RESEARCH OF NAHJOLBALAGHEH
Year:2016 | Volume:15 | Issue:50 |Papers Count:7

Creating images is regarded as an artistic method of expression. The method, being one in harmony with human nature, has been used in holy Quran and Islamic texts and, in this way, creatures and phenomena have been put exposed to addressees’ eyes as living and dynamic beings. Creating images is regarded as the most appropriate method for expressing one‘s purpose and affecting addressees. The affection would be intensified in the case of being in harmony with human nature and self-evident perceptions. Following the holy Quran, using such a method has been current in Nahj al-Balagha. The book has spoken to human intellect, sense and conscience all. Imam Ali (a) in his mellifluous and eloquent speeches, has drawn interesting scenes of the universe for his addressees in his speeches. In the paper, some cases of his image-creating of earth, sky, mountains, clouds and some birds such as peacock and bat have been studied.

Reasoning and thinking have been known as particularities of human being. Therefore, in Islamic teachings on human awareness, human state of being curious and questioner has been encouraged. Such phrases as: “ask for finding out, don’t ask for bothering” and “ask me before you miss me” in Nahj al-Balaghah on one hand, refer to the necessity of asking question along with the motif of questioner and on the other hand, to reasonable answer. The paper has viewed Imams manner of answering as a considerable way for educating questioners, satisfying crucial sense of them and emphasizing their state of being right seeker. When facing questions, he has regarded all necessary grounds in the field and, therefore, taken different positions including, clearly answering, not answering, answering in brief and answering in detail with analysis and full description.

On the whole, there may be found three views on moral problems including a private affair in personal life, a spiritual and holy affair effective in everlasting world and not accessible and a considerable obstacle against freedom. Imam Ali (a) has viewed morality not only useful for happiness in the everlasting but also necessary for this world. Therefore, there may not be found an agent for man‘s happiness in this life other than morality. Knowledge, wealth, rank and family honor lead to high personality, yet all these may only happen with regard to morality. Needless to say, it should be stated that moral deed is not easy during difficult circumstances of life and need to some powerful supporter grounds. The paper, focusing on Imam‘s commands, has sought to study those agents of considerable effects in deepening roots of moral principles in human being.

To oppose anarchy, human societies need to government. On Islamic teachings, absolute sovereignty belongs only to God, The Exalted. God, The Supreme, has explicitly or implicitly chosen some people as governor. As the realm of Islamic governor is widespread and, therefore, may not be governed by one person, it is necessary to appoint competent peoples to administrate social and organizational affairs satisfactorily. Regarding Imam Ali‘s manner of governmental life and his speeches in the field, it would become clear that Imam appointed his managers based on special norms. Relying on the norms, a large number of managers of the precedent state were dismissed. The paper has studied Imam‘s most important norms including religious faith, purity, justice, trustworthiness, truthfulness, family, lack of bad background, order and discipline, experience and state of being obedient.

Vara’ and effat have been used in Nahj al Balaghah as two words. The former means to avoid sin; one avoiding sins, therefore, is called one of vara’ or pious. The word has been used in moral and mysticism with the same meaning in all cases of usage in such a way that it has a universal meaning with many samples. The question that what vara’ means in its samples is based on its system of meaning; given being in center of system means the same as taqwa, while given its being one element of the system, it does not mean taqwa. Vara’ is systematically in harmony with special elements as taqwa, zohd, esmat and nezahat. The latter also like esmat, vara’ and zohd refer to prevention and it is just the same meaning being of various samples in according to different conditions and states of text or paratext. Effat, therefore, is of the same meaning in all its cases of usage and its exact meaning would be clear in a system of meaning.

Security, with all its aspects, has been known as one of most fundamental and essential human needs in Islam. One aspect of security is economic security. Economic development and land reclamation need to prepare and upgrade economic security. Economic security is produced by knowing agents and obstacles, threats, manner of establishment and working procedures and its effects. Imam Ali’s short government and his emphasis on sane economic space, that is, economic security, may give a full and good model for establishing and upgrading economic security. The paper has studied importance of economic security, agents for and against it and Imam‘s manners in the field.

The book of Alghadir has been compiled to prove Imam Ali‘s guardianship on the basis of Sunni sources. Allameh Amini for the purpose has relied on Quranic verses, traditions, poems and historical records. The verses of ekmal, tabligh and azabe waqe and hadithe Ghadir are used as the most important verses and tradition. The author has mentioned 150 poems in the field. Common method for all documentations is so that in addition to Imam Ali‘s guardianship, his virtues and perfections are also explained. Amini has paid special attention to validity of documents and frequently stated quality of hadithe Ghadir. Again in the case of poems, he has taken a particular method of explanation. He has explained this reality with reliance on the poems of all different poets including non-Arab, non-Muslim and even Imam Ali‘s enemies‘ poems.