Journal of Regional Planning
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:28 |Papers Count:16

The Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran in horizon of 2026 has been designed for achieving the first place in economy, science and technology between regional countries. This purpose can be achieved by relative improvement in the level of GDP. In this paper, using clustering method, the position of Iran among regional countries has been evaluated in terms of GDP per capita and trend of this indicator over a 25 year period (between 1990-2014). For a more precise clustering, the Independent component analysis technique has been implemented as a preprocess. The results indicate that regional countries, in terms of GDP per capita in 2014, can be classified into 4 clusters in which Iran is in the same cluster as Jordan, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Sudan, Uzbekistan, Syria, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Lebanon, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. The study also shows that the regional countries can be classified into 9 clusters in terms of GDP per capita time series trend between 1990 to 2014. Based on this criterion, Iran shares the same cluster with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Turkey. Considering the significant difference between Iran and countries such as Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Oman in terms of the GDP per capita, Iran should have grown much faster in recent years. However, this has not been observed according to the clustering results. To achieve the goals of vision in the remaining years, a significant positive change in time series trend of GDP per capita should occur. In such a way, the gap between Iran and other countries can be narrowed and Iran can earned the first place in the region by the end of the vision.

Geographical concentration has been introduced as one of the imbalance evaluation criteria, that considers industries distributions across various areas, geographically. It evaluates the economic activities uniformity and homogeneity among areas so that such assessment is suitable in realizing the industrial structure and policy making appropriateness to that of different activities in different geographical areas. Industrial activities concentration in a few province and their asymmetric distribution in all over the country has become as one of the most important challenges encountering policy makers. Results show that industrial activities distribution is not appropriate across provinces of our country. Considering obtained results from economic geography index based on the Ellison and Glaeser model, the highest geographical concentration is related to the printing industry, and the lowest one is associated with the industry of “manufacture of other nonmetallic mineral products”. The results also showed that there are 20 industries with 2-digit code of ISIC have a high geographical concentration in which this rate includes more than a half of the industry. Conducted computations based on the economies of scale index indicate that the highest value of economies of scale is related to the industry of “manufacture of other nonmetallic mineral products”; while, the lowest value is related to the industry of “manufacture of chemical metals and products”. According to the results of gini coefficient, the highest geographical concentration is related to the industry of “manufacture of Tobacco products and the lowest one is related to the industry of “manufacture of other nonmetallic mineral products”.

The first step in the planning and developing of rural areas is identifying and studying facilities and capabilities and, subsequently, determining the levels of development of rural areas. In the planning and development process of rural areas, recognizing the regions in terms of the status quo and the development level, studying local and regional differences in terms of development, explaining the factors affecting development and, eventually, attempting to solve issues and problems and meeting the needs in line with moderating the current inequalities is quite significant. The need to identify deprived regions and villages is essential in order to plan for the optimal allocation of facilities and services to reduce or eliminate poverty, deprivation and regional inequalities for attaining sustainable development. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, as well as VIKOR method and Prescott Allen model to investigate the enjoyment status of rural settlements in Ardebil province (as the statistical population of the study), educational, health-treatment, communication and transportation, commercial and political-administrative services indicators (based on the data extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of the Province). In total, after formatting, development indicators in the Allen Prescott model showed that the rural settlements of Ardebil were at the developed level (0.81 Fi ≤1), Moghan county at a relatively developed level (0.61 Fi ≤ 0.80), Nir, Pars-Abad, Khalkhal, Namin, Moser and Meshkinshahr were at the developing level (0.41 Fi ≤ 0.60), and Sarein and Billesavsar counties were at a relatively developing level (0.21 Fi ≤ 0.40). The reflection of factors such as the centralized management structure, environmental factors, and the failures of the spatial planning system should be mentioned in the outcome of development gap analysis.

Kerman province with a large youth population (as a supporting factor for various economic activities, cultural, etc.), vast territory and fertile lands in the southern province and Little India of Iran (Jiroft), rich and valuable resources (copper, steel of Gol Gohar, coal of Zarand, etc.); and natural and cultural-historical tourism such as capabilities and top attractions, according to the statistical evidences, has faced to the challenge like multiple socio-cultural (such as severe migration from rural to urban centers, crimes, etc.), security (drug trafficking, etc.), economic (low level of income, unemployment, etc.) and physical Spatial (evacuation of many rural settlements, etc.) is facing an unsustainable trend of development in sandy and salty Deserts, this study aimed to identify the resources and capacities of tourism in the sandy and salty deserts of Kerman and has been done to establish stable populations. Due to the nature of the research, it is applied and exploratory and has a descriptive-analytic method. To collect the data required documents or library methods used and quantitative data analysis (T-Test, ranking methods, AHP, TOPSIS) and qualitative (logical reasoning) and for mapping Gis has used. The results showed that according to experts (based on ranking methods), effective index in identifying the resources and capacities of tourism in sandy and salty Deserts, respectively eco-tourism, cultural-historical, urban and event-based have a rank from first to fourth, And and other index have been the next ranks. Base on the demography index, only 7 the provinces of Kerman, Rafsanjan, Baft, Bam, Jiroft, Sirjan and Zarand have immigration and 16 are migration. The results of this study show that most of the areas where the process of depopulation, and have had low levels of social sustainability (eg: Raver, Kahnooj, Roodbar-jonoub, Fahraj, Reagan, and etc.)have settles in in the sandy and salty deserts of the province, but it has so attractions and capabilities to tourism development (specially in natural cases), so to identify and utilize these capabilities directly can be useful to solve the socio- economic problems of these regions, and it can provide the better income and livelihood conditions and sustainable population establishment in these regions.

