Bioethics Journal
Year:2015 | Volume:5 | Issue:15|Papers Count:6

In this research we try using Research Methodology descriptive - analytical, examines the role of ethics in law and explain the real role it as a resource to be independent. The main research question: what position ethics in contemporary law and do it can be considered independent source for legislate? In our opinion ethics in contemporary law is not in its proper place because the majority of contemporary of Jurists ethics equal not consider other sources of law and it is not an independent source, but we assume that the ethics and integrity of stability than other sources of law is because its source is human instinct and intellect that has inherent and general criterion and in any place and any time does not lose their stabilizing. So the authoritative source for ethics can be legislate. Eventually to the conclusion that if ethics in universities and research centers be studied further and can the rules and ethical principles the comprehensive the legislative, That time could and useful to legislate considered a comprehensive source of ethics, in particular in the field of international law.

Family is raised as a holy building in Islam that the correct training of people, prevent of many social damages, and will be guarantor of human health in other areas, such as: school and business environment. Therefore, in Imams (A) behaviors, especially in Imam Reza (A) teachings, we can see more attention to training of people in this area.The goal of this article is attention to moral necessity of family life in view of Imam Reza (A). This article in descriptive- analytical method with Qur'anic-Narrative approach, investigates this important issue in two cognitive and behavioral areas.In cognitive area, has noted to how to communicate and interact with family members, and in behavioral area has noted to Home Management, Familiarity with the home members and children, observance of the right of partner, proper behavior towards servants and guests.

The trend of industrial development in todays’ life has, unfortunately, led to irreversible environmental damages which mainly caused by human being. As such, a large number of legislators around the globe are trying to execute effective criminal policies to control and manage these damages. In spite of politicians’ attempts in preventing ecological damages, their criminal policies are sometimes influenced by general population, which we called it “populism in criminal policy”. Populist policies are normally emotional, incompetent, and unprofessional. They also have a great impact on inflation in criminal policies. Criminal populist policies are not designed to discover the root of crime. If fact, these policies tries to reject the elitist policies in order to content public interest by decisive and rapid responses. Taking the above into account, this article aims to investigate the populist policies in criminal environmental policy in Europe and Iran in order to demonstrate that these policies are not always designed to follow the primary goals of penal policy.

Surgical methods are among excluded subject matter from patentability in most countries’ patent laws. However, due to rapid advances in scientific discoveries in medical and biotechnological fields, the variety of inventions related to surgical methods are notably increasing. This has given rise to the difficulty in determining the scope of the patentable inventions, and inconsistency in European case-law. Here, one of the reasons behind such disparity in decisions is the difference in the courts’ interpretation about the Ratio Legis of excluding surgical methods. While some courts consider the nature of such methods as the reason for this exclusion, others regard their purpose in maintaining life and health of the human or animal as the reason. This Article tries to analyze the complexities of the patentability of surgical methods by examining the case-law main approaches and recent developments related to such methods.

Security is one of the basic and early needs of every human being. Even can said security is the same and similar demand for human and animal in all times and places. Security demanding will be based on the nature of man and apart from security, is necessary for social life or foundation catch government, but from the beginning of creation, has always been a dream of mankind. To the extent that this word have been, it should be recognized features for it; these features has been left open the way for states that in emergency situations, they prefer security to the rights and freedom. These features include: first; security has natural aspects, humans tend to security and equal with animals and separate from how and it's size, both of them elusive threat and insecurity. This shows that one of the primary needs of human is security. Second; security has contractual aspects. The contractual is in the length of natural aspects. Here, security is limited not only to human, but also to the community beyond. Variety of possible threats of human security, for example be safety in front of fatal infectious diseases, unhealthy food, malnutrition, lack of access to primary health care. Though threats in country or region could spread to the wider region and have foreign negative complications for regional, international and global security and with attention that health is one of the important components of human security doctrine, this question is proposed that security and foreign policy of states to what extent affects health and related rights and hasten and established the process of global health law. In this paper, health is discussed in the field of human security, international and global security and foreign policy and international health security, global health security and foreign policy will be discussed.

Nowadays one of the best ways of religion proselytizing is the matter of theoretical and doctrinal issues in the format of applying in the seats of free thought that is the best model for that. The goal is attention to debates in behaviors of the Infallible Imams (A), specially Imam Reza (A), and adoption of the method of the best Battle of Imam (A) to Followers of other religions.This article in descriptive-analytical method reviews the Imam (A) debates and presents a bright image of governance of Morality on debate space of Imam (A) to to Followers of different religions and their practical invitation to Islam. The results show that in addition to the governance of science space on debates "Debate Ethic" and "Ethic Debates" of Imam (A) gave Special effects on these seats, and this charactristic makes the maximum absorption to Islam. Of ethical grounds ruling on debates of the Imam (A) are: Allowing the other side in questioning, Directional collision and Fairness, Priority of religious practice specially Praying in its time, and Rule of reason. According to Imam Reza (A) behavior, with take advantage of "Scientific and Practical ethics" beside "The Ethics of Belief" in the Seats of Free Thought, those seats will be useful, efficient and effective.