very important for the personnel working in these vehicles. The exchange of information between soldiers inside the vehicle as well as with the outside world, which is done using radio channels and internal communication systems, requires the ability to speak and hear properly. In military environments, armored personnel carriers (APC) are one of the most practical vehicles used, and the health and exposure to the sound pressure of the people inside the cabins of these tanks are very important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different adsorbents on noise reduction in armored personnel carriers. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional and interventional study on 3 armored personnel carriers (BMP1) in 2018. Sound pressure level inside the cabin was measured (according to BS6086-1981 [ISO5128-1980] standard) in 3 states include a. on and off mode of the tank with engine speed of 100 to 1200 rpm, b. standby mode with engine speed of 1400 rpm and c. moving mode at a speed of 15 km/hr tank with engine speed 1600 to 2000 rpm. In order to perform the intervention and reduce costs and evaluate the efficiency of adsorbents in reducing the sound pressure level, a room made of the main body of the tank, which was made of iron, was prepared in smaller dimensions. The sound was generated inside the chamber and after installing the absorbent material, the amount of sound pressure level reduction was measured. Selected absorbent materials were included Polyurethane foam with a density of 12 kg/cm2 and thickness of 2. 5 cm, Polyurethane foam with a density of 12 kg/cm2 and thickness of 4. 2 cm, Glasswool with a density of 12 kg/cm2 and thickness of 3. 2 cm, Polyethylene foam with a density of 20 kg/cm2 and thickness of 2 cm, and felt with thickness 0. 8 cm. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The equivalent sound pressure level increased from 93. 8 dBA in a standstill to 101. 6 dBA in standby mode, and in the state of motion, this level increased to 107 dBA. The corresponding total sound pressure level increased from 93 dBA in a standstill to 98 dBA in standby mode and increased at a speed of 15 km/h to 104 dBA. The equivalent level of sound exposure in the chamber without adsorbent materials was considered 110 dBA, when using the felt as an absorbent material, this level dropped to 98 dBA. When the polyethylene foam was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 102 dBA. When the glass wall was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 97 dBA. When the polyurethane foam with a thickness of 2. 5 cm was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 95 dBA. When the polyurethane foam with a thickness of 4. 2 cm was used as an adsorbent, this level dropped to 93. 2 dBA. Conclusion: The condition of the motor of the device and the condition of the chains are the most important factors in the difference in the level of equivalent sound pressure in the three mentioned conditions. The best material for installation inside the cabin to reduce the sound pressure level is polyurethane oval foam with a density of 12 kg/m2 and 4. 2 cm thickness. This material reduces the equivalent level of sound exposure from 110 dBA to 94 dBA.

Background and Aim: In our time, efficiency and effectiveness are the highest goal and the most valuable destination of all managers and relies on three items of planning, organization and time management. Therefore, in order to increase educational productivity, students' time management skills should be improved. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a codified educational program on improving time management skills in nursing students. Methods: This was an interventional study. The research samples were 60 nursing students who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The measurement tool was the standard Britton and Teaser time management questionnaire. The samples were divided into control and test groups. Then the workshop was conducted for the experimental group and eight weeks later time management skills in nursing students were measured with the mentioned tool. The data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software using independent t-test, Chi-square and Fisher, paired t-test, nonparametric statistical test Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the pre-test in terms of time management skills but in the post-test phase there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0. 039). And intra-group comparisons showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the control group (P = 0. 339) and the test group (P = 0. 157). In time management skill levels between the two groups according to the pre-test P = 0. 944 and P = 0. 167 after the test, there was no statistically significant difference. There were no significant differences in intra-group comparison but in the test group, the level of good increased from 8 to 14. Conclusion: In this study, the positive effect of education on students has been confirmed and shows the appropriateness of this education and the use of its techniques by students to manage time. Due to the significant difference in the time management skill score in the post-test stage between the two groups, a well-designed program can be effective. Therefore, it is recommended that the managers and educational officials of nursing schools use this educational program in order to improve the level of knowledge and performance of students in the field of time management.

