JOURNAL OF IRANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (JISDS)
Year:2014 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 (24)|Papers Count:8

In the early 1990’s, the United Nations Human Development Report released in order to develop a human approach, and from the middle of the decade, especially in the wake of the Amsterdam statement issuance, social development factors such as social capital and quality of life entered into the literature of development. The aim of this research was to examine the two main variables of social development - social capital and quality of life in Tehran. The research was descriptive from the viewpoint of method, empirical from the viewpoint of purpose and synchronic from the viewpoint of time. The statistical population of the survey included all residents of the city and 400 residents were chosen by volume-related stratified sampling. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires was assessed using face validity and inter-rater and internal consistency reliability. Findings indicated direct and positive correlation between social development and the two factors social capital and quality of life at 0.01 significance level; hence increase or decrease in each variable causes increase or decrease in the level of social development. Regarding to the multi-variable regression results, even though quality of life had a greater impact on social development, the enhancement of social development in Tehran depends on bilateral increase in both variables.

Citizenship culture is the modern reception of human social life that included sustainable human interactions and influenced by the culture and citizenship concepts during the history, that in sociology perspective, social and cultural recognition, the position of culture and citizenship concepts and consequently citizenship culture seem necessary. Therefore citizenship culture studies has got a new trend and, through detecting dual concepts of culture and citizenship and their importance in the social life, citizenship gave a new formation in citizenship culture studies. The purpose of this article is seeks to examine the investigation on economic and social factors effective on citizenship culture development in Bushehr. It reviews the contextual meaning of the Theory of Parsons, Marshall and turner using for explanation citizenship culture. Applying the theories, it then seeks to economic and social factors effective on citizenship culture. Through the using survey method and questionnaire techniques on 458 surfers of citizen in Bushehr, as well as target sampling with a 0.05 percent margin of error and a 95 percent of accuracy, the final data and answers have been collected. The results suggest that there are effective citizenship awareness of Citizenship right, citizenship awareness of internal and external events, responsibility, and media on citizenship culture. The way the results suggest that there are not effective low tropical, the benefit of collective, universalism achievement to cultural centers. Income on citizenship culture.

The new approaches in urban development wouldn’t let the horizontal expansion of cities in order to preserve the environment and buoyancy enhancement. It is suggested in these approaches that vacant fields inside cities get to be the target of development instead of building on marginal fields. The inter-escalation development poses the bid of building on barren lands inside cities and heterogeneous applications (such as barracks, prisons and macro-scale contaminating industries) in order to provide the scarcities of cities (especially services and greenbelts). On the other hand, the buildings could be headed toward barren lands inside cities instead of marginal areas provided that it accompanies the augmentation in services per capita. The comprehensive plan of Tehran introduces the ‘organization and preservation of compass and discouragement of city expansion’ as the first strategy. Furthermore, some areas have been considered as the backup for urban renovation. This research tries to answer the question: is it possible to use the inter-escalation development in Tehran city as a dimension of sustainable urban development? In order to answer this question the theoretical framework and world experience on inter-escalation development have been studied and instructions excavated. Then, the historical characteristics of Tehran are reviewed these are analyzed in three dimensions of socio-economic, functional, somatic-environmental. Finally considering the Tehran conditions, some strategies and policies are introduced. These strategies could be used in the comprehensive plan review.

In modern days and in the era of countries competing, different societies try to consider the role of education and especially higher education in national development and raising knowledge and technology. So the role of higher education is unavoidable in development. The university is a valuable source in society. In developed and developing countries, the problem solving and providing the society necessities of national development are executed by universities and scholars. The main difference between developed and developing countries is their kind of attitude toward scientific development. The higher and better the education, the faster the national development. This article tries to review the changes in university services in Europe and Iran through time and its relationship with economic, social, political, human and cultural development and their effects on reaching a national development.

