JOURNAL OF IRANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (JISDS)
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 (12)|Papers Count:8

Gaining and preserving national security is the main theme among all political systems and each government uses particular mechanisms to obtain it based on power resources they have and also the kind of ideology which it gained its legitimacy based on it and its international status. National security is defined and described based on legitimacy principles, the kind of ideology and the particular structure of political system. This essay explores today’s Iran national security body, its estate and how to preserve it. So in this article we focus on soft threat; which is a kind of threat that tries to change the accepted cultural identity by the political system, through substantiation of patterns of national behaviors. Soft threat is a challenge toward the goals and critical values of a political system and perpetually attacks the thought infrastructures, beliefs and behavioral patterns in culture and politics field. In order to obtain an appropriate strategy for national security, recognizing threats and security challenges are inevitable.Based on the concept non-balance in parson's system theory, it can be said that in the time of crisis, a different designation and formulation of adaptation is needed to reach the goals and national interest. We consider this meaning of crisis which is an increasing vulnerability and threats towards goals and values and also this is at the same time which fast changes occur in a short period of time and expansion in international communications, development in communication technologies and an increase in public awareness. The emergence of sub-cultures, the governments' inquietude about sovereignty and national unity, the explosion of expectations have caused an increase in security tensions toward divergent attitudes among sub-cultures. Now the question is how could we avoid the emergence of these divergent attitudes? In this article, based on casual hierarchy, we believe that instead of rejecting these sub-cultures, with recognizing and accepting them through establishing political participation and also with the increasing of political and social relations, redefining concepts appropriate with accelerated changes era, floating identities and paving the way for sub-cultures' participation in political decision making, we can walk in the direction of establishing national unity and therefore raise the national security.

Science and knowledge have served human beings in his progress lane but also it grew against him. Manufacturing different types of industrial narcotics is one of its instances. So if years ago opium, heroin and marijuana were the drugs most used, today a different collection of other types of drugs exist which many of them are produced artificially and more importantly, it is added to their diversity every day and psychedelic pills are among them. If you ask any child or adult's opinion on opium and heroin, what are their effects the answers are correct but if they ask the same question about the real effects of psychedelic drugs, the answers will be various. This article is investigating this issue and tries to assess the knowledge of adolescents about this type of drugs. So 24 questions were asked and students responded to them. In the analysis of the questionnaire, it got obvious the students' awareness of all the adverse effects of psychedelic pills is very low. For example 82% of them, knew that the hallucination is one of the signs of ecstasy pills but 70% of them didn't have deeper details about the other symptoms of these pills. For example they did not know that psychedelic pills will cause severe weight loss in consumers.

Divorce is among the important social phenomena that its high rate in any society will result in social disorder, social imbalance. And other problems, like other social issues, divorce is a complicated phenomenon and its causes are not limited to just several factors. In any society, depending on the prevailing conditions and social changes, some of the causes of divorce may be more important and more influential. This essay relies on a research that investigates the reasons behind the increase in the divorce rate in Yazd Province during the past decade. Drawing upon thejindings of the abovementioned research, this essay raises four hypothesis about the most important factors of divorce. These hypotheses include the effects of: poverty and unemployment; social differences, women employment; and addiction to narcotics. These factors can be of high importance with regard to the recent changes in the ratio of divorces to marriages in the Yazd Province. The theoretical framework used in this research is based on the structural functionalism perspective and takes into account the changes in the traditional society and its transition to modern society. The research methodology used here is descriptive-analytical which employs two study methods: documentary (examining the divorce cases); and surveying (using interview techniques to collect the views and opinions of judges, counselors, lawyers and family experts).The statistical pool of this research included men and women whose marriage had ended in separation in the past decade. According to the results, (I) social differences, (II) addiction to narcotics, and (III) poverty and unemployment (economic problems and bankruptcy) where the most important factors of divorce in the Yazd Province during the above period.