Islamic-Iranian progress model With a regional approach, the framework for determining the course of the economy of the country's regions is in line with the Islamic-national orientation of progress. The basis of this model is the theory of regional economic justice and its general criteria, the realization of distributive justice and appropriation at the regional and inter-regional levels. the goal of this research is develop scenarios for the development of Islam in West Azerbaijan Province, With the approach of regional planning. research type is practical-development and as its analysis method according to new methods futurology, scrolling comments experts in questionnaire format (as matrix interactions).for analyze the research have been used MicMac software and scenario wizard. according to MicMac Pro results were identified 8 key influencing factors were identified The results of the research show that among the developed scenarios, province planning is face with 8 Strong Consistency scenarios, 124 weak Consistency scenarios and 121 Max. inconsistency scenarios in the future. Out of the 8 possible scenarios, Scenario 8 have a favorable statu, three scenarios have interstitial status and 4 scenarios are in an unfavorable situation. Scenario 8 is the best most likely scenario ahead of the province and all of its Uncertainty are quite desirable.

The rapid growth of urbanization, the spatial distribution of the population in the area has been uneven. Focus facilities and services in metropolitan areas and the lack of balanced growth in the medium and small can lead to inequality of population in the area and class level difference in communities. It also appears to rule out the distribution of population in cities, based on rank-size had significant from the normal urban differential does not match the model. This study sought to implement the model of urban differential and rank-size rule in the province's urban network. Aims to provide guidelines for the creation of a balanced hierarchical system with an emphasis on small towns that recently the city has been given to them. The study is applied and descriptive and analytical nature. Using Mehta four cities index and city evolution index network process benefited during the analysis and studies of population and housing census information 6 times leading up to 1390 and 30 city in Hamadan province. The results showed the weakness of small towns, middle and long distance rank-size rule is the first city in the normal line. Medium-sized cities have stopped growing urban areas in the early stages the weakness of central cities in terms of both population is the multiplicity of small towns. Population survey of cities and a lot of them over the last 50 years indicates a policy has been ineffective villages to small towns in the province. Because the model of urban differential must be addressed to strengthen central cities and small towns development policies are on the agenda.

Employment and generally activity type of labor force is important topic is economic geography. Employment is the main concern for economic policy makers in the Iran economy. Economic parts are the principal components in the development of each region. In order to program development for job creation and sustainable development in the region, it is necessary the exact understanding of the potential parts and its combination in the regions, so that balanced planning and employment can be achieved in each sectors parts and regions. This research, with descriptive and analytical methodology, is the investigating employment parts and economic activity groups in the of Ardabil province cities in the 2006-20011's. Used models in this research are Shift-Share Analysis model to determine rate and Forecasting economic sectors each cities in terms of employment, Location Quotient model to determine the status of each of the economic sectors in terms of exports and imports, And also in order to calculate the unemployment rate. The results show that there is an imbalance between the three parts of the economy, which the service sector has been dominant for other parts in province. The unemployment rate in the province was 12.84 percent in 2006 and has increased to 16.92 in 2011.The growth rate in the whole reference economy of Ardabil is 0.09.In the middle of economic sectors in 2006-2011 agricultural section has been positive and ascending. Also during 2006-2011, Agricultural section was the exporter of goods and services and also was the basic activity. Services and industry sections were the importer of goods and services and the non-basic activity.

