ROOYESH E RAVANSHENASI JOURNAL
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (19)|Papers Count:12

The new findings show that the brain has group of neurons which has mirror properties; these neurons called mirror neurons. Despite the fact there is no reliable physiological symptoms associated with Autism, it seems deficit in the mirror neurons in the prefrontal associated with this disorder.The purpose of this survey was finding the evidence on disordered function of the neurons in the children with Autism.This study was conducted through review method.Examined 20 articles published in 2010 -2015, By use the keyword such as brain imaging, mirror neurons, autism, developmental disorder& search in sites such as pubmed, science direct and springer. Primary evidences were supported this neurons role to develop autism symptoms, however recent researches applying brain imaging demonstrated that some factors such as deficit in imitation or theory of mind are related to autism symptoms.Therefore in order to assessment "broken mirror neurons" hypothesis in autism patients and also disappearing the inconsistent evidences, we suggest that researchers note etiology of this disorder with more accuracy in Future investigations and use mixed methods for determining the role of neurons in brain; the methods that in addition to motor tasks assess other tasks too.

Conducting parenting role is to enter to social role, which reflects a significant change in person life and identity. In recent years, many programs are designed in field of parents training that are different in philosophy, method and effectiveness.In this article, positive parenting program is introduced that is based on social learning theory and behavioral, cognitive and emotional principles.Also, it emphasizes on efficacy of mothers in behavior management and control. This program is based on five principles: healthy and attractive environment, positive learning environment, strict discipline, realistic expectations and pay attention to their role as parents. Increase of knowledge and skill, problem solving instruction, entertainment and safety development, enhance of behavioral, intellectual, linguistic, emotional and social effectiveness are specific objectives of positive parenting programs. This program has five levels, which had formed based on different levels of performance and behavior disorder of children, as well as different needs in their parents. In this paper, after introducing parenting programs, it had paid to positive parenting programs and have been investigated principles, goals, levels and its contents thoroughly.

The aim of this study was to The Relationship between perfectionism, internal locus of control and self- test anxiety and academic achievement of Talented students center Branch shahrekord.The sample consisted of 340 students shahrekord Branch stratified sample of schools was selected.The instrument used to collect questionnaire data perfectionism , locus of control scale, scale efficacy, test anxiety scale and average grades as an indicator of academic performance. The studywas correlational and multiple regression analysis and canonical correlation data were used. The results showed that the hypothesis of a set of predictor variables and criterion variables canonical correlation is equal to (.66). The results showed that not only test anxiety and academic performance by perfectionism, locus of control "internal" self-efficacy and predictable. Test anxiety and academic achievement by perfectionism, locus of control "internal" self-efficacy and predictable. Perfectionism, locus of control and self-efficacy of any combination of anxiety and a good predictor of academic achievement and Hm such a good predictor of test anxiety, but they alone are not good predictors for academic achievement alone

The purpose of the present research was to assess the predictability of academic performance based on selfconcept, self-esteem and selfcontrol in student in elementary schools. To do this, 300 students were randomly selected and were asked to fill out relevant questionnaires.Students’ academic performance were measured based on their school report cards’ (very good, good, acceptable and needs extraeffort). Data were analyzed using pearson’s regression and multivariate regression. Results indicated that there was significant relationship between self-concept, self-esteem and self-control and school performance. Furthermore, selfconcept, self-esteem and selfcontrol could explain academic performance to a large extent. These findings are discussed in the context of the literature.

General health is important in social and personal performance of individuals. Students who have lower psychological well-being, are emotional and use physical control and emotion-focused problem solving. Also their time management is weak and have a negative perfectionism. This research has studied effectiveness of group counseling with transactional analysis approach in enhancing students' general health.That has been performed in the framework of quasi experiment with pre-post-test design of the control group. The students of Mohaghegh Arddabili university that participated in the call for group counseling and responded to the general health questionnaire, were the statistical society of research., Two groups, include experimental and control group with ten member, were formed of those responded to general health questionnaire and their score were more than 21. The general Health Questionnaire was administered as pre-post test, before and after group counseling in both groups.Statistical analysis of the data collected was performed through the independent t-test using the spss software. The results showed that using of group counseling with transactional analysis approach is effective in improving students' general health (p<0.5). Although students' Social interaction scores improved in experimental group, but this difference was not significant. The use of group counseling with transactional analysis approach is effective in improving students' general health.The used techniques were effective in reducing somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression.

The present study has been done to determine the relationship and contribution of family functioning variables variables (problem solving, role performance, emotional responsiveness and overall performance) in the prediction of Academic selfregulation and Inhibition among high school students. For this purpose, 200 high school students were selected with multi-stage sampling method and studied.Methods the present study was descriptive and correlational. The data collected through questionnaire Family Epstein, Baldwin and Bishop (1983), selfregulation of academic and Ryan Connell (1987) and inhibition Weinberger and Schwartz(1990).Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.The results indicate that: there are significant positive correlation there are between family functioning in dimensions (problem solving, role performance, emotional responsiveness, and overall performance) and the amount Academic self-regulation of students. From among the predictive variables studied, variables of role performance and problem solving have been able to predict the Academic selfregulation of student. However there are no significant positive correlation there are between family functioning in dimensions (problem solving, role performance, emotional responsiveness, and overall performance) and the amount Inhibition among high school students.

