Journal of Diabetes Nursing
Year:2021 | Volume:9 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

Introduction: Self-care activities have been used as a framework for patient-centered diabetes education. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients who take a more active role in their care process achieve better health outcomes. The present study aimed to design a systematic review of scientific resources over the past decade to identify variables that determine self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: MeSH keywords were applied to search several databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Med line, DOAJ, Oxford, and the Scientific Information Database for English and Persian language studies between August 2010 and 2019. The process of conducting and reporting this systematic review was guided according to the statements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The literature search yielded 1, 813 publications, of which 62 were included in this study after eliminating non-relevant and overlapping papers. A total of 18 factors and variables determining selfcare behaviors were obtained in patients with T2D. The most influential variables were self-efficacy, knowledge, level of education, age, duration of diabetes, and health literacy. Conclusion: In sum, six main factors were identified as determinants of self-care behaviors in patients with T2D which self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of self-care and is expected to be considered in designing and implementing educational programs and behavior change in diabetic patients. Further studies in the future may support the findings of this review study.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a degree of glucose intolerance that is first diagnosed or developed during pregnancy due to the inability of the pancreas to secrete more insulin to respond to increased insulin resistance or decreased insulin sensitivity. Many studies have shown that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction can have a variety of adverse effects on the outcomes of pregnancy and offspring. In the present study, the relationship between gestational diabetes and thyroid hormone levels was investigated in pregnant women in Zabol. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 252 pregnant women (87 with and 165 without GDM) were randomly admitted during 2020. The serum levels of FBS, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 22). Results: The mean TSH levels in the case and control groups were 2. 75 ±,1. 56 and 1. 78 ±,1. 07 μ, IU/mL, respectively, which was significantly higher in the case group (P < 0. 00). Mean FT4 levels were 1. 5 ±,0. 61 and 1. 4 ±,0. 68 ng/ in case and control groups, respectively which were not statistically different in both groups (P = 0. 25). Among patients with GDM, 16 (12. 48%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 6 (7. 69%) had clinical hypothyroidism, while among non-GDM patients, 7 (4. 24%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 4 (2. 42%) had clinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion: These findings indicate a significant association between hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes. Therefore, accurate measurement and evaluation of thyroid hormones during pregnancy, especially in diabetic mothers, is recommended for better management and its prognosis.

Introduction: Acceptance and commitment therapy has been used as one of the effective methods for the treatment and reduction of psychological symptoms of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the self-care and psychological capital of patients with diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pre-test-post-test control group design and follow-up period (3months). For this purpose, 30 people with type 2 diabetes who had a medical record in Shahrekord Diabetes Association were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (n=15 in each group). The data collection tools included a self-care questionnaire and psychological capital which were completed by the participants. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20). Results: The results showed a significant difference in psychological capital between the two study groups in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0. 05). Moreover, the difference between the self-care of the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages was significant (P<0. 05). Furthermore, the effect of the intervention was stable in the experimental group, and there was a significant difference between the groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of acceptance and commitment therapy, along with medical therapies, can enhance self-care capacity and psychological capital in diabetes patients.

Introduction: Complications and problems of diabetes can be controlled by following the treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of stress inoculation treatment on adherence to the treatment among type II diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin index. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study included patients with type 2 diabetes having a record in the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mahallat, Iran, in 2009-2010. The samples (n=50) were selected by convenience sampling method and matched in experimental and control groups. The research instruments included a questionnaire of adherence to treatment and a glycated hemoglobin test for both groups. Stress inoculation training techniques were performed in ten 90-minute sessions for the experimental group. After the administration of treatment in both groups, the questionnaire and blood test were performed again to evaluate glycated hemoglobin. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean scores of adherence to medication treatment (P=0. 0001) and adherence to diet (P=0. 0001) in the intervention group were increased, compared to the control group, which was statistically significant. Based on the results, a significant decrease was observed in the mean of glycosylated hemoglobin in the intervention group, compared to the control group (P=0. 0001). However, the decrease in the mean of adherence to treatment in physical activity was not significant (P=0. 062). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, stress inoculation training can be used to control glycosylated hemoglobin.

Introduction: Diabetes, as the most common metabolic disease in the world, poses numerous physical and mental problems to patients. Diabetic patients constitute one of the high-risk groups in the Covid-19 pandemic and need special health care. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Covid-19-related anxiety and quality of life with the mediating role of sleep quality in people with diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was performed on 200 diabetic people aged 25-70 years who were referred to the Sirjan Diabetes Association affiliated with Sirjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. The data were collected using the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale developed by Alipour et al. with a reliability coefficient of 0. 919, the Diabetes Quality of Life Scale with a reliability of 0. 77, and the Petersburg Sleep Quality Scale with a reliability of 0. 86. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: Based on the findings, Covid-19-related anxiety had a significant inverse correlation with sleep quality and quality of life in people with diabetes,moreover, the quality of sleep had a direct and significant relationship with their quality of life. Furthermore, the findings confirmed the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between Covid-19 anxiety and quality of life in people with diabetes (t≥,1. 96,P≤, 0. 01). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the present study, Covid-19-related anxiety can reduce the quality of life and sleep quality of people with diabetes, and poor sleep quality can reduce the quality of life. Therefore, the critical importance of this issue highlights the necessity of making interventions to improve the quality of life and sleep quality of patients with diabetes during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Falling and fear of falling, especially in the elderly with diabetes, is a common problem. It is highly important to identify people at risk. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the fear of falling and static and dynamic balance in the elderly with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 134 elderly people with type II diabetes were selected. The fear of falling was examined using the Falls Efficiency Scale International, and based on that, patients were divided into two groups, namely with and without fear of falling. Single leg standing and Narrow Path Walking tests were performed for each of the samples in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: Out of 134 elderly people with diabetes, 26. 1% had a history of falling, 70. 9% suffered from neuropathy, and 51. 5% had experienced fear of falling. Static and dynamic balance tests showed a significant difference in the groups with and without fear of falling (P<0. 001). It means that the results of balance tests were poorer in the group with the fear of falling than in the group without the fear of falling. Conclusion: The results showed that static and dynamic balance was significantly weaker in the elderly who had the fear of falling. It is suggested that in addition to psychological counseling for the elderly with diabetes who have the fear of falling, physical and balance exercises be planned and implemented for them.