PERSIAN LANGUAGE STUDIES QUARTERLY (SHAFA –E- DEL)
Year:2022 | Volume:5 | Issue:10|Papers Count:6

The use of new theories of linguistics in the analysis of literary texts has opened new perspectives for researchers in the field of Persian linguistics and literature. Searle's speech act theory is one of the important theories in the field of text analysis, which examines the secondary meanings of words according to the context of the speech. By examining the text from this point of view, one can understand the hidden angles of the text. In this sense, in this research, an attempt has been made to examine the speech acts of the urban and rural story of the Masnavi from the third book, which is based on the theory of John Searle (1979). Therefore, the present research has analyzed and described the frequency of speech acts in the mentioned story with the analytical-descriptive method and statistical approach. The results of the research showed that according to the themes and moral and mystical recommendations of Rumi's stories in the Masnavi, among Searle's five actions, the most frequent are direct and persuasive actions.

Analyzing and reviewing literary texts based on the principles and theories of linguistic doctrine has been one of the most important approaches to criticizing and analyzing literary works in recent decades. Especially, when it is a question of comparing the stories of women and men, paying attention to the linguistic structures of their works can determine the differences between women's and men's language and also show the strengths and weaknesses of the works. One of the important theories of linguistics, which can be used as a criterion for such a study, is Michael Holliday's theory of role orientation. In this article-which is done using a descriptive-analytical method-according to Holliday's theory of role orientation, the structure and function of language and grammar in the stories of two great writers, Simin Daneshvar and Bozorg Alavi, have been investigated. Among the main findings of the article is that in the writing style of Sushon and women writers in general, there are some special features in the use of present and nominal groups, which are not found in the style of male writers, and as an example, imperative expressions are more frequent in Sushon.

Language is the most important means of communication between humans and it has always been a topic of interest. A group of linguists, language as a system, as well as feminist critics, especially postmodern feminists such as Sarah Mills, have expressed theories about the linguistic characteristics of women's works and their difference from men's works by stating that gender, race, class, etc. differences are effective in the way of using language, they have investigated it. The discussion of language and gender has a strong presence in fiction literature,because in order for the author to benefit from a language appropriate to the gender of his characters, he must use the unique linguistic features of the language of men and women. Sarah Mills has examined gendered language in three lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels, each of which has subcategories that have been examined separately. The present essay, using an analytical-comparative method, seeks to analyze the female identity at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse level in the two novels "Aggressive Possession" by "Lena Andershon" and the novel "The Moon is Full" by Fariba Vafi based on the linguistic approach of Sarah Mills. The results of the research showed that the language of the characters is strongly influenced by the gender of the author, and the authors have been able to create a language appropriate to the gender of the character in the novel, which shows the language of women in society

Salman Herati is one of the committed and stylish poets. The use of rhetorical images in his poetry has two climatic characteristics and attention to Quranic concepts. This approach, in addition to a kind of literary innovation, expresses Salman's moral and Quranic principles. Herati, in creating artistic images, did not use Quranic concepts only as a tool,rather, he used them to sanctify poetry. In other words, most of Salman's poems are in the field of stability and sacred defense, and by using Quranic concepts in image creation, in addition to creating literary satire, he has given them sanctity. In the meantime, simile is the most important element of Salman's Quranic poems, which is provided by the wealth of affection. In the present research, the explanation of the rhetorical influence of the Holy Quran in the poems of Salman Herati has been discussed

Bozorg Alavi and Gholamhossein Saedi are prominent Iranian writers who have written novels that have met with public approval. In this research, the stories of "Suitcase" and "The patriarchy" by Bozorgmehr Alavi, "Bill's mourners" and "Glorious soiree" by Saedi have been examined in terms of female characters, their roles, and the possibility of their presence in the society. Considering the progress of Iranian society and the strong presence of women in today's society, writers should align themselves with this new wave and also express the shortcomings and problems of women in their works. It is also necessary to examine the traces and background of this deconstruction (the presence of women in society and their self-employment) in the works of past authors and to estimate its effect. This research, which was conducted with a library study and a descriptive-analytical approach, showed that the role and presence of women in social, political, and cultural fields are more in Alavi's works than in Saedi's works. In Saedi's works, women play a very minor and secondary role and seem to be superstitious and helpless. Maybe only in the book "Glorious soiree" (the funny story of asylum), a powerful woman can be seen but she doesn't play much of a role in the development of the story.

Metaphorical ideology is one of the main study approaches of Theon Van Dyke (year of publication). He believes that ideology is a system of beliefs and motives. This system has a social and cognitive function. Since ideology, due to its phenomenal nature and semantic structure, requires a special emergence and development,it fits into a form of metaphorical system. Metaphor is necessarily considered as one of the most important semantic phenomena, which is removed from the body of a mere rhetorical tool and plays the role of representing human mental concepts. Metaphor is basically a documentary truth of language that secretly carries a range of human thoughts and experiential-biological processes. This article, relying on scientific concepts and with the method of library study in an in-text analytical way, has examined the novel "Wandering Island" by Simin Daneshvar and in pursuit of this scientific question: what quality and functional form have the conceptual metaphors of this novel emerged? In general, the findings of this research showed that the metaphors of the “, Wandering Island”,novel have crystallized with functions in the forms of similitude, allegorization, irony, and suggestive structure, and sometimes with psycho-perceptual aspects of highlighting and defamiliarization.