Deep changes in economic approaches and importance of functional efficiency in global urban competition era, has changed urban form and spatial structure. Metropolitan areas to comply with this complex and multi-dimentional system have been leaning towards more flexible structures. Despite more three decades of polycentric concept, definition, scale and dimentiones are not rest. Different perceptions of the polycentric, make it difficult to choose this approach as spatial development strategy for urban regions. The main objective of this paper is to specify polycentric concept and to propose a comprehensive model for polycentricity measurement. Research method is mixed method and required information and data was extracted from books, articles, other research's results on polycentrism, Tehran's statistical yearbook and population and housing censuses data in 1385 and 1390. VIKOR and SPSS are research's analytical tools. At the first step, this paper analyzed the different features of polycentric's definitions and sub-center delimitation methods. At the second step, based on network concept, this research proposed integrated analytical model for delimitation sub-center. At the third step, Proposed model was used to specify Tehran urban region's sub-centers. In this regard, indicators calculation methods were difined. Then, data were converted to comparable quantitative results by SPSS and results were ranked by VIKOR. The final results show, polycenteric essential concept is mutual flows between centers. The analytical model imporves the coordination of proposed indicators with available statistical data in Iran. Further, the research find that Damavand, Pakdasht and Ghods county (Respectively, with 0.95, 0.84 and 0.78 final score) are new centers of Tehran Province.

With the emergence of environmental waste and reduce the general level of people's lives, especially in urban communities during the past two decades, Approach to urban sustainability theme of the day as the last decade of the 20th century came from the United Nations and as a 21st century approach at international, regional and local levels were determined. The Aim of this study is to evaluate the sustainability indices in Kerman city using multi-criteria decision-making techniques are. Research methodology - descriptive analysis using Geographic Information System Gis and techniques Multiple Attribute Decision Making (ANP, Topsis, Saw) is. The results show that ANP techniques, economic and social criteria in terms of enhancing the stability of the highest, respectively. The final results also show the superiority of options 1 and 2 in the Kerman region in order of priority in terms of sustainability indicators have been established in the city of Kerman. According to the results of the techniques Saw, in the four regions of Kerman on urban sustainability, Zones 2 and 1 in the first and second zones 3 and 4 In third and fourth place in terms of urban sustainability have been effective and prioritize areas of Kerman based techniques shows Topsis 1 and 4 positions of the first and second regions and zones 2 and 3 are the third and fourth positions.

Increasing the number of tourist’s indicative crystallization of tourism as a requirement, so the impact factor has increased tourism. But certainly, it will not possible without identifying factors, planning and strategic management. But it will not be possible, without identifying influencing factors, planning and strategic management. Also, due to the ability of tourism in employment, in this research we try to examine residents place image and economic, social and environmental development of the tourism. And provide the basis for development of tourism by establishing a scioentific Perceptionspective based on the facts available, offering practical strategies. Method of this research is descriptive and analytical. Statistical populations are people Aran and Bidgol. According the results of the census of Population and Housing in Isfahan province in 1390 population of the city was 60,290 That from this number was selected by using simple random sampling method, using a random population sample of 381 cases, Also instrument for data collection was researcher made questionnaire and for the analysis of results of the questionnaire local residents was used Amos software and Structural equation modeling. The results show that among the main variables, economic variables fitted with 0.79 percent had the greatest impact on the perception of residents and tourists. After that cultural and social issues with a 0.74 in the second degree in the environmental index 0.69 percent had the least effect from the perception among residents.

The emergence of a city, more than anything else geographical conditions function is so that every size city developed, they deal with various unit’s topography and geomorphology and matters related to them is more. The impact of the changes that anatomical deformation and developing its shows space cities. Objective of the study comparing quantitative methods, math and examine how their performance in the process of finding the optimal development of a place in the Doroud city. For this purpose, methods of fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process fuzzy examined and compared to their according to the sources and available data from 10 indicators of land, the shape of the earth, highways, railways, the main and sub - rift, permanent rivers, mines, land, oil and gas lines, as well as the map of the city and surrounding villages in the form of software GIS arc environment has benefited. The results showed that with regard to field surveys taken model is based on fuzzy approach, the best path of development in the southeast and shows the land route to the development of appropriate almost to agriculture. End route to the south of the city and the quality of the other side is limited. gamma model is the best way to linear shape and development along the lines of transportation, shows (road connected to the city north west), and the results this issue is shown of the fuzzy gamma operator very accurate and in greater detail with regard to a situation selected variables in the areas of study.

Neighborhoods are one of the most important and vital elements of urban social life. In the theoretical foundations regarding new neighborhood development, the importance of neighborhood residents’ participation is emphasized within process-oriented and interaction- oriented planning patterns. Local community planning emphasizing a bottom- up viewpoint, accents the local resident’s empowerment and advancement of their social capitals and collective participation. This investigation intends studying the role of local community participation in sustainable social development of Sartapola neighborhood. Research methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical method and the research type is practical. Required data is collected through surveying and questionnaire. Sampling has been done targeted, through choosing 50 household’s heads among all 308 households, using Cochran formula with confidence level 93 percent. Finally the outcomes were analyzed using SPSS software. The final results show that the factors such as robust social convergence among neighbors, trust among residents and enough sense of belonging to the neighborhood have the most effective role in the neighborhood social sustainability. There is also a meaningful relationship between sense of belonging to the neighborhood with dwelling time and the participation level in neighborhood social sustainability (applying Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the significance level for both indexes is less than 0.05 and their solidarity intensity is more than 0.5, respectively 0.779 and 0.903) In addition, the indexes “belonging sense to the neighborhood, the trust among residents, the restoration and the rehabilitation of the neighborhood decay fabric and neighborhood satisfaction” with numeric values respectively 0.212, 0.771, 0.338 and 0.143 have a direct relationship and the indexes “involving in collective activities, caring for neighborhood residents’ profits, social convergence among neighbors and women participation” with numeric values respectively 0.171, 0.234, 01.85 and 0.027 have an indirect relationship with local community sustainability.

