Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research
Year:2019 | Volume:50 | Issue:6 |Papers Count:20

Climate change and global warming has increased climatic unfavorable events that could reduce crop yields and endanger food security. 13 agro-climatic indices which are based on the outputs of CMIP5 models and RCP emission scenarios, were used to investigate the effect of climate change on areas at risk of adverse events. Occurrence probability of heat stresses will be increased during the flowering and grain-filling for early and late cultivars at the end of the century so that these stresses will become the dominant adverse events in all areas. The occurrence probability of at least one adverse event is more than 20 and 90 percent for early and late cultivars, respectively in all areas for the baseline conditions, and this probability is expected to increase by more than 40 and 94 percent for early and late cultivars, respectively under future climate scenarios. Proportional to the reduction of water stress for different emission scenarios, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of heat and water stress at the flowering stage will decrease in future as compared to the baseline. In future, areas where are at risk of at least two adverse event occurrences will increase further, as compare to those where are at risk of at least one adverse event occurrence. Toward the end of the century, more areas will be at risk of at least one and two adverse event occurrences.

In this study, the removal potential of norfloxacin antibiotic from water was investigated using Chlorella sp. microalga. Also, the toxicological effects of norfloxacin on Chlorella sp. was examined by studying the growth and biochemical characteristics of the microalga including cell dry weight, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content. A multi-level factorial experiment with complete randomized design was performed with three replications. The experimental factors included 5 levels of antibiotic (0, 20, 50, 80 and 120 mg L-1) and 6 sampling times (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 14 day). The cell dry weight of Chlorella sp. was significantly reduced at increased concentrations of norfloxacin, showing 12. 61, 42. 41 and 55. 23% reduction at 50, 80 and 120 mg L− 1 norfloxacin, respectively, as compared to the control treatment after 14 days of incubation. The total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were significantly increased by prolonging incubation time as a result of norfloxacine stress. The effective concentration (EC50) of norfloxacin was calculated to be 453. 71 mg L− 1 for Chlorella sp. at the end of day 14. Chlorella sp. was able to eliminate norfloxacine up to 69. 15, 51. 78, 28. 41 and 18. 18% from 20, 50, 80 and 120 mg L− 1 water solutions, respectively, after 14 days of incubation.

Drought prediction plays an important role in designing drought adaptation systems and implementation of relief operations. Hydrological data is a combination of a definite and random section. Given the fact that the production data of intelligent models are definite, application of a new approach, using the random part in predicting this data can increase the certainty of the model. In this research, it was attempted to provide a hybrid model for prediction of drought using a combination of the Gene Expression Programming model (GEP) and the Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) time series model. For this purpose, drought prediction in Salmas station using SPEI drought index at different time scales was investigated during 35 years statistical period and with 5 different input models. The results showed that the GEP method does not have the appropriate accuracy in short-term time scale of SPEI index and it will be improved with increasing time scale. The results of the hybrid model showed that the error of GEP model decreases in all time scales, and this performance improvement is more tangible in the short-time scales, so that the correlation coefficient in three-month time scale in the GEP model has increased from 0. 622 to 0. 891 in the hybrid model.

The purpose of this study was to calibrate and evaluate DSSAT-CANEGRO Model using field data from two datasets for cultivar CP57-614, in Khuzestan. The experimental plan was performed at three levels of irrigation water (full and deficit irrigation) with three replicates in a completely randomized block design during cultivation years of 85-86 and 94-95. First of all, model calibration was done to find out the important input parameters by GLUE method. DSSAT-CANEGRO Model consists of 20 Genetic parameters. In order to reduce some parameters, parameterization was conducted using field data. The comparison between predicted and measured data showed that the model efficiency was 0. 69 to 0. 75 for aerial dry mass, 0. 67 to 0. 7 for stalk dry mass and 0. 18 to 0. 25 for sucrose. The results indicated that the sucrose prediction by CANEGRO model is weak as compared to other parameters. This is due to measuring sucrose at the end of grown season.