Background and Aim: By intervening and manipulating some variables, including the leadership style of managers, it is possible to change the atmosphere of the organization and provide job happiness and satisfaction and subsequently promote organizational health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of happiness in the relationship between quantum leadership and organizational health at AJA University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of all faculty members of AJA University of Medical Sciences is 200. Using the Morgan table, 132 people were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires of quantum leadership, organizational health and happiness. The validity of the tools was verified using content and face validity by qualitative method and convergent and divergent validity. The reliability of the instruments was measured by the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability coefficients. Structural equation model and SPSS 24 and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between quantum leadership and organizational health (0. 27) and happiness (0. 86). The relationship between happiness and organizational health (0. 72) is positive and significant and finally, there is a positive and significant relationship between quantum leadership and organizational health mediated by happiness (0. 62). Conclusion: happiness can increase the correlation between quantum leadership and organizational health as mediators. Therefore, it is suggested that the principles of quantum leadership be taught to university administrators and supervisors at all levels of management.

Background and Aim: Relief and rescuing the lives of the wounded, particularly the soldiers in wars is significantly important, besides, this issue can be traced in all historical periods in various forms. Furthermore, in Islamic civilization, this issue has been paid attention to by relatively appropriate scientific advances, especially in the field of health and treatment. In Islamic civilization, the rate of this process was gradual, so that it started with the presence of Muslim women for relief and first aid, and then it proceeded to form more cohesive organizations in the form of mobile hospitals. In addition, hiring skilled physicians in this field led to the formation of the first military medical organization in Islamic civilization. The aim of the current research is to study the evolution trend of military medicine and the factors affecting it in Islamic civilization. Methods: The main materials of the present study are historical and medical information and data gathered from various sources. Along with them, new research on the medicine of the Golden Age of Islamic civilization is applied. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical and based on the data collection method, it was done by the library research method. Results: In agreement with the results of the current research, it can be said that paying attention to the treatment of military forces has a historical background in Islamic civilization as well as it has evolved gradually. Besides, according to the time being existed, this issue was highly relevant which can be considered as a support for the modern military medicine in the Islamic countries army units, particularly Iran. Conclusion: According to the available data, the facilities and the technological level of the period being studied, several relatively appropriate actions have been carried out to create a coherent organization and employ physicians in the military hospitals. However, there were some difficulties to hospitalize the wounded soldiers. The problems were due to several factors such as lack of serious training, trouble in transferring wounded as well as the impossibility of surgery.

Background and Aim: University is a place of creativity and innovation. A creative university is an educational place and the basis for producing and improving the quality of knowledge, expanding the boundaries of knowledge and educating creative students. Therefore, creativity is more necessary for university students than other organizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the level of creativity skills in students of one of the selected military nursing faculty. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted with the participation of 149 students of selected military universities of medical sciences. Sampling was performed by available methods. The data collection tool was Abedi valid questionnaire which has 4 areas: fluidity, expansion, initiative and flexibility. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Results: This study showed that the overall score of creativity with an average of 134. 80 ±,25. 968 was average. The fluidity score is 50. 35 ±,7. 02, the expansion score is 24. 61 ±,18. 52, the initiative score is 34. 72 ±,6. 36 and the flexibility score is 25. 2 ±,4. 17. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of total creativity skills score among nursing students (P = 0. 826). Conclusion: Due to the fact that creativity skills are moderate among students in different fields of nursing school, it is recommended to use new teaching methods to improve creativity skills and thinking-based and creative education.

Background and Aim: Improving the performance appraisal system in the armed forces health care system is one of the challenges for managers in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to develop performance evaluation indicators of nurses working in military medical centers in Iran. Methods: The present study is an applied and multi-stage research that was conducted in three general phases during the years 2020-2021 in military medical centers of Iran. Participants included 36 experts in the field of nursing. Library study, purposive sampling, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, semi-open questionnaire, expert panel meetings, and the Delphi method were used to collect data. Data were also analyzed by qualitative content analysis and Graneheim and Lundman's proposed steps. The importance of the identified criteria was determined through a pairwise comparison questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale and by fuzzy hierarchical analysis method in Matlab software. Results: Based on the results of this study, 33 performance criteria for military nurses in four categories of special conditions competencies (10 indicators), military competencies (7 indicators), command and leadership competencies (4 indicators), and nursing's basic competencies (12 indicators) were identified by experts, and the importance of each was determined. Conclusion: The study results showed that special conditions competencies and basic nursing competencies are more important than other groups in the military nurses' performance evaluation. Therefore, it is suggested that the identified indicators in this study can be used in macro-management decisions in the fields of education, training, and performance management of military nurses.