JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL RESEARCH
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 (5)|Papers Count:8

Transmition of tuberculosis between man and livestock is quite common. In the world tuberculosis is described to be present in 20 million people. and every year 5 million people is added to this figure. People living in poorer areas are more in danger of the tuberculosis. Tuberculosis has been diagnosed in cows with dilapidated tubercles in various organs. In addition to the cow, man, goats and pigs are sensitive to bovine tuberculosis, sheep and horses show a kind of natural resistance.Three types of Mycobacterium tubercule bacilli have been recognized among warm blooded animals, which human tuberculosis species (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and bovine species (Mycobacterium bovis) are very similar to each other but a kind of chicken species is different.Identification of different mycobacterial species with biochemical and phenotypic methods is time-consuming and difficult, and using these diagnostic methods created some problems to identify some of these species. Today rapid molecular diagnostic methods for mycobacterial species which infected human communities have important position in epidemiology and control of tuberculosis. Therefore, the recognition of the strain types in every region reveals the usefull information about the disease for every society. This issue in identifying all cases infected with the mycobacterial strains (Atypical and TB) is very important.Recently some techniques such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and the use of specific probes in the diagnosis of mycobacterial strains have much efficiency. By using these methods one can easily take samples from suspicious humans or animals and in one mycobacterial infection and species identification can be performed. It is obvious that quick diagnosis of mycobacterial infections can help to reduce the disease in the country.

Coccidiosis is a significant problem in the industrial poultry raising systems and several drugs are being used in order to prevent and treat this problem. Ionophores are the most common anticoccidials drug. Salinomycin has an extreme use in Iran poultry industry as a coccidiostat drug, this study has been performed to evaluate toxicity effects of its overdoses in broiler chickens infected by experimental coccidiosis on the basis of histopathological findings.50 female Cobb-500 day-old chicks randomly divided in 5 groups (control positive, control negative and treatment 1, 2 and 3).All chickens were infected by Eimeria strains included 25% E.tenella, 40% E.maxima, 20% E.acervulina and 15% E.necatrix in oral administration of 100 (equal to 10000 Oocysts).Control positive group was received preventing dose of Salinomycin (75 ppm). Chickens in treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 received 150, 300 and 600 ppm of drug respectively and in negative control group no drug was added after contamination.During the study, external symptoms and necropsy findings were exactly evaluated. The tissue samples were fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin, routinely embedded in paraffin and stained with H& E.Results indicated that higher doses (up to 75 ppm) of Salinomycin increase depression and paralysis.Toxicated chickens were depressed and muscles atrophy, falling down of wings and neck and also green diarrhea were observed obviously.Macroscopic examination confirmed that enhancement the dose of Salinomycin significantly prevent intestinal villi and mucous destruction due to Eimeria invasion, but influence growing performance considerably.Acute Cell Swelling (ACS) in proximal tubules and Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) were obvious pathologic findings in kidneys. Microscopic findings indicate congestion and hemorrhage in the majority of tissues with necrosis and accumulation of inflammatory cells.

Coccidiosis is one of the common intestinal infections in calves worldwide. Different Species of Eimeria protozoans causes coccidiosis in dairy farms. These protozoa live in intestinal epithelial cells and its life cycle in intestine causes severe diarrhea in young calves.15 different Eimeria spp. Had been recognized around the world which E.bovis and E.zurnii are the most virulent.In this study, 3 dairy farm at Alborz province in Iran were studied.100 faecal samples were taken and after sporulation of those in 2.5% potassium bichromate presence of Eimerial oocysts were surveyed by using Flotation method such as Clayton-Layn and Modified Mc master techniques. The results showed that infection were only in calves, Mean infection rate was 2%, which this rate is near the results of Razavi and colleagues studies in dairy farms of Shiraz region but is less than Yakhchali study in Sanandaj Province of Iran.All Positive calves in our study were under 3 months of age. The low infection rate in this study is related to animal’s age, individual characteristics and good management of farms, but the latter is probably more important.

Entrotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is one of the most common type of calves colibacillosis. The main virulence attributes to ETEC are adhesions (especially K99 and F41fimberia) and neurotoxins (specially heat stable toxin). In the present study we detected ETEC from E.coli that were isolated from diarrheic calves at 1-30 days old in Alborz province. Therefore, we conducted molecular study based detection of virulence genes K99, F41 and Sta during May to November 2010. Among 60 isolated E.coli from calves diarrhea six (10%) ETEC were detected. All the positive cases were calves with less than 7 days old, which 5 cases (83.3) were less than 4 days old. All detected ETEC possed three virulent genes.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of administration of exogenous hCG 5 days after artificial insemination (AI) on serum progesterone concentration and conception rate in dairy cows.39 lactating dairy cattle randomly allotted to 2 experimental groups: Treated group included 19 dairy cows that received 3000IU hCG on day 5 after AI and non treated (control) group included 21 dairy cows that only received 5ml normal saline 5 day after AI.Blood sampling obtained on day 5, before administration of exogenous hCG and normal saline, and also on day 13 after AI to measure serum progesterone concentrations. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal palpation 40- 60 days after AI. On day 13 average serum progesterone concentrations were 7.72ng/ml and 8.25ng/ml in hCG and control groups respectively. Pregnancy proportion in hCG and control groups were 31.6% and 47.6% respectively.Statistical analysis of results did not show any significant difference between two groups in respect to pregnancy proportion or progesterone concentrations (p>0.05).

Hypocalcaemia is a risk factor for many important diseases such as ketosis, in the lactation period. Hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia are the main metabolically disturbances in ketosis, which may affect the clinical syndrome. In most cases, the severity of clinical syndrome is related to the level of hypoglycaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between subclinical hypocalcaemia and serum glucose at postpartum period in a dairy farm with 2000 cattle in Tehran province.Blood samples were taken from 1000 cattle; serum glucose and calcium were measured within the first 12 hours at 24 hours and 10 days postpartum.In this study, the prevalence of subclinical hypocalcaemia with the cutting point of 8mg/dl was 37, 51 and 7 percent, respectively. For hypoglycaemia with the cutting point of 35mg/dl, the prevalence were 0, 1 & 8 percent respectively.Based on statistical tests: hypocalcaemia cases showed decreased in mean level of serum glucose, to compare with the normal cases (P=0.017). Calcium concentration in 10 days postpartum showed correlation with the serum glucose level at the same time (P=0.0005).

Individual housing can induce physiological and behavioral changes on domestic and laboratory animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensitivity. Mice were separated for 4 weeks until pain testing began. Their visceral pain sensitivity was compared to the group housed mice. Both male and female single-housed mice showed significantly reduced visceral pain sensitivity, but results showed that the reduction of pain was greater in individually-housed male mice. We could conclude that individual housing has effects on pain sensation in mice.

Sacroiliac luxation results when there is disruption of the articulation between the wing of the sacrum and iliac wing. This problem may be unilateral or bilateral. A two year-old, 9 kg weighting, male Spitz dog was referred to private clinic. Clinical signs were non-weight-bearing on hind-limbs, lameness, and loss of appetite and sever pain on palpation.Sacroiliac separation and fracture of ilium were reconstructed using cortical screw and 2.7 plates respectively.Muscles, subcutaneous tissue, and skin of both sides were sutured routinely. Postoperative care was performed by broad-spectrum antibiotic and aspirin. The patient started weight bearing on day 4 after operation. Clinicians should reconstruct sacroiliac separation immediately because of nerve roots engagement following the sacroiliac separation and pelvic fracture and likely secondary nerve root damage or disruption.