Due to the high cost of water treatment by chemicals, low cost methods of refinement are very important. In this study, four types of strong cationic resins including Purolite C100, Purolite C100E, Trilite SCR-B and Dowex Marathon C as softening with different levels of 3, 5, 8 and 10 liters used to reduce Ca and Mg ions in Water Supply Station of the Coal Village House in Juybar city, Mazandaran province. In this study, Factorial experiments carried out in a completely randomized design to investigate the effect of different types and amounts of resins on Ca and Mg reduction in water. The results showed that the three liters of Dowex Marathon C resin have the highest removal efficiency of 16. 1 and 21. 5%, respectively, for magnesium and calcium. In addition, the five liters of Trilitle SCR-B resin have the removal efficiency of 37. 4% and 42. 5% for Mg and Ca, respectively. The eight liters of Trilitle SCR-B resin have the removal efficiency of 51. 6% for magnesium and 60. 3% for calcium. The highest removal efficiency of Mg (66%) and Ca (77. 6%) obtained by using 10 liters Purolitle C100e and Trilitle SCR-B resins, respectively. Finally, it can be said that the Trilite SCR-B resin with the lowest calcium and magnesium hardness in the water (36 and 16 mg/l respectively) and the most effectiveness on hardness reduction is suggested to be used in the water treatment system of Juybar city.

The objective of this research was to save water resources, using nonlinear programming model to optimize the crop pattern under full and deficit irrigation techniques in eight observation fields for eleven predominant irrigated crops, including winter wheat, barley, rapeseed, autumn sugar beet, corn, sorghum, tomato, onion and potatoes, bean and autumn watermelon in the downstream lands of Doyraj Dehloran reservoir located in the southwest of Iran. The yield reduction and net income of each crop were calculated for 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% of water requirements during the growing season. The objective function for maximizing net profit with different constraints including constant cultivated area was determined for the existing cropping pattern, the policies of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and the proposed pattern. In the case of full irrigation, the results showed that the net profit of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad cropping pattern was increased 1. 33, 1. 19 and 1. 05% for 100, 90 and 80% of water requirement, respectively. Under deficit irrigation conditions (90 and 80%), water resources are saved 18 and 34%, respectively. The proposed cropping pattern, including four crops of wheat, canola, autumn sugar beet and grain corn increased the net profit of 60, 70, 80 and 90% of the crop water requirement treatments by 14. 4, 33. 6, 54 and 74. 7%, respectively, as compared to the existing cropping pattern. In the proposed deficit irrigation treatments, the water resources were saved 60%, 49%, 35% and 19%, respectively. The results of nonlinear programing model showed that the optimization of cropping pattern with deficit irrigation technique, not only increases the net profits, but also it can be effective in conserving surface and ground water resources.

The scouring phenomenon around the bridge piers depends on the hydraulic properties of the flow, shape, and spacing of the pier relative to each other, the material and grading of the rivers bed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cavity, caused by materials mining, on scouring around the pier groups. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effect of this mining, pier groups armed with cable were used. Pier groups were performed of three consecutive piers in the direction of flow. The experiments were carried out in two simple and armed modes (v shape), in sand bed with a median grain size of 0. 78 mm, with a length of 4. 25 meters, in a canal with 13 meters in length and 1. 2 meters in width. The effect of materials mining on scouring in upstream and downstream of the mentioned pier groups was investigated under subcritical flow conditions (range 0. 25-0. 5). The results showed that in all experiments, materials mining from the upstream of the pier group reduced the scour maximum depth, but mining from the downstream of the pier group increased the scour maximum depth. Also, with increasing the Fraud number from 0. 25 to 0. 5, the scour depth was significantly increased in all piers and for two beds; without a pithole bed (a) and with a pithole bed (b). So that the least increase in scouring for A and B conditions was about 44 and 66%, respectively for the last pier in downstream pier group and the most increase in scoring was observed to be 75 and 76%, respectively for the first pier in upstream pier group.

