Caspian Journal of Health Research
Year:2022 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: Hepatitis C is one of the most challenging viral infections worldwide. Patients with hepatitis C may experience some disease-related stigma. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate perceived stigma and its role in predicting anxiety, depression, and quality of life among patients with hepatitis C. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in behavioral counseling centers of three cities, i. e., Khorramabad, Boroujerd and Noorabad, located in the western part of Iran, from May to August 2019. Stratified multistage sampling was used to select 144 patients diagnosed with hepatitis C. The WHOQOL-BREF Scale, Stigma Impact Scale (SIS), Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory, Second Edition (BAI) were used to collect the data. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the association of covariates on stigma and quality of life. The Stata 16 software was used to analyze the data at the significance level of 0. 05 Results: The Mean±, SD perceived stigma was 66. 805±, 1. 291 with social rejection and social isolation achieving the highest scores (23. 409±, 0. 551, 20. 208±, 0. 437). In the multivariate regression model, depression (B=0. 7, 95%,CI: 0. 5, 0. 89) and anxiety (B=0. 21, 95%,CI: 0. 02, 0. 41) had direct significant associations with stigma independent of age, sex, marital status, and occupation. Depression (B=-0. 27, 95%,CI:-0. 47,-0. 07), anxiety (B=-0. 33, 95%,CI:-0. 5,-0. 16), and stigma (B=-0. 41, 95%,CI:-0. 56,-0. 26) were inversely associated with patients’,quality of life. Conclusion: This study found a high perceived stigma score among HCV patients. Depression and anxiety were significantly associated with stigma. The quality of life of HCV patients were inversely associated with depression, anxiety, and stigma scores.

Background: Nowadays, children and teenagers are heavily influenced by video games. Excessive video games may affect children’, s physical and mental health as well as academic performance. Objectives: The present study aimed at determining the correlation between playing video games and general health as well as academic performance of Fasa mid-schools boy students at Iranian secondary school level. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 boy students at secondary school level in Fasa, Fars Province, Iran. The subjects were selected through multistage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, information about how to use video games and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS v. 22, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, t-test, and Chi-square test. P<0. 05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Findings revealed that there was a significant direct correlation between the amount of video game use and overall general health (r=0. 25, P=0. 03),a significant inverse relationship was also found between the amount of video game use and academic performance of the students in first (r=-0. 41, P=0. 002), second (r=-0. 30, P=0. 02) and third grade (r=-0. 42, P=0. 02) of mid school students. There was no significant difference in the general health between the two types of game played. There was also a significant relationship between students’,academic performance categories and the type of video game (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that video games can play a crucial role in the general health and academic performance of students. Thus, it is vital that parents pay more attention to the duration of playing and type of games their children play.

processes, social origin of identity, and information processing styles. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of metacognitive beliefs on dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (EA) identity mediated by mental health in university students. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population included all male and female, 18-25-year-old university students of the public universities of Tehran in 2020-21. The study sample consisted of 178 students selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included Arnett’, s Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA), Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and Goldberg’, s General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: Metacognitive beliefs was directly associated with mental health (β, =0. 61, P=0. 001) and instability/negativity (β, =0. 24, P=0. 010). Moreover, mental health had a significant positive association with instability/negativity (β, =0. 25, P=0. 004) and a significant inverse association with possibilities/optimism (β, =-0. 23, P=0. 018). The relationship between metacognitive belief with instability/negativity and possibilities/optimism was partly mediated by mental health. Conclusion: It is necessary to pay special attention to metacognitive beliefs as a factor affecting some EA dimensions such as instability/negativity and possibilities/optimism. Mental health should also be considered as the mediator in the association relationship between metacognitive beliefs and EA dimensions. Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended to hold training workshops on metacognitive strategies to improve their mental health and form identity styles.

Background: Hospital Supply Chain Management (SCM) agility requires finding the main and effective dimensions, prioritizing, communicating between them and analyzing these dimensions in relation to each other. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify different dimensions of the hospital SCM agility, proposing a model of the hospital SCM agility and determining the relationships between dimensions of agility, and prioritizing, analyzing, and interpreting dimensions of the hospital SCM agility. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the physicians, nurses and staff working at public hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Delphi technique was used to determine the dimensions of agility, interpretive-structural modeling approach was used for analysis. Network analysis was used to prioritize the dimensions of agility. Results: In the literature review 16 dimensions of agility were identified. The final model of agile supply chain management has 8 levels,cost reduction placed at the highest level and organizational leadership commitment was at the lowest level. Cost reduction dimensions were the highest priority and organizational culture was the lowest priority in the final network analysis. Conclusion: Agile supply chain management has very important and complex elements. Neglecting to monitor their changes can cause irreparable and profound damage to the medical sector. Interpretive-structural approach and network analysis create a constructive and effective method to model, analyze, and prioritize the dimensions of agile supply chain management.

