JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL RESEARCH
Year:2013 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 (12)|Papers Count:8

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of using of poultry by-product meal as animal protein source, to comparison all vegetable diets formulated with soybean meal, on prevention of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. A total of 280, 7-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 28 pens that included 7 treatments with new pine shavings as litter. Each treatment had 4 replications. Experimental treatments were: 1) control 2, 3 and 4) diets with 5% of poultry by-product meal with arrangement of A, Band C slaughterhouse; 5, 6 and 7) diets with 10% of poultry by-product meal from A, Band C slaughterhouse. Birds were fed the experimental diets from 8 day old up to 42 days of age. Data were evaluated by ANOYA in a completely randomized design statistical procedure of SAS software. Mean differences representing statistical differences were using Tukey,s test. The feet were scored on all birds on 28, 35 and 42 day of age and the severity of lesions was recorded as none, intermediate and severe. Litter samples were collected 28, 35 and 42 of age for moisture, total N and pH analysis. The incidence of footpad dermatitis was significantly affected by protein source and protein levels. Birds fed all vegetable diets showing higher incidence and severity than those fed vegetable plus animal diets. Litter moisture, N2 and pH, although not significant. The incidence and severity of footpad dermatitis was significantly affected by protein source and protein levels and age. Hence, nutritional factors play a significant role in the etiology of FPD in broilers.

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relation to peri parturient disorders in dairy farm in Shahr-e-kord. A total 203 multiparous Holstein cows (parity 2-9) were randomly selected from 10 commercial dairy herds. Since the likely risk time for occurrence of ketosis is during 2-5 weeks after parturition, the blood samples were taken wk 1 before calving and at wk 2 and 3 after calving. From 3 weeks before calving to 3 months after calving, peripartum diseases informations including milk fever, metritis, mastitis, clinical ketosis, displaced abomasum, retained placenta, dystocia, pneumonia and lameness were gathered in data sheet form. Beta-hydroxy butyrate and glucose were measured in serum by using automated analyzer and statistical analysis was performed to investigate the prevalence of ketosis (clinical and subclinical) and related peri parturient diseases. In this study, the prevalence of subclinical ketosis, using cut-off 1200 mmol/lit of beta-hydroxy butyrate was 0.98 in wk 1 before, 9.8 in wk 2 and 13.79 percent in wk 3 after parturition respectively. It was shown that there is a significant correlation between subclinical ketosis and left displacement of abomasum, metritis and mastitis (p<0.05), separately so that the odds ratio of each disease was 9.74, 4.26 and 6.64 respectively.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial cause of infectious mastitis is usually have reversible nature, chronic and resistant to treatment. One of the most convincing theories offered for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of S. aureus mastitis is both ability to build virulence factor and ability to generate and growth in structures called biofilms in infected tissues that can lead to resistance to most antibiotics. This research done on milk samples from 20 cows with clinical S. aureus mastitis. The result of antibiogram test are showed 100% resistance to antibiotics Penicillin, Cloxacillin, Kanamycin, Neomycin and Streptomycin against revealed 100% susceptibility to antibiotics Enrofloxasin, Gentamicin, Novobiocin, Cobactan, Nafpenzal, Ceftiofor, Florophenicol, Lincospectin, TETRA-DELTA and Gentamox. Antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics Tylosin, Lincomycin, Soltrim, Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazol, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin, respectively was, 60, 0, 70, 70, 0, 0 and 45%. About prevalence fib, fnbA, fnbB and bap genes that are involved in biofilm formation, results respectively to 85, 80, 65 and 0% showed. The results indicate high ability of S.aureus in biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics categories Beta-lactam and Aminoglycosides.

Currently, somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture is considered as the gold standard of detecting subclinical mastitis. However, the above-mentioned tests have a low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, for identification of infected animals, new biomarkers with high clinical accuracy are needed. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. The activities of these enzymes increase during mastitis, which make them to be the potential biomarkers for screening of mastitis. A total of 145 clinically healthy cows were randomly selected. Of these, 77 cows were considered to be affected by subclinical mastitis based on a SCC higher than 100x1000 cells/ml of milk and positive bacterial culture results of milk samples obtained from at least one of the quarters. Enzymes activities were measured in blood serum and defatted milk (centrifuged at 5000 Øg for 15 min at 4o) using commercial kits. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and cutoff points for each test were determined via receiver-operating characteristics curve. Significant (P<0.001) increases in the mean and median activities of LDH and ALP were found in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. Milk LDH had the most clinical accuracy with 94.8% sensitivity and 94.1 % specificity at cutoff point of 109 U/L. The results of the present study showed that the measurement of LDH and ALP activities in milk samples could be used as reliable method for detection of bovine subclinical mastitis.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Ghezel ewes selected from 9 flocks in Nagadeh, Northwestern Iran. Collectively 146 milk samples from 73 ewes were taken for the California Mastitis Test (CMT), bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates. Samples from both glands of 37.73 (50.68 %) ewes had positive CMT results. Bacteria were isolated from 30.146 (20.54 %) udder halves and 17.73 (23.28 %) ewes. Prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis based on positive CMT and bacteriological results was 23.28 % of examined ewes. A total of30 isolates comprising Escherichia coli (33.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%), Staph. epidermidis (16.66%), Staph. intermedius (16.66%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (16.66%) were identified. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed gentamicin to be the most effective antibiotic against all of isolates, with 28.30 (93.33 %) being susceptible. A positive correlation was found between CMT score and the age of ewe (P<0.01). The relationship between CMT score and the bacterial isolation rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05). It is concluded that for screening of subclinical mastitis in Ghezel sheep flocks, CMT test could be used with 100% sensitivity.

For many years parasites had damaged to human's and animal's health. Form years ago herbal medicines had used for treatment of parasitic diseases. Later they has replaced by new chemical medicines, but these drug such as Benzimidazole and Analides groups created resistance, therefore Praziquantel forte as new medicines has used. In this study, in 30 dog of different gender, race and age, the antihelminth's effect of this drug has studied. Before treatment and 48 hours after oral medicine, stool samples were taken and EPG (Eggs Per Geram) were measured. Results of this study has showed that maximum of EPG before treatment was 73 % and after was reduced to 4 %. Minimum of EPG before treatment was 5% and after was 0% . Finally by statistical soft ware the average of all percentages of cleanings was 90.91%.

A nine-year-old toy poodle spayed female dog has been referred to small animal clinic with nodular elevation hyperpigmented mass on the back with ulceration. Radiograph survey did not show a metastatic mass in thoracic cavity. The patient was prepared for operation and positioned in ventral recumbency. After surgical excision, the incision was sutured routinely. Excised sample fixed in 10% formalin and then embedded with paraffin. Macroscopically, tumors has been appeared as yellow to flesh-colored papules, and microscopically, basophilic reserve cells with fewer sebocytes and ducts were seen. This clinical report showed that sebaceous epithelioma could develop on other place like on back in poodle dog.

A 6 years-old female Persian cat was presented with an Oral tumor. A hemispherical mass, 18 mm in maximum diameter, without a peduncle and bright reddish in color, was observed on the gingiva of the left mandible. Radiographic study shows osteolysis. The tumor was surgically removed via gingival incision around the margin to the depth of connective tissue layer. Histopathological examination indicated that the tumor contained a large number of neoplastic fibroblasts intermixed with vascular stroma and collagen tissue and was diagnosed as fibromatous epulides with malignant characteristics. Tumor was recurred after 3 months. Due to lack of owner interest to treatment with chemotherapy agents and following his decision, the cat was Euthanized with overdose injection of thiopental sodium.