In order to investigate the effect of biochar on soil carbon mineralization and some of the microbiological indices, an incubation experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 factors: 1. biochar type (apple pruning wastes (AB) and wheat straw (SB) for mineralization) and (apple pruning wastes (AB), grape pruning wastes (GB) and wheat straw (SB) for microbial indices), 2. biochar production temperature (350 and 500 ° C) and 3. Soil type (with low organic matter (1) and high organic matter (2)) in three replications. To carry out the experiment, biochars were added to the soils at 2% by weight, and the mixtures were incubated for 90 days under standard laboratory conditions (25± 2 ° C). Unamended soils (without biochars) were also considered in the experiment as the controls. Respiration values were measured for carbon mineralization at different times in AB and SB and data were fitted to the first order equation and at the end of the incubation period (96 days) some microbiological indices were measured. The results showed that the highest and the lowest carbon mineralization potential (C0) was obtained in the treatment of AB-350 in soil 2 and in soil 1, respectively. The amount of carbon mineralization, bacterial respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in the biochar treatments produced at 350 ° C were more than the ones produced at 500 ° C. Also, the value of biological indicators measured in soil 2 (with high organic matter content) was more than the ones in soil 1 (with low organic matter content). The amount of BR in AB, GB and SB produced at 350 ° C were 1. 75, 1. 24 and 2. 27 times greater than the ones in control treatment, respectively. This study provide clear evidence that the application of low temperature biochars (especially SB) improve soil quality. Generally, pyrolysis temperature, biochar type and soil type were the key factors affecting biological indices.

In the recent decades, the industrial revolution resulted in contamination of the biosphere by heavy metals and mycorrhizal fungi could affect the metals uptake by the plant. This research was carried out using Zea mays with three levels of soil Cd cotamination (0, 50 mg kg-1 using Polymer (Poly-hydroxybutanamide) – Cd, and 50 mg kg-1 using Cd-nitrate) and two levels of mycorrhizal (inoculanted with Glomus Caledonium and noninoculanted) with three replications in a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. Cadmium pollution caused a significant reduction (P≤ 0. 05) in shoot dry weight (from 31. 05 to 26. 34 and 27. 10 g pot-1), shoot phosphorus concentration (from 0. 37 to 0. 36 and 0. 36 g kg-1), soil carbohydrate (from 12. 67 to 10. 40 and 9. 81 mg g-1) and also resulted an increases in soil glomalin (from 458. 56 to 600. 37 and 635 μ g g-1) from control to polymer-Cd and nitrate-Cd respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi reduced Cd uptake by the Zea mays, increased the soil glomalin content and improved the soil biological parameters. The results of this study showed that glomalin is an important protein in response to stress condition of Cd contamination. Poly-hydroxybutanamide polymer (a non-toxic compound) increased Cd availability and Cd uptake by plant (34. 91 mg kg-1) compared to nitrate-Cd (19. 83 mg kg-1) and it could be recommended to improve phytoremediation.

Salinity stress is one of the factors that affect the agricultural productions in the arid regions in the world. In this condition, the effect of potassium and zinc fertilizer treatments on the production of reactive oxygen species were investigated in a completely randomized design with three factors (fertilizer, cultivar, and time) and three replications in a greenhouse. The results showed that the application of potassium treatment in Sarigol and Licord cultivars increased SOD activity 49. 1% and 14. 4% respectively, as compared to the other fertilizer treatments. On the other hand, the application of this fertilizer increased the activity of GPX enzyme in Sarigol and Licord cultivars 50. 7% and 62. 2% compared to the other fertilizer treatments, respectively. The highest activities of SOD and GPX were in pre-flowering stage which showed 18. 6 and 32. 6% increasing related to flowering stage and 44. 9 and 26. 1% increasing related to post-flowering stage, respectively. Also, the relative water content of Sarigol and Licord cultivars increased by at least 7. 9 and 0. 35%, respectively, using potassium fertilizers. Sarigol cultivar had less potassium uptake than Licord cultivar in the root and shoot by 1. 79% and 18. 9%, respectively. Sarigol is a salt tolerant cultivar and sensitive in pre-flowering stage in which the consumption of potassium fertilizer can reduce the effect of salinity stress.

In this study, horizontal screens were used in the edge of vertical drops, as an excessive energy dissipater of flow, to increase dissipation of energy in vertical drops with the supercritical flow at upstream. Experiments adjusted for a simple vertical drop and a drop equipped by screens with two porosity values and three openings of the upstream sluice gate. During the experiments, it was observed that the horizontal screen after drop increased the air entrance and turbulence in the pool due to dividing the falling jet into a large number of small vertical jets. The results indicate that using these plates in the vertical drops increases the relative depth of downstream, relative depth of pool and relative energy dissipation as compared to a simple vertical drop. Also, results showed by increasing the upstream Froude number and decreasing the relative critical depth, the relative energy dissipation increases. However, the porosity of screens has not a significant effect on energy dissipation. Investigation and comparison of the results corresponded to the simple vertical drops and the ones equipped with screens indicated that incorporating the horizontal screens in these structures eliminate or decrease the length of stilling ponds.

