Ebnesina
Year:2014 | Volume:16 | Issue:1-2 (46-47)|Papers Count:13

Background: Anger and hostility among the anxiety abnormalities have a high association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can predict its persistence symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy on reducing anger and hostility in veterans with PTSD.Materials and methods: The research method was semi experimental (with pre- and post- test) with a control group. Twenty four war veterans with PTSD based on sampling methods were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data were collected by checklist-military and the data of anger and hostility subscales were collected by Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire. Subsequently, the sessions of cognitive processing therapy were carried out for the experimental group in 12 sessions of one hour.Results: The multivariate analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of the experimental group compared with the control group was significantly decreased in anger and hostility (P<0.05).Conclusion: With regard to the negative consequences of anger and hostility in family, social, and occupational relationship in veterans with PTSD, cognitive processing therapy can be used to reduce the symptoms of anger and hostility.

Background: Positive mental health results from experiences during communication that makes a strong and positive sense of self in person. Therefore, it is important for the prevention of social and mental disorders among military personnel more and more obvious. The main objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training on mental health rate of soldiers.Materials and methods: This project was designed as a semi experimental that reside of control groups with pre- and post-test measurements. Population contained of 32 soldiers with a suicide attempt in the Army Headquarters. These were selected in two groups of 16 subjects (test and control groups). Goldberg mental health (GHQ) questionnaire was used and covariance analysis method was used for data analysis.Results: The results disclosed that the average mental health scores than the control group declined, and indicating that the experimental group is healthier. Guard units as same as police units had lower mental health than others.Conclusion: Results showed that problem-solving workshops have an impact on mental health of soldiers. Consultation, guidance and support in a military environment and internal cohesion are the main recommendations of this research to improve the mental health of military personnel.

Background: Asymmetrical activation of brain hemisphere has been one of the dominant factors that involved in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is assessment the defected lateralization of the brain`s hemispheres in psychiatric inpatient.Also in this study, the dominance in eye, foot, and hand in healthy and psychiatric inpatient has been compared.Materials and methods: Totally, 113 pre-university students (65 males and 48 females) and 83 psychiatric inpatients (57 males and 26 females)were selected with purposive sampling. We have used psychiatric diagnostic interview and long form MMPI-II test and Millon-III test to detecting mental disorders and screening healthy persons. Edinburg`s hand dominance test and chapman's foot dominance has been used. Also the scientific method of watching through a hole is used in order to determining the dominance of eyes.Results: The comparing of limb dominance in healthy samples and psychiatric inpatients showed that there was a significance difference of brain asymmetrical activity between healthy samples and psychiatric inpatients regarding their eye dominance (P=0.01).It was determined that left eye dominance in psychiatric inpatients was more common. However, no significant difference was found in hand and foot between two groups.Conclusion: Our findings proved that left eye dominance is more common in psychiatric inpatient.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is disabling and distressing for the affected person. The purpose of this study was to develop and validation a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for obsessive- compulsive disorder.Materials and methods: Totally, 635 participants (304 male and 331 female) were randomly selected and the instruments (OCI-R, DAS, CDS, ATQ, MCQ and OCBS) were administered on them. To test the factor structure validity of the model of metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral for obsessive–compulsive disorder were used of structure Analyses.Results: The results of this study showed that cognitive factor through metacognitive and behavior mediators affected on the symptoms of the obsessive-compulsive disorder.And theresults of the structural equation modeling supported a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also, the results showed that the model had the best fit to the data and is closely related to the theoretical assumptions.Conclusion: The model presented in this study illustrates a multidimensional approach that the model focuses on the metacognitive -cognitive-behavioraldimensions; hence, the model presented in this study is a new explanatory model. The model may prompt future research into obsessive–compulsive disorder and facilitate clinical treatment and case formulation.

Background: Obviously, stress is an integral part of human life. This study was aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits and stress among the employees of the air corps base in Kerman.Materials and methods: The study was descriptive and the correlational kind. The participants were 250 employees of Kerman air corps base that were selected by simple randomized sampling method and they were measured by the NEO personality trait questionnaire and the inventory of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) and data by using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as stepwise regression were analyzed.Results: The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between neuroticism personality trait and the employees’ stress. In addition, there is a significant and negative relationship between the extroversion, openness, and conscientiousness types of personality traits and stress.Conclusion: It is concluded that the employees become more neurotic personality type, they become more stressful and with the increase of extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness their stress is decreased.

Background: Nowadays, Suicide is a major public health problem in the worldwide, and an important complication of the industrial world. On the other hand, in military forces, suicide is a mental health problem because these groups have familiar with the use of weapons, the high stress level situations, and a distinct situation from the others. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of problem solving skills in the adjustment and reduction of suicidal ideation of soldiers.Materials and methods: This study was a semi-experimental study (pre- and post- test with control group). Totally, 500 soldiers at a military barracks that having suicidal ideation were studied, and among them 90 soldiers who have had suicidal ideation were screened and then were randomly divided into two groups (the control group and problem solving group). Both groups were measured twice, once in the pre-test and once in the post-test, finally their rates of suicidal ideation were compered. The problem solving skills was conducted only for treatment groups and control group did not receive any training. Beck’s Suicidal Ideation Scale was used to measure suicidal ideation. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and covariance methods were used.Results: The mean age of experimental group and control group were 23.51 ± 2.418 and 23.02±2.241, respectively. The groups had no difference in age and education. The results showed that problem-solving skills training is effective in reducing suicidal thoughts in soldiers (p<0.01). In other words, suicidal ideation had a significant decrease in problem solving groups compared with the control group.Conclusion: Problem-solving skills training can be effective in reducing suicidal thoughts of soldiers. It is suggested that the protocol of problem-solving skills be used to raise hopes and reduce thoughts and suicide attempts.

