Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain
Year:2022 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Aims and background: Chronic neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Many studies have reported the effect of exercise on pain, but given the increase in neck arch, hyperkyphosis, and scapular function that are associated with pain-related postural changes, it seems that the study of pain changes with forward head posture, hyper-kyphosis, and The purpose of the present study was to review the study of the effect of exercise therapy on pain and head angle and hyperkyphosis and scapular function in people with chronic neck pain. Materials and Methods: Search with related keywords was done in all years and in PEDRO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Noormags, Magiran, Trip Database databases. Studies investigating the effect of various types of exercise interventions on pain and Forward head angle, hyperkyphosis and scapular function in people with chronic neck pain were included in the study. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of selected articles. results: 97 studies were reviewed, of which five studies with inclusion criteria (score higher than 5 on the Pedro scale) were selected for review. There were many differences in the methodology, the main index being evaluated, the number of samples, the method of implementation, the method of evaluating the variables, etc. in the studies. In people with chronic neck pain, exercise reduced pain, forward angle and correction of neck deformity. And studies that showed a reduction in the forward angle and correction of anomalies after exercise had a greater reduction in neck pain. Conclusion: It seems that exercise can reduce the pain associated with abnormalities in people with chronic neck pain.

Aims and background: Gluteal to tensor index indicates the electrical activition ratio of gluteal to tensor fasciae latae muscles, that the normalized electrical activity is used. The role of hip muscles in improving function and preventing injury is also considerable in the rehabilitation process of injury in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. This study aimed to compare the effect of corrective exercises with gluteal to tensor activation index above and below that 50 on pain, range of motion and two-dimensional kinematics of walking in women with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Material and Methods: Forty-five women with nonspecific chronic low back pain age ranged from 30 to 45 years selected and were randomly divided into one of three groups of (control, n=15 and two experimental groups (corrective exercises with gluteal index to upper n= 15 and lower tensor n=15)). Exercise interventions were performed for eight weeks under the supervision of the researcher. In this study, which was a pre-test and post-test, visual analog scale, Roland Morris questionnaire, Goniometro video camera was used. Result: The results showed that both training interventions (correction exercises with gluteal index to tensor above and below 50) reduced pain, improved range of motion and kinematics of walking, but the group of gluteal index exercises to tensor above 50 effectiveness has greater improvement of the mentioned variables. Discussion: Findings indicate the superior effectiveness of gluteal to tensor index above 50 intervention group in reduction of pain, improvement of range of motion and kinematics of gait in relation to the other experimental group, therefore using this intervention as a complementary therapy along with other effective training interventions for patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain was recommended.

Aims and background: This study aimed to investigate the comparison of isokinetic parameters of hip and knee joint muscles in professional soccer players with athletic groin pain (AGP) and healthy ones. Material and Methods: 32 soccer players (control group (n=16) and AGP group (n=16)) who take part in the first and second division league participated in this study. The isokinetic dynamometer with a speed of 90 degrees per second was used to evaluate the selected isokinetic parameters. results: The independent sample T-test showed that the mean power and rate of torque development in concentric contraction except in knee flexors muscles was significantly higher in the control group. The relative peak of torque in the adductor muscles group in concentric contraction and the hip and knee flexor-extensor groups in concentric and eccentric contraction was also significantly higher in the control group than the AGP ones. In the control group, the hip extensor muscle torque in concentric contraction occurred significantly at higher flexion range of motion. The acceleration time of the knee extensor muscle group in concentric and eccentric contraction and the adductor group in concentric contraction was significantly shorter than the APG group. Conclusion: The present study’, s findings showed that athletic groin pain could affect the isokinetic profile of the hip and knee joint muscles, which were more pronounced in concentric contraction. It is suggested that coaches pay special attention to concentric contractions in the final stages of an athlete’, s back to the sport.

Aims and background: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in athletics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Movement-Pattern Training on range of motion of the knee joint in the frontal level in athletes with nonspecific chronic low back pain during sing-leg landing. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was carried out in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 2018. Firstly, 30 males with non-specific chronic low back pain were selected with available sampling and then they randomly divided into control (15 subjects) and experimental (15 subjects) groups. Tests were done in pre and post-tests form. Movement pattern exercises were performed on experimental group over a 6-week period. Ethically, the training protocol was done on waiting control group after post-test. Post hok Co-variance was used for statistical analysis of data. results: The results showed that movement pattern training reduces the motion range of knee joint in the frontal level of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (P=0. 000, d=3. 94 high effect size). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the exercises of the movement pattern have caused significant changes in motion range of knee joint at the frontal level. It could be beneficial for future researches in order to prevent and treat the low back pain of individuals.