Using biochar surfaces as a suitable substrate for placing nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI), in addition to increase the stability and reduce the agglomeration of these nanoparticles, could improve the biochar sorption mechanisms for various pollutants in environment. In this research, walnut-shell residues (R), walnut-shell residues biochar(B), and walnut-shell residues biochar coated by nZNI (BN) were applied to a Cd-spiked (200 mg Cd kg-1 soil) calcareous soil at three levels (0. 5, 2, and 4%); and after incubation process (90 days), soil Cd behavior was examined using desorption kinetic and chemical fractionation experiments. The results showed that application of BN compared with two other amendments significantly reduced Cd desorption (59. 69%, 80. 16% and 80. 5%, respectively, at 0. 5, 2 and 4% levels) compared to the control sample. The low values of the Q1 parameter (labile form of Cd) in two-step first-order reactions model fitted on Cd two-phase desorption data in treated soils indicated the positive effect of amendments (in particular BN) on reducing the available Cd compared to the control sample. Application of all three amendments had reduced the relative percentage of carbonate and exchangeable forms, as these reductions in BN-treated soils (2 and 4% levels) were obviously more than the other treatments. Reduction of Cd mobility factor from 68. 2% (in control sample) to 35. 51, 43. 83 and 54. 1% in BN-, B-, and R-treated samples, respectively, showed the high effectiveness of BN as compared to B and R treated soils. Based on the results of this study, the biochars coated with nZVI, due to the integration of stabilization mechanisms of biochar (processes of ionic exchange, superficial complexes and surface precipitation or co-perception) and nZVI (processes of sorption and complex formation), showed a higher efficiency on Cd stabilization in soil samples compared to the none-coated biochar and raw organic residues.

Mushroom compost is thrown away after mushroom harvesting as wastes. In order to investigate the effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) and its biochar on growth parameters and some nutrients uptake by parsley under salinity stress, a completely randomized design experiment with three replications was carried out in green house of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The Factors consisted of SMC and its biochar, each at two levels (0 and 3 % by weight) and at two levels of salinity (2 and 6 dS/m). The results showed that by increasing salinity from 2 to 6 dS/m, fresh and dry weight of aboveground part, concentration of iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus decrease significantly (P<0. 01). In versus, sodium concentration was increased in aboveground part of the plant by increasing salinity. Application of organic fertilizers as SMC and its biochar increased nutrients uptake and plant growth parameters. Application of 3% biochar as compared to compost and control showed better results in terms of increasing growth parameters and nutrients uptake. The results of this study indicated that the compost and its biochar are able to decrease salinity stress as well as drought tension-due to their capacity of holding water. Therefore, reusing and safe disposing of compost wastes and their biochar could be an effective practice for improving soil nutrients and productivity.

Numerous studies on sediment transport, especially prediction of this phenomenon, indicate its high importance in the sciences related to engineering and water resources management. In recent years, intelligent methods have been applied successfully to predict bed, suspended and total sediment load. However, due to the lack of measured data, limited researches have been done to deal with prediction of total load in gravel-bed rivers. The aim of this study is to apply Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to predict total sediment load for 19 gravel-bed rivers and to compare the obtained results with well-known classic methods. For this purpose, different non-dimensional parameters based on hydraulic condition and sediment characteristics were defined and the performance of these methods was evaluated. According to the obtained results, the ANN model with correlation coefficient of R =0. 952 and Nash– Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE=0. 903) showed a better performance as compared to the other methods. Finally, by performing sensitivity analysis, the ratio of mean flow to shear velocity was introduced as the most effective parameter in predicting total sediment load.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate drought stress indices in a deficit drip irrigation system on yield and grain yield components, oil yield, seed oil percentage and water use efficiency of canola in two years of cultivation (2010-2011 and 2011-20120 at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. The experiment was carried out as split plots in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The main factor included water content in drip irrigation in four levels of 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop water requirement and a sub factor including Hyola 401 hybrid and RGS003 cultivar. The comparison of the mean grain yield for irrigation and cultivar interactions showed that Hyola 401 at 100% water requirement with 3161. 2 kg ha-1 yield was superior related to 125% water requirement due to less water consumption. The averages water consumption of the 2-years experiment were 1958. 8, 2938. 1, 3902. 6 and 4896. 9 m3/ha in 50, 75, 100 and 125% treatments, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated by increasing the weight of 1000 seeds, the grain yield and seed oil yields are increased and the water use efficiency is reduced. The low values of SSI and TOL indices and also the higher values of STI, MP and GMP indices in Hyola hybrids compared to RGS003 cultivars introduced Hyola 401 hybrid as a superior treatment in terms of drought stress. The identical trend of changes in STI, MP and GMP indices in 50 and 75% water stress treatments caused these indices to be suitable for introducing drought resistant treatments.