Background: Among the main consequences of smartphone addiction are negative psychological effects, physical conditions, and psychosomatic disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and symptoms of psychosomatic disorders mediated by smartphone addiction in university students. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed on students of the Islamic Azad University-Ahvaz Branch in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 254 students were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using DSM-5 Somatic Syndrome Disorder Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (APS). The evaluation of the proposed research model was performed using SEM in SPSS version 23 and trough AMOS module. Results: There was a direct relationship between perfectionism and smartphone addiction (β, =0. 30, P=0. 001) and also a significant direct relationship between smartphone addiction and symptoms of psychosomatic disorders in the university students,smartphone addiction to health concerns: (β, =0. 28, P=0. 001), smartphone addiction to disease experience (β, =0. 23, P=0. 001), smartphone addiction to the difficulty of interacting with physicians (β, =0. 24, P=0. 001), and smartphone addiction to disease consequences (β, =0. 27, P=0. 001). The association of perfectionism to symptoms of psychosomatic disorders was partly mediated by smartphone addiction (P=0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, the proposed model had a good fit. Training the youth for optimal usage of smartphones can reduce the effects of perfectionism on symptoms of psychosomatic disorders.

Background: Increasing job-related stresses among firefighters not only affect the incentive of work but also cause a reduction in productivity. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate job-related stress situations among firefighters and its related factors. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 184 employees of operation department of fire stations of Rasht in April and May 2015. Health and Safety Executive tool was used to assess stress score among participants. Results: Of total, 141 subjects were participated in the study (response rate=77%). The prevalence of moderate and high job-related stress among firefighters was 2. 1%, which have been experienced severe stress and need rapid intervention. the prevalence of low stress that need to improve their stress situation was 88. 7% (125 firefighters). 13 firefighters (9. 2%) had no stress and were on ideal conditions and this situation should be maintained. Conclusion: Firefighters have great responsibility in saving people lives, thus periodic reviews on firefighters is essential to determine the level of stress and its early identification and prevention. Training of firefighters on ways of coping and empowerment can be effective in promoting their health and improving rescue services.

Background: An accident is an unforeseen occurrence that happens in all organs, including medical centers, due to unsafe conditions and practices which cause damage and sometimes irreparable injuries. Establishing safety system in the medical center seek to prevent harm to both patients and health care professionals. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess safety status in a medical center before and after implementing standard safety system. Materials & Methods: This case-study was carried out among the staff of a hospital in Guilan province, Iran in 2018-2019. The information was collected through observation and interview with staff and checking the observance of instructions and safety tips. Then, the possibility of needle stick injury was identified by calculating accident indices. human errors were assessed using risk assessment using Systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA). Results: A total of 9 departments of a selected hospital were studied and the accident and human errors were identified. The recurrence rate of the accident in 2019 compared to 2018 had a decreasing rate from 11. 36 to 4. 09 (safe_T_score=-3. 14). Risk assessment using SHERPA method in the gynecology ward revealed 4 important types of errors in this department. Conclusion: There was considerable reduction in frequency and severity of needle stick injuries after establishment of safety system in the hospital. The SHERPA method, detailed the task errors and specific remedial measure to correct the task. The results of this study can be helpful for medical staff, managers, employers, and safety experts in identifying and preventing the causes of the accident.

Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on dental profession, and COVID-19 prevention and control have been the topic of numerous investigations. Objectives: This study aimed to review the most effective strategies for prevention and control of COVID-19 before, during, and after dental procedures in the pandemic and post-pandemic era. Materials & Methods: This scoping review was conducted according to the five stages of conduct proposed by Arksey and O’, Malley. The latest findings available in most accredited databases and scientific websites including Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and the guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control and Prevention were searched using the following MeSH terms: “, COVID-19”, , “, Dentistry”, , “, Infection Control”, , and “, SARS-CoV-2”, . Irrelevant articles, duplicates, and those not meeting the eligibility criteria were excluded. The remaining 24 eligible articles were reviewed. Results: After data analysis, an efficient protocol for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic was tabulated, which included emergency treatments only, preoperative rinsing of an effective mouthwash, patient triage, principles of personal protection for patients and the staff, aerosol elimination from the office, efficient disinfection of the environment, and specific measures ofr different dental procedures. Conclusion: Dental clinicians can play a pivotal role in prevention of COVID-19 transmission by precise adherence to the protocols, updating their knowledge, and educating patients prior to their visit. Accordingly, they can fulfill their professional responsibility in treatment of emergency cases and other patients. Despite the ongoing global vaccinations against the COVID-19, genetic mutations that occur in the viral genome over time can still challenge the future of dental profession.