Lack of clarity in the framework and planning of urban equipment site selection has led to improper locating of cemeteries. In most cases it has been done according to people opinion rather than exist standards and to optional work rather than scientific work. On the other hand, the methods which are used in the responsible organization do not follow scientific logic. Studying and reviewing of cemeteries state in the comprehensive planning indicate that they have been ignored in urban plans and less attention is paid to this issue.This study purpose is providing a method for cemeteries site selection in cities. The analytical method used in this paper is combination of the Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System. In the first part the necessity of cemetery site selection based on Iranian-Islamic pattern is explained. In the next part, using Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process, the most important criteria related to cemetery site location consistent with the Iranian – Islamic pattern is introduced. Subsequently, using the spatial overlay functions, a method is proposed for new cemetery site selection. Findings of the research provide an approach for cemetery site selection at the macro level and suitable places are identified for construction of urban cemeteries at the micro level (study area).

Today, due to fade citizen participation in In the affairs and urban issues and also little trust in these institutions, social capital as per what is important is the lives of citizens With components such as trust, participation and social cohesion plays a role in creating social institutions. Therefore, further study in this field Components of social capital in the creation of social institutions in terms of what role citizens have in Ferdosiyeh is very important. In this connection, this paper considers that the role of social capital in the creation of neighborhood-based social institutions in the city to pay Ferdosiyeh As well as the correlations them in neighborhood-based social institutions determine and specify the effective component. Type of this research is applied and the method of describing-analytic review And tools for research interview and use of questionnaire and analysis of results with the SPSS software. Pearson correlation test results showed that the percentage of participation with the 0.712, 0.615 percent and social cohesion and trust with the 0.264 percent respectively in the creation of social institutions have a crucial role in Ferdosiyeh. And using linear regression analysis revealed that among the components of social capital, 53.2 % of participation of citizens in neighborhood-based social institutions are more important in Ferdosiyeh And a feature of this institution is enjoying the views of citizens in municipal affairs.

Crime will occur only where there is a convergence in space and time of motivated offenders, suitable targets and the absence of capable guardians. Before 20th century, criminologists emphasized on recognizing the felon characteristics and empowering the victims. Then a "positional prevention approach" was introduced as a result of a fundamental shift from human characteristics to environmental factors. It is assumed that fewer opportunities for committing a crime will lead to higher security of the place. This study evaluated the role of decreasing environmental opportunities for crime in increasing neighborhood security. Koshk meidan and Saadi neighborhoods, in the city of Shiraz, were selected as case studies regarding their inefficient urban environments. Simple random method was chosen for this research's sampling and the sample size calculated based on Cochran formula. Then the data have been processed using Spss and Amos. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for questionnaire Reliability test and Structural equation model was used to evaluate the role of crime opportunities in neighborhood's security. The results showed that for every unit decrease in crime opportunities, the neighborhood's security would increase 0.78 unit for Saadi and 0.63 unit for Koshk meidan. Among all factors influencing crime opportunity reduction, social cohesion in Saadi and Territoriality in Koshk meidan had the strongest effect on improving security. By paying more attention in the scope of above factors on improving neighborhood security, proper guidelines could be introduced.

Droughts are the most important natural disasters. Droughts exist in 3 forms Climate, Hydrology and Agriculture. Due to the location of Iran in the realm of global dry climates and high sensitivity to this issue in country, it is necessary to study and investigate about the problems related to droughts. For this purpose, this presented research is considered the climate drought and evaluated the valid indicators of drought on the various regions of country. In this order, the whole area of Iran considered as six regions of rainfall and among all existing stations, the stations which have the more perfect and valid statistics of aerology rather than others were selected. Then among the climate drought indicators, six indicators Z, DI, PNPI, SIAP, RAI and SPI were selected and the drought of each various regions of rainfall were defined through these indicators and results was compared using Spearman's correlation coefficient between rainfall and indicators ranking and it was found that the best indicator for each region of rainfall; Finally it was found that the DI indicator has the highest Spearman's correlation coefficient and it will be the most appropriate indicator for whole area of Iran.