PAZHUHESHHA-YE ELM VA DIN (SCIENCE AND RELIGION STUDIES)
Year:2015 | Volume:5 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

There has been disagreement among different schools of thought over the concept of reason and its applications. Therefore, the study at hand presents the viewpoint of the Kufa school of thought about the concept of reason, and reports on the rationalism that was adopted by the outstanding figures of this school. This study is comprised of two sections discussing the concept of reason and the Kufa School’s rationalist approaches, respectively. In the first section, issues such as reason’s status, authoritativeness, consequences, impediments, and domain have been discussed. In the second part, the rationalism indices – the manifestations of reason in Imams and their companions in the Kufa school of thought – are presented in three subsections which regard the Imams, the Imams and their companions, and the Imam’s companions. Issues such as religious discussions, inquiries and examinations regarding the religious issues, obtaining the derivative principles from the fundamental principles, examination of anomalous transferred words, and composing refutations are among these indices.This study, which has adopted the library research method and has been conducted mainly identification and extrapolation of the narrations, presents the importance and the great reliance of the Kufa school of thought on reason, and meanwhile, its consideration of the redlines. Moreover, it recounts the breadth of the reason’s performance and the rationalism indices in relation to the Revelation and in the light of the companions’ adherence to the Imams in the Kufa school of thought.

Mormonism is one of the cults of Christianity that was established in America in the nineteenth century. It is important to recognize sect of Mormonism, because it has significant growth in America and Europe and also some sociologists expect it to bo globalized. This article describs Mormonism and explains the historic context of rise, birth and death of the founder, message of the founder, ups and downs, causes of extend, the Scriptures and doctrines.This paper tries to find the similarities and differences of Mormonism in respect to mainstream Christianity. We want to explain its maximum compatibility with American culture and adjustment of some of its doctrins, expressing how this cult seeks the new Jerusalem in holy land of America trise to base current Americans originality on an Israeli-Hebraic descent and it’s effort to prepare world for return of Christ.

Having long history in human life, science and religion in their long history have influenced it and approximately there was no contradiction. The progress of sciences which started since 17th led scientists to some discoveries deferent from and sometimes in opposition to the formal doctrines of religion in so far as the clerics and scientists started criticizing the views of each other. In 17th century because of new meanings science and religion the conflict between them changed. Before that time science had no nature independent from philosophy, ethics and theology and the religion which was based on faith before Enlightenment, in that age turned to the reason and the truth and falseness of its propositions started to be assessed. Because of getting two new different and separated natures, the conflict between science and religion became one of the important debates of 19th century, the subject that will be discussed in this article.

Among the arguments presented to prove God is Seddiqin argument. The advantage of this argument to other arguments is that it does not use any creatures of God to prove the existence of God. Tow versions of this argument are Mulla Sadra's and Allameh Tabatabaee's. This paper depicts that these arguments - contrary to their apparent difference and common understanding - are not essentially different, and both - after admitting the principiality of existence - are nothing but reflection in the truth of absolute pure existence, the existence of which is an eternal necessity and thus necessary being. Furthermore the paper shows that Allameh Tabatabaee's argument is based on the principiality of existence and not on the principiality of reality. Also neither of the arguments is, in fact, an argument (becase they have no midle term). The Seddiqin argument is just a statement of the evidence of the existence of God.

One of the most significant issues in today’s world is the immediate alterations of governments as well as governorship and directions processes. The traditional and historical roles of governments have changed and the governorship and directing processes nature have been transformed all over the world consequently. In Regards to governorship there are numbers of various theories being submitted by connoisseurs, but what has been taken into consideration more is a good governorship. Criticisms as well as inadequacies of a good governorship caused us searching for a more comprehensive alternative, and bringing up the concept of comprehensive governorship. What gaps are evident in public administration field is arguing about comprehensive governorship as a substitute for good governorship. The current research has proceeded to explain the comprehensive governorship dimensions and features from the governmental standpoint of Imam Ali, and has also compiled the transcendental governorship model based on Imam Ali’s Governmental Life. The current research has two sections including referring to the management scientists’ researches regarding to review and criticism of governorship concepts, theories and patterns as well as their reading out (revision) on the basis of the Islamic thoughts and introduction of alternative principles or complementary comprehensive governorship pattern based on verses and traditions. That is why the research method being used in this Research is a one which is harmonious with the particular circumstances of each case which observes the specialties and conditions of each section as well. This anxiety caused us using both Religious Jurisprudence & Hermeneutics Methods in the current research. This research is a fundamental one striving toward reaching a fixed reliable explanation in regards to features of comprehensive governorship from the point of view of Imam Ali’s Knowledge, through integration of Religious Jurisprudence & Hermeneutics Methods.

In this paper, the view of Alghazali’s fideistic and the effects and implications in religious education has been studied. For this aim, first has been described the reason of preferring of faith-oriented position instead of other religious education approaches. Then based on Alghazali’s thoughts in the case of Eshaereh, Tasavvof and opposition with philosophy, has been emphasized that Alghazali believed of different human beings. So this differentiation has followed various justifications to accept belief. Based on those differentiations, some believe that no reason is needed to faith. In one hand, some apply for faith rationality and reasoning, on the other hand, based on Alghazali’s views, others choose for religiosity priority position of faith which is called the mysticism. Each one of these realms, if is on the base of Sharia, can construct the faith in human kinds. Although, those approaches, can have variety of reasoning in the case of religious education. In this paper, religious education has been studied based on three groups of masses, mystic nobles and also argument servitors. The findings show that each of mentioned groups pursues some aims, features and principals.

The scientific movement of Islamization of Knowledge, which has been started since two centuries ago, has some serious supporters in some Islamic and Arabic nations. Ismail Raji Al Faruqi and his adherents are those of Muslim thinkers that have paid more attention to this subject and theorized for its actualization and did some practical steps. They have theoretically emphasized on some actions such as: rereading of Islamic scientific heritage, recognition the causes of contemporary Muslims declining, establishing of Islamic methodology which inspired by the Quran, producing of Islamic English literature and reforming of contemporary educational system of Islamic nations, and practically have taken actions in establishing of some Islamic institutes and universities. They, totally, have succeeded to introduce the literature of Islamization of Knowledge in the Muslim World. Their sectarian and maybe Salafism tendencies, however, and unreal methodological expectations of the Quran for taking their theories, have caused to some failures. In this paper, by reviewing of viewpoints of Al Faruqi and his adherents in Islamization of knowledge, it is tries to analysis the positive and negative aspects of their theoretical and practical achievements, in order to use their experiences in Islamization of Knowledge in the contemporary age.