Cultural History Studies (Pejuhesh Nameh Anjoman-e Iraniye Tarikh)
Year:2014 | Volume:5 | Issue:20|Papers Count:6

Although Parthian era (248.7 BC-224 AD) is one of the longest periods in history of Iran, due to the limitation of main sources such as literature, archaeological and historical evidences, there are some deficiencies of research in this field especially in Iran. Despite the lack of resources, collections of Parthian coins with special features are available which give unique and valuable information to the researchers of Parthian history. Therefore, the present study will use the knowledge of numismatics and semiotics, in order to introduce and evaluate examples of the earliest Parthian coins until the reign of Mithradates II (88 BC. - 123 BC.).While the process for using three symbols of Archer, Omphalos and Throne will identify, review and interpreted. This research will show that Parthian kings consciously used Greek symbols’ functions, changed these symbols in order to consolidate the indigenous traditions and used the connotation of these three icons for explaining the legitimacy of Parthian rule.

The focus of this paper is on the ‘promotion of virtue and prevention of vice’, which has not been implemented as many other Islamic concepts. In this study, in addition to explaining the nature and significance of this concept, it has been tried to answer, from a historical approach, the question on why ‘Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice’ has been faded out in Islamic societies and it has been less considered. ‘Historical approach’ here means explaining the problem in concrete form and in the political, social and economic contexts. The results show that the main challenge has stemmed from formation of rigid structures and authoritarian regimes, because the underlying concept in the ‘Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice’ comprises the personal and social freedom in confrontation with government. Hence, in spite of the emphasis on religious texts, in practice and during history it has been considered rarely.

This research is trying to accomplish a comparative study on the theoretical basis of Farr–e Izadi (divine charisma) and Zell-allah (shadow of God) based on historical texts and narratives of Muslim scholars and to answer the questions about their similarities and differences and about is it possible to assume Zell-allah concept as a continuation of Farr–e Izadi? In contrary with the commonly thought which suppose these two concepts as a same kind, the main hypothesis of this paper is that Farr–e Izadi (divine charisma) and zellallah (shadow of God) concepts despite some commonalities have important distinctions and differences. The results of this research which have been achieved by application of historical explanation and comparative method show that these two concepts belong to two cultural systems of history of Iran which each of these two concepts has have the possibility of emergence in its especial conditions of its own period. Thus Farr–e Izadi (divine charisma) should be comprehended in the context of political culture of Kingship in ancient Iran and zell-allah (shadow of God) should be comprehended in the context of the Sultanate system of Islamic period.

The attempt to rethink on the traditional mental models is an outcome of Iran and the west relations during contemporary period. In this way, Iranian Modern Intellectuals have challenged the concept of childhood and the status of children and proposed a new definition of childhood which entered the society in a new era. The main problem of this paper is about the status of Iranian child in the Reza shah’s modernization process and the changes which the concept of childhood experienced during that period. The main hypothesis of this research is that the concept of childhood during Reza shah period was the result of the changes which have been started from preconstitutional period in the public perceptions and emerged as a part of the demands of the constitutionalist intellectuals and by passing time from Qajar period to Pahlavi period it has been given to the society and the new government as a legacy. Reza shah government has focused on the children’s and made and implemented policies which resulted to vast changes in the society.

Armenian presence in Iran from the 17th century not only left an important influence on business and economy of Iran but it also emerged influential in the fields of culture and art. In this paper it has been tried to explain the status of Minas, Armenian painter of 17th century by application of descriptive – analytical method based on the history of painting of Iranian Armenians. Findings of this study proved that Minas as an Iranian-Armenian painter emerged as an influential figure in history of painting of Iran by introducing European painting to Iran, to draw large portraits with oils, to teach Reza Abbasi and his emphasis on the presence of painting in social life. The aim of this article is to study the place of this anonymous painter in the history of Iranian painting and to know about his abilities and impacts on Iranian painting in seventeenth century.

We have also tried to demonstrate some of the topics as historians. This approach should lead us to showcase the history of the development of these cultural relationships. In this article, we have dealt with the most important issues of the cultural relations between Iran and Germany from Safavid era until the end of Qajar period. Our documents show that those relations were never independent from the influences of the two states diplomacies. In this paper a documentary report from these two states mutual relations has been presented and we have discussed the cultural interactions of the two nations as well as the mutual influences and effects based on 25 unpublished documents. In some parts of this paper to show some clear and apparent evidences on the history of the evolution of the mutual relations it has been tried to introduce some problems in a narrative form based on historical documents.