EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:10|Papers Count:10

The purpose of response phase after a disaster is to reduce mortality by accessing affected areas in order to transport relief items and search and rescue activities as soon as possible. Debris caused by the disaster blocks the roads and prevents emergency aid teams to access the disaster affected regions. Deciding which road to clean in order to transport relief items is crucial to diminish the negative effect of a disaster on human health.In this paper, we developed a mixed integer mathematical model to the debris clearance problem considering multi-depot and multi-vehicle. The aim of our model is to minimize the maximum walk of the vehicles. For decreasing the computational time, we developed a two-phase heuristic based on simulated annealing. Validity and applicability of the proposed model and solution algorithm are tested and analysed in a region of Tehran, Iran. The results from this experiment highlight the importance of multi-depot and considering a comprehensive plan for the debris removal problem in the response phase.

Dams as one of the most important energy infrastructure have a significant role in water supply of the regions, provinces or country. Furthermore, in terms of energy, they are hydro electrical-water power stations that produce electrical energy from the potential energy from the water behind the dam. Therefore, from the perspective of emergency management, identifying any degradation (cracks, break, etc.) in the body of the dam is very important. Because ultimately, these damages can lead dam break and the breaking of a dam caused a significant crisis for the region. This paper attempts to design a warning image system using synthetic aperture radar (SAR), in order to detect any degradation in the body of the dam and thus guarantee the performance continuation of the dam. System designed unlike warning optical system capable of imaging in any weather (fog, dust, etc.) and compares the taken image and saved image from a healthy dam, to extract the degradation area in the desired dam.

This paper proposes a scheduling based vehicle routing methodology for disaster damages and relief assessment teams. Relief assessment teams are dispatched in disaster area in order to assess the relief demand.In this process, time is very sensitive so these teams are supposed to collect the information of relief demand as soon as possible. In this paper, a maximum completion time is proposed as objective function. This objective function is used instead of the usual sum of arrival time to show its better performance. This problem is solved using particle swarm optimization, which is a Meta heuristic optimization algorithm. The result of the proposed model is compared to the sum of arrival time. These results show that the proposed model leads to a less completion time during the assessment process rather than the sum of arrival time. This model is solved in two randomly generated networks for evaluating its performance. The results show 10 percent improvement in small network and 16.9 percent in a big (real size) network.

Natural hazard risk assessment helps decision makers for planning and prioritizing disaster management strategies. This paper focuses on the prediction of different scenarios and assessing the risk of soil liquefaction.The vulnerability of the elements due to soil liquefaction was determined. The Gorgan state (1600 km2) in Golestan Province of Iran was considered as a case study for assessing the vulnerability due to this phenomenon. Soil deposits map, ground water depth, and the earthquake acceleration map (based on the occurred historical earthquake points) have been prepared in this study. An empirical liquefaction model as a function of the three studied variables was used to model the liquefaction in four hazard classes using the ArcGIS software. Possible scenarios were determined considering the potential of superposing the peak rate of the ground acceleration and water depth. The area of liquefied zones was estimated using the geographical information systems (GIS). In this study, the collection of data and digital maps using ArcGIS software base as well as the three-parameter model SWM, soil liquefaction hazard zonation map to the area south of Gorgan in Golestan province in Slvlhay 30Ï30 were prepared. According to the results of without risk to very high-risk potential that the area most studied in class is without risk. Aq Qala city limits because of the proximity to the center -discharge is too high earthquake hazard class, and because Gorganrood the scope of this town passes increases the probability of liquefaction.

Human resource is the most important tool for the organizational agility and the most valuable asset in any organization. Since the environmental condition influenced by many factors is constantly changing and evolving, some of these transformations appear suddenly and turn to the crisis and therefore, the management within the organization must be prepared to manage the formed crisis by using the human resources agility.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the human resources agility on improving the crisis management of blood transfusion organization. In this study, referring to the scientific literature and research, Theoretical and scientific background was carefully studied, and the main components and variables were identified, and the questionnaire was prepared and after approval of its content and formal validity, the questionnaire was conducted on all samples. In this study, the human resources agility includes the components of competence and intelligence, employee empowerment, participation in decision-making, knowledge sharing through technology and processes integration and crisis management includes elements of risk taking, prevention and reducing destructive effect, forecasting and early preparation, responsiveness and recovery. The research population consists of managers and experts in Isfahan Blood Transfusion Center and three accidentprone provinces with at least 10 years of experience that is 161 people. In this study, the simple random sampling method is used. The SPSS and AMOS software are used to analyze data and test the research hypotheses.Based on the obtained results, all components of human-resource agility have a significant and positive impact on improving crisis management.