Aims and background: The aim of this study was to present a structural model of pain perception based on childhood trauma, early maladaptive schemas mediating emotion regulation in people with chronic pain. Material and Method: The research method is correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of all clients to Tehran clinic in 2020, of which 300 (175 females and 125 males) were selected by available sampling method and were selected by Granovsky and Kerr emotional cognitive regulation questionnaires. Stages (2006), Young’, s early maladaptive schemas (1991), Bernstein’, s childhood trauma (2003) and visual scale of pain assessment responded. They were analyzed. result: The findings indicated that emotion regulation (adapted and non adapted) leaders played a mediating role in pain perception with early maladaptive schemas and childhood trauma in patients with chronic pain. Conclusion: It can be stated that people’, s tendency to use adaptive and uncompromising cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be a determining factor in the effect of maladaptive schemas and childhood trauma on the perception of chronic pain.

Aims and background: When painful stimulations are constantly perceived by the pain sensation system, pain management becomes more difficult and pain will turn from acute to chronic. Therefore, prevention and management of acute pain will ultimately reduce both acute and chronic pain in patients and the development of appropriate analgesia during surgery and subsequent pain control is important in healing process. (5, 6). Appropriate analgesia during painful stimulations of surgery and reducing postoperative pain is one of the constant challenges of anesthesia (7) and every year many researches are conducted on anesthetic compounds with the aim of achieving the best compounds for the most impressive effects in different animals. Amantadine is an antiviral medicine, it is used to prevent or treatment of type A influenza infection (1, 2, 3) and a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptor(4), which increases dopamine release and prevents dopamine reuptake, which also acts as an anti-Parkinson agent. Because of its NMDA receptor antagonist characteristics, Amantadine may improve analgesia when administered with meloxicam preemptively. This study aimed to evaluate the pre-emptive analgesic effect of Amantadine in female rabbits, underwent ovariohysterectomy. Material and Methods: Twenty female rabbits were randomly divided to four groups of five. The first group (KXD) received Ketamine-Xylazine-Diazepam at the time of surgery, without any additional analgesic drug. Second group (M-KXD) received 0. 5 mg/kg subcutaneous Meloxicam, one hour before surgery and then KetamineXylazine-Diazepam at the time of surgery. Third group (A-KXD) received 5 mg/kg oral Amantadine once in a day, during five days before surgery and Ketamine-Xylazine-Diazepam at the time of surgery. Fourth group (AM-KXD) received 0. 5 mg/kg subcutaneous Meloxicam, one hour before surgery and 5 mg/kg oral Amantadine once in a day, five days before surgery and then Ketamine-Xylazine-Diazepam at the time of surgery. Heart rate, respiration rate and, SpO2 were recorded and intraoperative pain was evaluated in chronographic assign such as skin incision, white line incision, ovarian pedicle ligature and cervix ligature. Results: There was significant difference in the heart rate in moments of white line incision and ovarian pedicle ligature between the groups, as first group (KSD) had significantly higher heart rate than the other groups. Third (A-KXD) and forth groups (AM-KXD) had slower heart rate in moment of cervix ligature than first (KXD) and second (M-KXD) groups. Respiration rate was significantly higher in first group (KSD) than other groups in moments of white line incision and ovarian pedicle ligature. There were no significant differences in Spo2 measurement between groups. Conclusion: Results of this animal study showed the preemptive visceral analgesic effects of Amantadine as an adjuvant to Meloxicam administration, compared to Meloxicam alone and suggesting the use of multiple daily oral Amantadine before a single dose of Meloxicam prior to ovariohysterectomy operation.

Aims and background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on demoralization syndrome & pain catastrophizing in men with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow up control group design. Thirty people with inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method from all men with MS in Tabriz in 1399 who were members of the MS Association of this city, and were randomly divided into two experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received compassion-focused therapy in 8 sessions of 1. 5 hours (2 months, one session per week), but the control group did not receive any treatment. Members in both groups responded to the 24-items Demoralization Syndrome and 13-items Pain Catastrophizing before, after and 4 months after the intervention. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test. results: In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of the experimental group were 46. 67±, 6. 29 for demoralization syndrome and 39. 73±, 4. 74 for pain catastrophizing,And the control group were 47. 13±, 5. 27 for demoralization syndrome and 38. 67±, 5. 02 for pain catastrophizing (P>0. 05). Compassion-focused therapy (demoralization syndrome 38. 00±, 5. 58 & pain catastrophizing 31. 60±, 4. 92) compared to the control group (demoralization syndrome 47. 60±, 5. 26 & pain catastrophizing 38. 53±, 4. 85) reduced demoralization syndrome and pain catastrophizing of men with multiple sclerosis after the test (p<0. 001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of compassion-focused therapy on demoralization syndrome 38. 20±, 5. 53 and pain catastrophizing 31. 87±, 4. 96 was lasting (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that compassion-focused therapy has reduced demoralization syndrome and pain catastrophizing in men with multiple sclerosis.

