Financial Economics
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:8

Oil and nuclear energy as a strategic commodity, is closely linked to economic and political relations. Given the degree of development of countries, the sensitivity will be different for nuclear energy in the country. This article uses econometric techniques with panel data approach applying the fixed and random effects model analysis of economic growth and oil prices on Nuclear Energy for 28 countries use of nuclear energy for years 2009-1980. The results show that the economic growth positive and oil prices On the contrary negatively impact on nuclear energy. The consumer countries of nuclear energy to replace nuclear energy with the displacement of oil, the two are complementary.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between financial development and economic growth. To achieve this, we considered the rate of income growth of selected firms as the dependent variable and investigated the effect of the ratio of credit banking expansion to private sector to GDP as an indicator of financial development on it. The method is descriptive and analytical. Time series data of the central bank and cross-sectional data of twenty four active company in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 1380-1386 in three distinct groups of petrochemicals and oil, cement and medical products has been extracted from Tehran Stock Exchange organization publishment and by theorical and experimental principals, appropriate model in the form of regression equation based on the theory of financial management company has been estimated by panel data method. The findings show that financial development has been significant positive effect on economic growth in three selected groups.

The economy of every country is composed of different parts, the relationship among which determines the economics direction of that country. The capital market together with money market make up the financial market as the fundamental basics of an economy. Their operation has significant influence on the growth and development of the economy. In cases where there is no constructive relationship between the financial market and other parts of the economy, economic performance might be subject to distortions. The stock market as a fundamental basic of the financial market has a crucial role in facilitation of investments in the capital market. Given the importance of expectations in different economic fields, the main purpose of this study is to project behavior of the Tehran stock exchange price index. Therefore, after a review of dominant economic theories, we use a new method, artificial neural network GMDH, to forecast the impact of macroeconomic variable on the Tehran stock exchange price index. The GMDH Algorithm is a nonlinear model to anticipate complex systematic relationships between variables of the model. The special feature of this deductive algorithm is recognition and screening of the most effective variable to estimate the model with training samples and omit the non-significant ones from the simulation process with testing samples. So, we can solve the model via iterative methods to minimize the typical standard Error like RMSE, MAPE, and so on.

The environmental problems especially climate changes due to significant increase in green housegases, have been a global problem in last few decads. Among the green housegases, carbondioxid (co2) is the most important.The average co2 emission is increased from 607 kg in 1967 (1346) to 4977.7 kg in 2003 (1382) and 6881.7 kg in 2007 (1386) respectively. It shows that co2 emissionrate is 11 times. The social costs for deterioration of environmental due to consumption of fossil fules in 2007 (1386) in Iran for SPM, CO2, SO2, NOX, is about 92195 Bilion Iranian Rials which equals to 19.3% of GDP. The CO2 portion has been 39381 Bilion Iranian Rials which is about 9414 Bilion Iranian Rials was emitted by power plants. Therefore, the factors that affecting co2 emission, should be studied considering high rate of co2 production in Iran especially by power plants. In this research by means of algebraic decomposition methods the observed changes are analyzed in to five different factors: production effect, structural effect, energy intensity effect and ful mix effect. This research has been done for period of 2001-2006 (1380-1385) for the Iranian power plants. The research shows that out put effect was the most effect on increasing co2 emissions. And co2 emissions are possible to decrease without decrease out put if structural and efficiency energy and ful mix improves.

High rates of wastes in rice Conversion Industries at Gilan Province Resulting huge losses to the economy of the farmers and reveals low productivity of factors are used in processing paddy to white rice. So Any change in efficient and effective use of inputs Depends on measuring total production system productivity and to identify factors affecting it.The main goal of this research is measurement of productivity and evaluate of factors affecting on it in Gilan province rice conversion industries. A survey was conducted and the required data were collected by questionnaire from 130 samples determined through stratified sampling method. We have used Production Function to measure productivity and evaluate of factors affecting and for ranking of factories Data Envelopment Analysis method have been used. Results showed that length of paddy on the surface of dryer machine, Technology gap and gap between actual and potential production have negative effect and factors such as capital intensive, using native varieties, education of factory manager and ratio of paddy purchased by factory to total consumed paddy have positive effect on TFP.

Car industry constitutes a major part of economic activities and is deeply linked to other economical sectors. This industry is a mirror reflecting the general situation of each country’s industries. Car manufacturing industry is forced to renovate due to parametes effective on its products demand. Sedan car comprises a specific share of the family consumption expenditure among durable goods. The payments that the consumer bears for acquiring a sedan car which meets its needs depend on a set of parameters that identifies the car by such features. The Hedonic method is a method that considers the goods price a function of all its specifications and features and by this method you may study the priorities and interests of applicants. The implicit prices that are achieved in Hedonic method is an estimate of family’s final desire to pay for car specifications which in fact the priorities of the family to choose the car will be determined by determination of the final desire to pay the price. In this research a full logarithmic model for estimation of Hedonic price model has been used in 3 section levels of 2006, 2008, 2010. The statistical population consists of 30 car models manufactured and assembled by sedan car manufacturing factories in Iran. Among the features presented for the car, 5 features group have a meaningful effect on the sedan car price among which we can point to the size of car which has the highest effect on car price and the consumer has the highest tendency for paying for this feature.

In this study, the effective factors on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) with the emphasis on human capital indices, technology and management among twenty selected pharmaceutical industries of Iran in the period of 2000-2007, have been studied. Total Factor Productivity is measured by Divisia method, and effective factors on Total Factor Productivity have been identified with the use of Panel data technique. The effective factors on Total Factor Productivity in estimated pattern are as below:The percentage of the high-educated employed people (official education), per capita cost for educational enterprise (unofficial education), research and development capital stock, output value, cumulative number of the new products, the ratio of advertisement cost and marketing to enterprise output value and utilization rate of capacity.The studying results show significant and positive effects of the below factors: The percentage of the high-educated employed people, per capita cost for educational enterprise, research and development capital stock, output value and utilization rate of capacity to Total Factor Productivity and the negative effect of cumulative number of the new products and the ratio of advertisement cost and marketing to enterprise output value. So, technical progress by different ways (human capital progress, technology and management) has been effective to productivity improvement. Among mentioned factors, the percentage of the high-educated employed people, enterprise production index and utilization rate of capacity have had the most significant effect on total productivity.

Agricultural section is one of the important sections in economy that in which study of the relationship between export and economic growth is very important. In this survey export demand function of date, apple and pistachio products have been estimated by using panel data method. Information used is related to 1999-2008 period. And cross sections used in these models are four major commercial partners' countries which have been the importer of these products from Iran. Also by using RCA and RSCA indexes comparative advantage of Iran has been estimated. Then by using three indexes -CR, HHI, importing demand index- goal markets of these three products has been studied. The countries below are introduced as new markets by using these indexes. Results of this study showed that exporting prices have negative and significant effect and also GDP has positive and significant effect on these products’ exporting demand. Results showed that in this period Iran had comparative advantage in these products. And results showed that goal market for exporting pistachios are Denmark, Ireland and, New Zealand, for exporting date are countries like Spain, Italy, Mali and, Thailand, and for exporting apple, are countries like Italy, Netherlands, Spain and, Belgium as new markets.