Desalination of salty and unconventional water is an opportunity for sustainable development especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this research, a greenhouse was constructed at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and six solar distiller devices mounted on it. Its four devices were mounted on the roof and two other devices on the south wall of the greenhouse and used for desalination of saline water. Total amount of fresh water of six distillers was calculated on a daily basis. To estimate greenhouse evapotranspiration, a small evaporation pan and a soil water balance method were used. The effect of some meteorological parameters on the daily production of fresh water was investigated. The purpose of this research was to determine the fraction of fresh water produced by distillers to the basil crop water requirement in the greenhouse. Daily and periodic measurements of fresh water production were compared with daily and seasonal evapotranspiration of basil crop. The results showed that the average of basil evapotranspiration in the four stages of plant growth is respectively 1. 97, 7. 03, 8. 22 and 8. 11 mm/day. By increasing solar radiation and temperature and reducing cloudiness and precipitation, the fresh water production was increased. Wind speed and horizontal visibility have less effect on the fresh water production. The produced fresh water of six distillers during the four stages growing period of basil crop was measured to be 3. 52, 4. 62, 5. 47 and 5. 42 liters per day, respectively. Therefore, the produced fresh water at the beginning stage was 1. 79 times of the basil ET and from the second to fourth stages it was about 0. 67 of basil evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration of basil plant during the 100 days of growing season, from April 21, 2018 to July 29, 2018, was measured to be 678. 9 millimeter, of which %72 (488 liters per square meter sandy bed) was supplied by distillers.

In this study, the interaction effect of water stress at different growth stages and NK fertilizer application on yield and water productivity of wheat was investigated in a saline condition. This experiment was conducted in a split plot design, based on a completely randomized block with five irrigation treatments (as main plots) and four fertilizer treatments (as sub plots) with 4 replications in Khosrowshah region of East Azerbaijan province for 3 years (2011-2014). Irrigation treatments comprised of full irrigation (I1), irrigation cut at stage of stem elongation (I2), Irrigation cut at flowering stage (I3), irrigation cut at milk stage (I4) and irrigation cut at milk and dough stage (I5). Fertilizer treatments comprised of N-and K-fertilizer application based on the local recommendation (F1), 30% more than the recommended rate (F2), 30% lower than the recommended rate (F3) and 30% reduction only in N-fertilizer recommended rate (F4). Results revealed that there was a significant difference between I3 and other treatments. Treatments I1 and I3 with 2865 and 2028 kgha-1 had the highest and lowest grain yield, respectively. There was significant differences among the treatments in terms of water productivity. I5 with 1. 42 kgm-3 and I3 with 0. 71 kgm-3 had the highest and the lowest water productivity (WP) among treatments, respectively. Among fertilizer treatments, F3 had the lowest biomass and WP in terms of biomass yield, whereas there was no significant difference among the other treatments. There was no significant differences among the fertilizer treatments in terms of grain yield, WP, protein and seed nutrients contents (NPK). Based on the obtained results, in the case of limited yield production due to water scarcity and salinity stress, eliminating late season irrigation at milk and dough stages and also application of N and K fertilizer at the recommended rate are suggested.

