Sport Sciences and Health Research
Year:2009 | Volume:- | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence and causes of sport injuries in physical education students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The subjects were 138 students of physical education in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (1386-1387) who passed two third of their practical lessons. As the size of subjects was low, census method was used (mean±SD: age=22.4±1.2 yrs, weight=63.6±12.7 kg, height=169±7.9 cm). The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its content validity was approved by an expert panel (five experts), and internal consistency analysis showed Cronbach's alpha as 0.9.Muscular and tendon injuries were the most prevalent types of injuries. Strain and contusion were the most common types of muscular and tendon injuries.Handball was the most prevalent type of sport field. The rate of injuries was higher in second semester. There was no significant difference in the frequency of injuries between spring and autumn semesters as well as between male injured students and female ones. There was a significant difference in the frequency of injuries during the semester, in various times of education and various phases of a training session. There was no significant relationship between age and BMI with frequency of sport injuries. According to these results and consequent risks of sport injuries which threaten the students of physical education, more attention to practical syllabus seems necessary.

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG changes in rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES) muscles when carrying backpacks, shoulder bags and hand bags (a load equal to 10% of body weight) in male elementary school students. Twenty subjects with mean age of 9.5 years were voluntarily selected. The EMG activity of these muscles was recorded bilaterally by an EMG recorder system during 1 minute of direct standing, immediately after 15 minutes of carrying each bag on a treadmill at 1.1 m/s speed. The analysis of data by ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that shoulder bag carrying induced asymmetrical activity of right and left parts in both RA and ES muscles. The hand bag carrying induced an increase in this asymmetry so that the EMG level in both muscles increased significantly at contra lateral part of the bag and decreased significantly at the ipsilateral part of the bag. While carrying backpacks, the EMG activity level of ES had a slight significant decrease but RA muscle observed a slight significant increase. The EMG activity of right and left parts in both ES and RA muscles was symmetric when carrying backpacks. According to the results of this study, backpacks can be suggested as the best mode of schoolbags, because it minimizes the asymmetry of muscle activity and the physical stress due to carrying schoolbags.

The aim of this study was to compare the scapula position and the endurance of scapula retractor muscles in hyperkyphotic and normal female students. The method of this study was descriptive in nature and comparative. The method of subject collection was purposive. So, 60 girls (20-24 years old) who had no record of sport activities were selected as the sample and they were divided into hyperkyphotic and normal groups using Iranian thoracic hyperkyphosis degree norm. Scapula protraction degree and the endurance of retractor muscles in both groups were measured. The SPSS package version 16 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that scapula protraction degree in hyperkyphotic group was higher than normal group and the subjects of this group had lower muscular endurance in retractor muscles when compared to normal group. It can be stated that in hyperkyphotic group, scapula bones move away from its normal position and the endurance of retractor muscles decreases. It is recommended that corrective exercise programs include exercises to strengthen posterior shoulder girdle muscles and to make scapulas retracted (close to each other) in order to correct hyperkyphotic abnormality.

The purpose of this study was to compare vertical jump height in normal feet position (15o external rotation) (N), 15o internal rotation (parallel feet position) (par), 30º internal rotation (IR) and free jumping position (F). This pre-experimental study was performed on 118 volunteers of both sexes who aged between 19 and 27. The Sargent protocol was used to measure the height of jumps. The first three jumps were performed from (F) and other trials were randomly assigned. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The jumping test results for males and females were as follows respectively: (F): 55.68±6.246 and 37.44±5.160, (Par): 54.41±5.934 and 37.05±4.847, (N): 54.05±6.036 and 36.88±5.093, (IR): 52.97±5.887 and 36.27±5.075 (cm). Although there was no significant difference in the height of jump for different foot placements (a≤0.05), the data of male and female jumps tends to the same direction from high to low ((F)<(Par)>(N)>(IR)).The difference of jump heights at different foot placements may become significant and relevant if the number of subjects increase or training in a specific position exists. The results showed that some foot placements like (Par) position increase jumping results without any training. The result of (F) jumping position was not reliable due to its high deviation.