The citizenship culture is considered as a key factor in social and cultural development by scholars. The sense of belonging to a society is the result of objective and subjective elements of individual and social identity which can be recognized by the concept and factors of citizenship. These concepts have systematic relationships with each other and main concepts of citizenship. The aim of this study is the evaluation the relationship between the trilogy of individual, social and national identity and the amount of citizens’ fidelity toward citizenship culture in Tehran. This survey collects its data by questionnaire and interview. The statistical population is all citizens in Tehran in active age group in 2014. Using Cochran’s formula, 1112 individuals are selected by a random quota sampling. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show a significant positive relationship between the trilogy of identity and fidelity toward citizenship culture with 0.312, 0.382 and 0.279 respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis show that these three variables explain 18 percent of the changes in the dependent variable.

Healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for health and reducing sanitation problems, coping with life stressors and improve quality of life. Lifestyle helps us to see what people are doing, and what do they mean for their actions and for others to understand. In the present study, the relationship between health promoting lifestyle and quality of life of the students, were studied. In this research, 140 students using a non-random quota sampling technique are selected from Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University, and the SF36 questionnaire for promoting lifestyle is used. Data are analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA tests, Spearman correlation test, and t-test and regression analysis. There is a significant relationship between health promoting lifestyle and quality of life among students, (p=0.00). Among the six dimensions of health promoting behaviors, "the responsibility of their health", with a mean of 28.54 is the highest and "stress management" with an average of 9.03 is the lowest score. Among the eight dimensions of quality of life, "physical" with an average of 26.64 is the highest and "role limitations due to the physical problems" with an average of 4.82 is allocated to the lowest rating. The results show that there is a significant correlation a strong positive relationship between students' lifestyles, promoting quality of life and also lifestyle and quality of life for students at educational, employment status and marital status. And regression analysis show that students' health-promoting lifestyle is a good predictor for quality of life.

The aim of this study is to compare the marital satisfaction of working women and housewives, and its influencing factors in Izeh. The Maslow needs, Parsons and pressure theory are selected as the theoretical framework. The methodology, was a correlational analysis of individual respondents (married women 20 to 50 years) and level of analysis based on multistage cluster sampling, and the sample included 295 participants selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire is used to gather data. The SPSS software is used to analyze data by independent t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and Pearson and Multiple regression. The face validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients are used to calculate validity and reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.714. The results showed that the mean of satisfaction was 3.26 which almost upper intermediate. The mean comparisons revealed that there is a significant difference between marital satisfaction of working women and housewives and the working women were satisfied more. There was direct relationship between the level of the balance of power in the family, feeling the pressure of the role and number of children with marital satisfaction. But, there is negative and weak relationship between income and marital satisfaction. The regression analyze showed that 54.2% of changes in marital satisfaction are related to independent variables and the pressure to do the role, education, and making balance in authority of family received the most importance.

The main purpose of this study is to probe the characteristics of entrepreneurship of rural women who are member of Semnan’s micro credit funds. This study is according to practical goal and its method type is census (n=170). Questionnaire is used for collecting information. For questionnaire validity evaluation, comments of supervisors, advisors, professionals, experts in agricultural extension and education, and also Semnan’s credit fund officials, is used. For reliability test, the questionnaire gave to some women who are fund’s members, and the results was investigated, and the %88.5 Cronbach’s alpha obtained, that show the different parts of questionnaire is valid enough. In order to analyze research’s data, factor analysis is used. According to results, the characteristics of entrepreneurship sorted to 9 factors. The first factor is entitled "hardworking", is one of the most important properties, that explained variance at %14.33.The second factor is entitled "internal locus of control", explained variance at %11.26.The third factor is entitled "psychosocial risk", explained variance at %9.49.The forth factor is entitled "financial risk", explained variance at %8.55.The fifth factor is entitled "innovation", explained variance at %7.85.The sixth factor is entitled "tolerance of ambiguity", explained variance at %7.57.The seventh factor is entitled "creativity", explained variance at %6.98.The eighth factor is entitled "diligence", explained variance: %7.16.The ninth factor is entitled "opportunism", explained variance at %5.39.