Ghezel Ozan River Basin is one of the important basin in Iran, which supply people grains requirements. The amount of potential reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) was evaluated with RCP4. 5 (low emission) and RCP8. 5 (high emission) scenarios on the horizons 2030, 2050, and 2070. The output of four GCM models in CMIP5 and the LARS-WG6 statistical downscaling were used. In this study, the daily historical records of six synoptic stations (namely Zanjan, Mianeh, Khalkhal, Zarrineh, Qorveh, and Bijar) from 1989-2016 were used. Differences of mean ET0 time series in the base and future time periods were tested using the t-test method in three-time scales (i. e. monthly, seasonal, and annual scales) at 5% significance level. Trends of ET0 in the proposed three-time scales were analyzed in the base and 2021-2080 periods with both RCP scenarios using the Mann-Kendall (MK) method at 5% significance level. The effect of significant autocorrelation coefficients was eliminated in MK method. The slope of trend lines was estimated by Sen’ s estimator. Results showed in the whole basin, based on the RCP4. 5 scenario in the horizons of 2030, 2050, and 2070, the amount of ET0 will be increased by 1. 8%, 3. 7%, and 5. 7%, respectively. These records were about 1. 7, 5. 4, and 9. 1 percent using the RCP8. 5 scenario, respectively. The most increase in ET0 was observed for July. The annual ET0 values would be increased in the future in all stations. The mean differences of ET0 in June, July, August, summer, and annual time series with respect to the base time period were significant for all the stations and for all the future periods (under two RCP scenarios). In the future period, according to the both scenarios at all stations, the annual ET0 trend was upward.

Water accounting frameworks apply as a tool for organizing water data and water resources assessment. Adopting SEEA – Water framework, the paper will go through integrated water resource assessment in the Ajabshir study area in 2006 and 2016. The assessment was carried out based on the indicators associated to the different dimensions of water security in the area such as water resources, economic and social. According to the indicators of water resources dimension, agriculture, with more than 96% of water consumption, has the most effect on water stress. According to the intensity of water consumption in 2006 and 2016, the local water resource is highly unsustainable. Per capita renewable water increased from 835 m3 per person in 2006 to 1179 m3 per person in 1395. That is mainly due to the decrease of 17% of the population in 2016 compared to that in 2006, decrease in outflow to Lake Urmia because of the GHALEH-CHAY dam, as well as the further transbasin water import. The marginal value changes in the economic productivity of water in the agricultural sector indicate that the economic drivers of agricultural sector were highly dominating the growth mechanism in the area, which can result in ignoring strategic water resources restrictions in favor of short-term individual economic gains. In spite of decline in water consumption in the service and constant water consumption in the industrial sectors, increase in services and industrial revenues has led to an increase in the economic productivity of water in those sectors.

In this research, the performance of semi-quantitative method in AquaCrop model for prediction of biomass and vegetation under various nitrogen fertilizer managements was evaluated by comparing the simulated parameters with the measured results in the greenhouse. The radish cherrybel cultivar was cultivated in the greenhouse of Pardis Aburaihan, University of Tehran without thermal and water stress during two periods (February 2018 and April 2018). The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with different treatments such as zero fertilizer as control (N0), 50 (N1), 100 (N2), 150 (N3), 200 (N4), 250 kg nitrogen per hectare (N5), using Urea fertilizer with three replications. N0 and N3 treatment data of the first cultivation period were used for calibration and the other data were applied for model validation. Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), Determination Coefficient (R2) and Mean Bios Error (MBE) were used to evaluate the performance of model. The values of these parameters (RRMSE, R2 and MBE) for biomass simulation were 11. 12%, 0. 973, 0. 032 ton. ha-1, respectively for N0 and 10. 32%, 0. 975, and-0. 002 ton. ha-1, respectively for N3 in the calibration step. These parameters for canopy cover simulation were 15. 93%, 0. 884 and 4. 30%, respectively for N0 and 12. 84%, 0. 916 and 5. 94%, respectively for N3 in the calibration step. Also, in the validation step, the range of changes in these parameters for biomass simulation were 13. 7-25. 7%, 0. 923-0. 988,-0. 110-0. 118 ton. ha-1 and for canopy cover simulation were 19-25. 4%, 0. 768-0. 867, 5. 7-10. 18%, respectively. Based on the results, AquaCrop model simulated the biomass and canopy cover precisely under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and during the growing period.