In Mazandaran province, there are 506 to 750 sections with the extent of 17000 hectares which are expanded in about 630 villages. Each water sight belongs to a village and is counted as that villages' belonging. Although these resources belong to all villagers, but they only water a few lands and there are a limited beneficiaries among villagers. From the first year of 1990s, as a result of macro changes in social-economic field, most of these resources according to governmental plans have been rented to people from inside or outside of the villages in order to breed fish. So the relatively coherent management which existed before the rent process was diluted or destroyed entirely. The question is why the farmers agreed to rent these sources regardless of their needs to farming water and deprived themselves from this authority? In this article, we exclusively focus on the belongings' law which means the kind of relation between benefiters and governments' role. The results show that the deprivation from belongings' law was the result of governments, interference and this issue caused only one of the productions to be regarded and other produces were neglected. Farmers and especially benefiters were slipped from the management cycle and the previous management organization was diluted or destroyed completely.

Social responsibility is a factor that promotes self-discipline and order in society. Emphasizing social responsibility is in fact taking note of ethics and human relations. It makes people perform their duties and jobs without requiring outside surveillance; it also encourages voluntary social participation, promotes cooperation and conformity to social norms and rules. Several different factors can affect social responsibility. In this study, social factors that affect social responsibility among high school students is examined. Research method is survey. Drawing on the Cochran formula, 377 students were selected as the sample. Using a random stratified sampling technique, 186 girls and 192 boys studying in isfahan high schools were asked to fill-out a 78-item questionnaire. The T-test, ANOVA, Pierson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. The results showed that religiosity (r=0.514), political trust (r=0.379), sex (Eta=-0.118), and happiness (r=0.351) were positively and significantly related to social responsibility but economic status had no relationship with social responsibility. Multiple regression analysis showed that religiosity (Beta=0.44), happiness (Beta=0.36), political trust (Beta=0.22), and sex (Beta=0.12) respectively, had the most influence on social responsibility. The coefficient of determination of these variables was 0.53.

Training and extension of human resources are main factors in extending the stable society that is directed by educational order of that society. Accordingly, pay attention to the teacher status is very important. Main variables of research are: working mode in social prestige and economical prestige aspects, individual characteristics in both physical and behavioral characteristics, working role of teachers, education, age, gender and social status of students. Research data were applied according to survey-research method with help of applied questionnaire with validity and high reliability of gathering and connecting to analysis and examination and significance test of them which some of obtained results are as follow: teachers social status has been more than intermediate level and there is relation between personal characteristics of teachers, professional specializations and work role of teachers, with their social status and also view point of girl students about social status of teachers has been higher than boy students and there was relation between social status of students and their analysis about social status of teachers. According to the performed statistics tests, present relations and differentiations have been probably more than 99% significance.

The growth and development of cities and their populations in recent centuries caused a materialistic and moral agglomeration in less developed and developed urban territories. So establishing law and deploying urban disciplines and defining tasks and citizenship law and urban governmental rules in order to create and preserve social cohesion and security were among the urban necessities from traditional to modern ages according to time circumstances were in the attention of intellectuals and urban managers. Obeying citizenship law from citizens and answering the citizens' needs is one of the factors in obtaining regulation and urban social security. The aim of this study is assessing the urban development and its role on citizenship law among citizens of Tehran with the use of predicative and survey methods. A sample of 400 people was taken with a cluster sampling technique. Data collection is done by a researcher made questionnaire and the data are analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.After the evaluation of each relating factor to citizenship law status, the results show that age, education level and socio-economic base have a significant relation with the level of awareness of citizenship law. So the life experience of people and interaction with others in a social environment and also their socio-economic base which pave the way for the development of social interactions, cause people to be aware of their task and citizenship status. The results also show that there is a significant difference between the level of familiarity and obeying citizenship law among residents of developed and less developed territories.

One of the most important factors in the growth or development of higher education system in order to reach entrepreneurship is time management factor; paying attention to this important phenomenon makes this system to get closer to its goals. So one the higher education mangers' duties is recognizing the effective factors on the quality of the expert forces to make the students commit to the organization. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and time management of Islamic Azad University students to provide a significant model for students' time management based on their entrepreneurship .Statistical population of this study included all Islamic Azad University students from all branches of 12th educational district. Among from 180 university students were chosen through Multi-level random sampling for the final analyses. Questionnaires of entrepreneurship and time management were utilized as the main instruments in this research which were made by the researchers. The results of Linear Multiple Regression indicated that: 1. there is a relationship between entrepreneurship and time management.2. Entrepreneurship Model based on student's time management is as follows: Time management=9.435+0.258 (creativity)+0.389(perseverance).