The purpose of this research was to compare dynamic balance in two groups of female futsal players with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). A comparative method was used in this research and the subjects included 30 genius female futsal players.15 subjects suffered from PFPS with pain duration of 11.26±7.65 months and age of 21.73±1.83 years old, and 15 subjects who did not have PFPS with age of 21.46 ± 2.77 years old. Two groups had no significant differences in their height, weight and BMI (P>0.05). DPC (dynamic postural control) was measured by Biodex system at two instability levels of low (6) and high (3). DPC indices were total (TL), anteroposterior (APL) and mediolateral (MLL). Data were compared by independent t-test between the two groups. Results showed significant differences in all three DPC indexes at level (6) between groups (TL (P=0.03), APL (P=0.02), MLL (P=0.05)) so that the comparison of the means between the two groups revealed higher balance sway in PFPS group at level (6). But at level (3), in spite of higher mean of balance sway in PFPS group, no significant differences were observed between the two groups.This research showed some DPC disorders in female futsal players with PFPS and anterior knee pain. But this balance disorder depends on the amount of instability and DPC demands in different environmental conditions. In more stable conditions in which demands of postural control are closer to static conditions, balance reaction of PFPS group is lower than control group. But in more instable conditions which are closer to dynamic condition, balance reaction of PFPS group is more similar to the control group.Finally, it seems that more investigation is necessary to understand postural control reactions and to assess the relationship between anterior knee pain and DPC at other instability levels.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical fitness of children with learning disabilities. In this study, 50 male children with ACLD (mean age: 10.5 years old) were compared to 50 other children (control group). Therefore, to recognize those children with learning disabilities, Michael Bost learning disability test was used. AAHPERD standard test was also used to assess physical fitness. Analyses of t-test revealed significantly lower scores in the group with ACLD in cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, abdominal strength, and power indexes when compared with the control group (P<0.050).Also, the group with ACLD had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI). These findings have implications for educators and allied health professionals working with this age group. Programs need to teach children with movement difficulties to perform tasks used in fitness assessment and also work on the development of physical fitness.

The purpose of this study was to study the effects of eight weeks of core stability training program on postural control in the elderly. Forty elderly women (70.58±5.98 yr) were selected to participate in this study. A week prior to the beginning of the training program, the balance was measured by Berg Balance Test (BBT) and subjects were divided into two groups based on the obtained BBT scores: low risk falling and high risk falling. Then, the subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The Experimental group performed a core stabilization program for six weeks and three times per week. The results showed that in the posttest, experimental group performed better than the control group and this difference was significant (P£0.05). It can be concluded that core stabilization training program may improve balance and falling in the elderly. The results showed that if the elderly participate in general fitness programs, their independence and functional activities of daily living will increase.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal longitudinal foot arch with static and dynamic balance in male students aged between 12 and 14. Statistical population of this research consisted of all guidance schools for boys in Shahrekord province and some were selected thorugh cluster sampling method.90 subjects were randomly selected from these schools as the sample of this research. All subjects took the foot print test and their foot arch was quantatively classified by Staheli index. Then subjects with mean and standard deviation of age 13+0.82 years, weight 47+7.19 kg and height 1.54+0.086 cm were classified into three groups of 30 subjects. Then each group took one-leg standing balance test for static balance and star excursion balance test for dynamic balance. Results identified no significant relationship between foot arch and static balance but there was a significant relationship between foot arch and dynamic balance. Therefore, it seemed that there was a significant relationship between the quantity of internal longitudinal foot arch and dynamic performance of subjects and not only deep-sensitive receivers of foot sole but also the surface of foot sole play a role in controlling dynamic posture. Therefore, the results showed a relationship between the quantity of internal longitudinal foot arch and the control of body balance.