Background: Studies have shown that religiosity was protective factor in diseases and psychology disorders. Thus assessment of religious attitude among young population is important. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and psychometric properties of a religious attitude questionnaire in order to produce an appropriate local instrument for measuring religious attitudes.Materials and methods: Totally, 428 new incoming students of Tehran University in 2011 were selected through quota and weighted sampling and answered 25 items religious attitude scale. In order to examine the construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed and Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the reliability.Results: The population was composed of 428 students with mean age of 23.2±5.1 years. The majority of them were single (%91) and unemployed (%81.1), and coming from township (%60). The descriptive statistics of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate three factors with %65 of the variance and 0.96 of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index. The components included religion as a supporting factor in life, religion as an internal need, and secularity. These components were approved by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured at 0.94 using Cronbach's alpha.Conclusion: Meanwhile the validity and reliability questionnaire indices have been reported as a desirable level, this 25-questioned religious attitude questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for measuring religious attitudes.

Background: It has been proved that emotion regulation plays an important role in adaptation to the stressful life events. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in soldiers with behavioral problems and healthy people.Materials and Methods: In this causal-comparative (ex-post facto) study, 60 soldiers with behavioral problems and 60 healthy people were selected by purposive sampling. The tools employed in this research are CERQ-Short form and demographic questionnaires and the data provided was analyzed by descriptive statistic (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) alongside inferential statistic (means’ comparison, MANOVA) measures using SPSS software (version 21).Results: Results showed significant difference between the cognitive emotion regulation strategies in soldiers with behavioral problems and healthy people; Moreover, results indicated that soldiers with behavioral problems facing the negative life events use the cognitive emotion of regulation negative strategies, but healthy people use the cognitive emotion regulation positive strategies Conclusion: soldiers with behavioral problems in facing the negative life events, they use the cognitive emotion regulation maladaptive and negative strategies.

Background: The family is the smallest and almost fundamental community in all societies and cultures, and its mental health has influence on bigger communities. The happiness level is the most significant issue that is related to human health, especially women in the family whose happiness is related to their spouse's gratitude. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between gratitude, happiness and mental health among women in military families.Materials and methods: In a correlation descriptive study, 302 women of 1400 wives were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from military families in west of Tehran in 2013. To collect data, Goldberg's general health questionnaire and Oxford happiness questionnaire and Gratitude questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using the Pierson’s correlation coefficient and Stepwise regression analysis.Results: There was a positive correlation between gratitude and happiness (p=0.01). There was a negative correlation (regarding the method of scoring) between gratitude, happiness and mental health among women in military families.Conclusion: The happiness parameter can predict the women’s mental health.

Background: With regard to the importance of mental health in student category particularly for military students, owing to the stress and tension in the military atmosphere which leading to insecurity, reducing the efficiency, and anxiety in these students, therefore this study has been done to investigate the prevalence of state and trait anxiety and its relationship with demographic variables in nursing students of elected military medical university.Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, 130 nursing students of elected military medical university were selected by census method. Data collection tools included the researcher made demographic questionnaire and Spielberger State-Trait anxiety inventory that included 40 questions. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 18 and descriptive statistics were calculated.Results: The results showed that 98.5% of the students had a moderate to high to extreme anxiety state and 98.5% of these students had moderate to very severe anxiety. There was a significant association between dormitory residency and state-trait anxiety, as the anxiety level was higher in dormitory resident student.Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of anxiety and likely to exacerbate the problem in the period of responsibility, therefore screening methods and increasing students’ mental health in is essential. So, it is suggested thatusing methods for reducing anxiety such as improving the environment conditions.

Background: Aluminum phosphide or rice tablet is a solid disinfectant that globally used to protect cereal crops from insects and rodents. However in recent years, due to its easy accessibility; the youth used it for suicide. In this study, related factors in pulmonary edema and aspiration pneumonia among rice tablet poisonings were investigated.Materials and methods: This study examined the clinical records of 67 patients with acute oral toxicity as a result of consumption aluminum phosphide admitted in Bahrlo hospital as well as 28 files of autopsy in Kahrizak forensic research center. Recorded data included patients’ gender, aspiration pneumonia, and pulmonary edema. The data was analyzed using the software SPSS ver.16.Results: All patients received standard conservative therapy. Out of 67 patients, 30 (%44.8) were male. A significant correlation was also found between patients’ age and aspiration pneumonia (p=0.035), so that the older patients have more possibility to engage the aspiration pneumonia. The mean age of patients with and without aspiration pneumonia was 36.75±14.45 and 24.92±10.43. In addition, the mortality risk was 1.5 times more in patients with pulmonary edema.Conclusion: Aluminum phosphide poisoning is a topical issue in public health. This study investigated some consequences of aluminum phosphide consumption. The results of this study can help to facilitate the prevention and treatment of rice tablet poisoning.