Bioethics Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:19|Papers Count:8

One of the most important issues in normative ethics is investigation and explanation of the problem Consequentialism and Deontologism. Many intellectuals have focused in the West and the Islamic world (partly) on this issue and researches also have remained. The problem Consequentialism and Deontologism one of the valuable researches that can be applied as beginning in the teachings of Islam, especially in the realm of ethics .The fact that ethical Islamic propositions related to consequentialism or Deontologism itself is very important and in this area researches demands to be done. In many ethical doctrines Islam, such as Qur'an, the sayings of Imams clearly referred to deontologists and in some doctrine is provided to consequentialism. In this research we sought to investigate the important point that the ethical doctrines of Islam, related to Consequentialism or Deontologism. In addition to be important the pursuit of the fact that Islam is considered in the discussion of ethical education, Consequential or De-ontological. To achieve this objective, descriptive - analytic method has been investigated to investigate this issue with a focus on religious texts especially the Holy Qur'an. The results of this study, the separation between the two fields of Islamic teachings the field of relationship with God Deontologism and Consequentialism in society and people sphere.

Nowadays, the realization of global peace is considered as the main concern of many scholars. Paying attention to the common ethical principles is like epistemological strategic discourses in the field of global peace. The common ethical principles are at least some of the ethical principles of universality and stability and baseing on those principles making the cornerstone of lasting peace. Kung, a contemporary theologian, with the idea of "global ethics" in the corner of the nature and God-centrism is trying to achieve a minimum level of common human values and ethics ensuring the world's peace. Tabatabaei also believes that consistency of society, without ethical regulations, and enforcements of the law by faith in God, is not possible. In this study, based on Analytical method after explaining the Muslim world and the Christian theologian views, Allameh Tabatabaei and Hans Kung, with comparative intentional consensus to defining positions of these two issues discussed.

The principle of double effect, which history goes back to the time of Aquinas, one of the basic principles of ethics that has been taken by applied ethics seriously. This principle, a way to resolve moral conflicts in which an action has two effects: one good and one is bad. According to this principle, not a moral agent may never deliberately do bad act to achieve good results despite knowing this operation as well as unwanted bad results will follow. On ethics, various forms of this principle can be seen, for various reasons, and it brought a lot of bugs that have been entered. Applications of this principle can be used in medical ethics, applied ethics of peace and war and many other issues observed. In this paper, after defining and provide the conditions applying this principle, the pros and cons of it, its layout has been reviewed.

Right on the environment is the emergence of a new discussion that has not seriously been discussed in ImamiyaFiqh hitherto. Researcher has borrowed the term from the third generation of human right and is to investigate it in ImamiyaFiqh. In order to prove this right, evidence and resources and the principles and objectives of this right in Fiqh should be referred to. To achieve this important issue, descriptive - analytic method was used. Finding from this paper shows that environment in Imamiya Fiqhwith a loan-type approach is a collective right and it is the realization of a collective and legal responsibility; in order to protect this collective profit to all generations, speaking is about being lawful and unlawful, and punishing the aggressors to the environment. Its forcible transfer due to the death requires that all people - in addition to the external executive assurance - have internal executive assurance resulted from legal rights so that offending person, becomes guarantor and punishable.

The Human Genome Project is the biggest scientific project in human history and a major factor in changing the world-view of human societies. The results of this scientific project has lead to the discovery of genetic make-up of human and other organisms (Viruses, Bacteria, Plants, Animals). In experimental sciences, these discoveries have had a significant impact and have influenced fields such as law, philosophy and psychology. Due to the significance of the issue, many scientific and research centers in the fields of human sciences have studied the consequences of using the new genomic sciences, especially in the fields of law and ethics. The world experts in ethics and law collectively believe that the power of genetics and genomics technologies in early detection before birth, gender selection, diagnosis and treatment of diseases before birth and during life, enhancement of life in the present generation and future generations, delaying death, privacy of genetic information of individuals and their relatives, forecasting diseases and potentials in physical and non-physical realms have the potential to change the foundations of many ethical and legal foundations that human societies have known as facts throughout history.

Background and aim: With the development in technology and greater exploitation of nature and weakness in the implementation of ecological programs and projects, responsibility of human more interested in the world. Responsibility is the bond of Ecological citizenship and moral intelligence.Method: In this study, the relationship between ecological citizenship and mental intelligence is investigated using the survey method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected.Findings: The results show that ecological citizenship status of Tabriz citizens is in good condition and located in among options 4 and 5 in 6-item Likert. Also, among the 11 dimension of citizenship ecological, all aspects of medium to high average, but membership in environmental communities has been lowest. Also, the test results show, There is positive and significant correlation between mental intelligence and its components and ecological citizenship. Regression analysis results also show that from four dimensions of mental intelligence, both the "responsibility" and "compassion" could explain 25.4% of the variance related to their ecological citizenship.Conclusion: So, moral intelligence is as a factor that can have an effective role in predicting ecological citizenship behaviors.

Background and aim: According to appearance of positive approach to mental health in recent years, Psychological Well-Being As development of real talents of each person has attracted the attention of scientific communities. Therefore it is very important and essential to identify factors that influence "Psychological Well-Being". According to importance of Psychological Well-Being and its related variables, this study has been done for analyzing relationships between Moral Intelligence and Self-efficiency with Psychological Well-Being.Method: Methodology of research was descriptive-survey. The statistical population included all martyr’s wife and offspring in faculty of literature of Urmia University in Academic year 1391-1392 (160 persons). According to the Morgan table and simple random sampling method, 116 cases were selected for samples of study. The research instrument was three questionnaires that reliability and validity of them was examined and confirmed. One-Sample T-Test, Pearson Bivariate Correlation Test, Multinomial Logistic Regression Test, Path Analysis and Independent- Samples T-Test were used for Data Analysis.Findings: Findings show that: Self-efficiency of students was more than expected mean (p<0.01) and there was not any significant differences in two other variables; All three variables of research had positive correlation (p<0.01); Moral Intelligence and Self-efficiency, effected directly on Psychological Well-Being (p<0.01); Not only Moral Intelligence directly influenced Psychological Well-Being but also through Self-efficiency influenced it indirectly; 5)Mean of the Moral Intelligence of boys was more than girls (p<0.05).There was not any significant differences in Selfefficiency and Psychological Well-Being between boys and girls.Conclusion: According to results of study, attention to impressive factors on Psychological Well-Being in martyr’s wife and offspring is very important. So, considering morality in university can cause creation, preservation and promotion of Self-efficiency and Psychological Well-Being among students.

The usage of ammunition containing depleted uranium has been common in recent decades. The aim of present study is to discuss ethical issues resulting from human health effect of depleted uranium. Depleted uranium has devastating effects on the environment, water, soil and living organisms, especially human health. Civilian consist the majority of victims especially individuals that living in affected area meanwhile children are vulnerable than others. Its durability in environment is very long and a source of several health problems for civilians. In this view, these types of weapons and ammunition are very similar to Weapons of Mass Destructive (WMD). So, its usage is not acceptable due to utilitarian and common good viewpoints meanwhile usage of DU in military operation is repugnance to International Humanitarian Law. Finally, we must fulfill all effort to ban usage of ammunition containing depleted uranium in military conflict and wars.