Culture is defined of knowledge systems, concepts, rules and activities that is learned and passed down from generation to generation that influence to clinical symptoms show, etiology, expect of treatment, coping with illness and the process of psychotherapy.Culture at different levels affect of psychotherapy.Including motivation for treatment, the problems, treatment goals, therapist-client relationship style.In recent years, cultural competence as a solution that provides the possibility to all cultural and ethnic groups benefit from effective treatment, attentioned by psychologists and mental health professionals in theworld. In this article we have tried to be clear cultural influences on psychotherapy process and characteristics are expressed the competent psychotherapy and psychotherapists be implications for improving cultural competence.

The relationship between art and education, is an old. Today, art has a unique position in various aspects of individual and social life, especially in education and if educational messages combine with artistic attractions its success and effectiveness will be added. So educational authorities must recognizethis valuable intermediate well and be served it in formal and informal education systems. The aim of this descriptive and analytical study is to investigate the educational role and impacts of art and its communicational attractions for public especially children and adolescents. The main hypothesis of this paper is that art has the indelible role in development of thevarious dimensions of human personality andgrowthing his differentcharacteristics and capabilities.So with all its expansion and effects, art implies the existence of human backgroundsand capabilities that its growth requires regular and purposeful activity that we call it artistic education. For investigating this hypothesis, educational and psychological outcomes of education through art isanalyzed and explainedsystematically based on collection ofresearch documentation and targeted search in scientific resources.The results show thatthe basic functions of art are affect onaudience includingrecognition and personality growth, spiritual education and moral virtues growth, emotions and feeling growth, creativity nurturing, social communication development and cultural identity formation.

Nowadays, the empowerment debate is so popular that active social, political and economy groups use it. The worldwide usage of the term has two main consequences: first, ambiguity of definition and structure of empowerment construct, second, criticizing institutions and organization working on it as having no established criteria for measuring outcomes to prove their organization members are truly empowered. In spite of extent of usage of empowerment conceptthrough studies, organizations and social institutions, psychological and social empowerment, are less spoken and one main reason is lack of proper studies within this field.This is a review article which aims to introduce, define and analyze of common empowerment models to bring together two psychological and social dimensions. First, in the introduction, it is dealt with literature history of psychological empowerment and its development via studies, then, familiar models are introduced and at the conclusion, findings and promising research recommendation for further studies are presented.

Many of the interpersonal and psychological problems in patients with Alzheimer's can be explained based on the emotional aspects of their illness.Many studies have shown that Alzheimer's patients retain the ability to process emotions. This finding undermines the notion that these patients do not understand the emotional burden of stimuli. This look can be the cause of many abusive behaviors that caregivers apply to these patients. Following this important finding, the question arises: Do these patients remember the feeling and emotion they experienced? In this paper, we answer these two questions by explaining two concepts of “Emotional Memory enhancement” and “Feeling without memory”. Finally, we will refer to the clinical application of these findings for patients with Alzheimer's.

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of PAIRS (Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills) program on pregnantwomen’s marital satisfaction. This semi-experimental research was organized in a pretestposttest design with control group.The sample of the study included 24 couples expecting child who had scored low in ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. These couples were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group (12 couple each). Before intervention, both groups were assessed. The experimental group received Practical Application of Intimate Relationship SkillsProgram training for 8 sessions; while the control group did not receive any intervention. After the training sessions, posttest was administered for both groups and the data was analyzed through covariance analysis. Findings showed that PAIRS training has been effective on pregnantwomen’s marital satisfaction in a way that this program has helped general satisfaction increase and it has reduced the marital conflicts.Incorporating of this package in pregnancy carecenters’ prenatal care programs may improve marital satisfaction in couples expecting child and it consequently helps women mentally prepare for childbearing.

Distress tolerance refers to the degree to which an individual is able to withstand negative psychological and or physical states. Distress tolerance has increasingly been viewed as an important construct in developing new insights about the onset and maintenance of psycho pathology as well as its prevention and treatment. This article aims to review the theoretical and empirical bases of distress tolerance research.The research method is library studies and taking notes and reading documents. Inspection of the scientific literature indicates that there are a number of promising ways to conceptualize and measure distress tolerance, as well as relations between distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders. But there also is notable conceptual and operational heterogeneity across the distress tolerance literature. A number of basic questions remain regarding the conceptual and operational definitions of the construct, itsrelations to other constructs and processes, its relations to psychopathology vulnerability and resilience, and its role as a treatment and preventive intervention target.Thus, the current paper provides a comprehensive review of past and contemporary theory and research and proposes key areas for future empirical study of this construct.Future research will make important contributions to our understanding of distress tolerance (s) and its role (s) in psychopathology vulnerability and resilience.