While natural disasters and crisis cause damages and casualties on urban areas and residents, planning and management of natural disaster should be considered as a major approach in all stages of redevelopment plans of urban areas.The role of this issue becomes more critical when the old and heritage areas with disordered planning are considered. This disorderliness could completely interrupt the procedure rescue and relief services during emergency condition. This study aims to present emergency management planning for the fourth district of Mashhad by QSPM and SWOT techniques. This study is an applied research which tries to identify strength, opportunity, weakness and threats for emergency management for old urbanization of fourth district of Mashhad. Then, by using SWOT approach the new policies are introduced. In the next step, QSPM was employed to rank the policies while current situation of study area was evaluated by internal –external matrix. The results showed that the current situation of crisis management in the context of the research area is in the reflection mode. Hence, the following approaches should be considered as redeveloping the land-use policies, promote social justice and expedite the process of modernization and improvement of retrofitting buildings, especially in the context of a crisis management.

While natural disasters and crisis cause damages and casualties on urban areas and residents, planning and management of natural disaster should be considered as a major approach in all stages of redevelopment plans of urban areas.The role of this issue becomes more critical when the old and heritage areas with disordered planning are considered. This disorderliness could completely interrupt the procedure rescue and relief services during emergency condition. This study aims to present emergency management planning for the fourth district of Mashhad by QSPM and SWOT techniques. This study is an applied research which tries to identify strength, opportunity, weakness and threats for emergency management for old urbanization of fourth district of Mashhad. Then, by using SWOT approach the new policies are introduced. In the next step, QSPM was employed to rank the policies while current situation of study area was evaluated by internal –external matrix. The results showed that the current situation of crisis management in the context of the research area is in the reflection mode. Hence, the following approaches should be considered as redeveloping the land-use policies, promote social justice and expedite the process of modernization and improvement of retrofitting buildings, especially in the context of a crisis management.

Tabriz fault is one of the active and dangerous faults in the North West of Iran. The fault crosses the north through the city and put crossing towns at risk. The majority of marginal inhabitants within the city are settled there. Their buildings do not resist the slightest shake. Analysis of seismic data using polynomial regression for predicting future earthquake's magnitude and risks can be helpful to reduce disaster results. First of all, input data are extracted and normalized. At the second step, model is obtained. In the third step, the magnitude of earthquake for the test data is predicated. In the fourth step, the performance of predicting earthquake magnitude is evaluated.Finally, to estimate the magnitude of earthquakes using other attributes a formula is obtained that can be used to estimate the coefficients of each of the independent variables.

Nowadays, there are still too many social and militant violations throughout the world. Otherwise, the existence of different sources of criticality and crisis makes the issue of potential and actual threats very important in the strategic plan of the countries' policy makers. Attacking critical infrastructures and industries is one of the aggressive tools for debilitating countries. Therefore, critical infrastructure security and vulnerability reduction are two articles mentioned in the task force plan of passive defense in Iran. So, recognizing the general vulnerability indexes of industrial complexes is the main purpose of this paper. Consequently, the content analysis method and numerical taxonomy system are employed in this research. The general vulnerability concept is classified in three dimensions of special planning, structural aspect of industrial complexes and susceptibility of an element which shows the likelihood of being exposed to hazards and adversary attacks. Finally, the identification of vulnerability indexes was presented through description of these dimensions and effective components on vulnerability.

Nowadays, existing urban network problems and resolving them are nationwide problems. Thus, an events system is one of the most important and most expensive units in urban service companies. In urban networks' infrastructure during events, access to spatial data and suitable, descriptive and relevant to the current situation on the event site is essential. National Iranian Gas Company by having more than 17, 000 km of gas pipelines, it has one of the largest collections of the spatial and attribute data. During an incidence of events in many cases need to cut off gas in part that damaged, so identify the closest valves to the event site is one of the most important factors. In this study, it was shown that volunteered data can be much useful to identify the closest valves to the event and using Volunteered Geographic Information environments and native people information could be a faster and more cost-efficient way to update the maps and expedite the process of servicing in the gas urban network during occurrence of problems such as gas pipes' leakage, pipes rupture and in general occurrence of the event. People by observing such events, their information shared on this system and of course the relevant authorities after becoming aware, can do necessary action. After modeling and design of the proposed system, it was implemented in the frameworks and softwares cited in article. Finally, according to the questionnaire survey from people, about 83 percent of participants in the survey were satisfied with the designed system. Furthermore, based on the interview results from seven water organization experts, five of them were satisfied with designing such a system.