Aims and background: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of MBCT with ACT on intensity of pain experience & psychological well-being of patients with spinal cord injury. Material and Methods: The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow up with the control group. The population of the study consisted of patients with spinal cord injury who referred to welfare counseling centers in Tabriz in year 2021. In total, 30 people were selected by using simple random sampling and randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups received their group-specific treatment in 8 sessions 1. 5 hours. Measuring instruments were visual measurement of pain and Reef’, s psychological well-being questionnaire. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test. results: In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of MBCT for intensity of pain experience was (8. 50±, 1. 08) and for psychological well-being was (46. 10±, 6. 83),in ACT for intensity of pain experience was (8. 70±, 1. 16) and for psychological well-being was (45. 50±, 6. 31),and in the control group for intensity of pain experience was (8. 40±, 0. 96) & for psychological well-being was (44. 50±, 6. 68). Both treatments compared to the control group, reduced intensity of pain experience and increased psychological well-being of patients after the test (p<0. 001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on intensity of pain experience and psychological wellbeing was lasting (p<0. 001). The effect of these two treatments on intensity of pain experience and psychological well-being on posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0. 05). Conclusion: MBCT and ACT increased the acceptance of the disease in patients with spinal cord injury,thus, they can be considered useful treatment strategies to improve the mental status of this patients.

Aims and background: The , aim , of , the , present , study , was , to , compare , the , efficacy , of , MBCT , with , ACT , on , intensity , of ,pain , catastrophizing , & , resilience , of , patients , with , spinal , cord , injury. Material and Methods: , The , method , of , this , study , was , semi-experimental , with , pre-test, , post-test , and , follow , up , with , the ,control , group. , The , population , of , the , study , consisted , of , patients , with , spinal , cord , injury , who , referred , to , welfare , counseling ,centers , in , Tabriz , in , year , 2021. , In , total, , 45 , people, , They , were , selected , by , using , simple , random , sampling , and , randomly ,divided ,into ,three ,groups. ,The ,experimental ,groups ,received ,their ,group-specific ,treatment ,in ,8 ,sessions ,1. 5 ,hours. ,Measuring , instruments , were , pain , catastrophizing , of , sullivan , et , al , and , conner , and , davidson , resilience , questionnaires. ,Analysis , of , findings , through , repeated , measures , analysis , of , variance , & , Bonferroni , post , hoc , test. Results: , In , the , pretest, , mean , and , standard , deviation , of , MBCT , for , pain , catastrophizing , was , (38/33±, 4/63) , & , for , resilience ,was , (42/80±, 4/69), , in , ACT , for , for , pain , catastrophizing , was , (37/53±, 4/71) , & , for , resilience , was , (42/20±, 4/57), , and , in , the ,control , group , for , pain , catastrophizing , was , (37/93±, 4/83) , & , for , resilience , was , (43/73±, 4/60). , Both , treatments , compared , to ,the , control , group, , reduced , pain , catastrophizing , and , increased , resilience , of , patients , after , the , test , (p<0. 001). , In , the , followup , phase, , the , effect , of , these , two , treatments , on , pain , catastrophizing , and , resilience , was , lasting , (p<0. 001). , The , effect , of ,these , two , treatments , on , pain , catastrophizing , and , resilience , at , posttest , and , follow-up , was , not , different , (p>0. 05). Conclusion: MBCT , and , ACT , increased , the , acceptance , of , the , disease , in , patients , with , spinal , cord , injury, , thus, , they , can ,be , considered , useful , treatment , strategies , to , improve , the , mental , status , of , this , patients.

Aims and background: Due to the role of insulin in control of the blood sugar and its widespread use, it is very important to fine-tune the amount of insulin that should reach the patient so that the patient is not exposed to the complications of non-regulation of blood sugar. Research has shown that the choice of solution and serum containers is effective on patient’, s access to insulin. Our goal is to compare the degree of insulin adhesion to the walls of glass and plastic containers. Material and Method: First, 3 one-lit glass and plastic containers containing5%dextrose were prepared and 300 mu of regular insulin was added to them. 2cc albumin and plasma were added to glass and plastic containers No23. At time0, sampling was done from the end of the set, then the10cc/min flow was maintained and the sampling was repeated at 30-60min. Insulin concentration in the samples were assessed by insulin test kits and the data were analyzed by various tests. results: At time 0, 50% adhesion was observed in glass containers and75% in plastic containers (P<0. 05). At 0-30, there was no significant difference in insulin levels between glass and plastic containers(P>0. 05). Mean insulin decreased significantly(P<0. 05) in glass containers during 60 min but increased(P>0. 05) in plastic containers. In general, during one hour, the trend of changes in mean insulin in containers was significant(P<0. 05). Discussion: The highest amount of wall adhesion occurs at time0, which is significantly higher in plastic containers than glass. After one hour, a decrease in insulin content occurs significantly in glass containers, while in plastic containers, the amount of insulin increases slightly.