JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (KERMAN)
Year:2009 | Volume:NEW | Issue:25 (22)|Papers Count:19

This study was intended to firstly analyze various dimensions of personality in Saddi, s literary works and then compare the results with the way personality is reflected George Kelly, s cognitive psychology. Having evaluated Kelly, s attitiudes on personality. The author then analyzed Saddi, s viewpoints on the nature of man and personality and compared them with those of Kelly. The main focus of the study was a comparative analysis of some auxiliary principles on personality in George Kelly and Sadd, s works. The investigation was carried out using a rather comparative method without predilection for any particular value. The method of evaluation was library oriented and the analytical methods were basically comparative. Without being necessarily based on any sampling techniques.Nonetheless, in discussing each part. There could have been references to a few examples. Apart from differences in ideas and manner of expression- that seems to be usual- the findings of this study are mostly related to similarities in Sadd, s views that are general in nature.Thay have been discussed in the evaluation and analysis parts in full details.The results of such studies could arm the reader with new looks at the texs that are intended to identify similaritites in scholars, views on the one hand and develop a good background on identify similaritites available in various cultures and theoritical approches on the other.

The main purpose of this research is to explore the effect of error correction on the acquisition of grammatical features by EFL learners.The study was an attempt to ascertain whether error correction would have any effects on learning the definite and indefinite articles as well as errors of regular and irregular past tense forms.To collect the data for the study, 56 intermediate students of English in Iranian school settings were used as the participants. Through an oral interview, each participant was required to read and then retell a written text in their own words. During or following the interview the examiner provided the participants with immediate explicit, delayed explicit and immediate implicit corrective oral feedback on their grammatical errors.Based on the participants’ errors, a tailor-made test in multiple-choice format was constructed for each. As a consequence of data analysis, the findings show that irregular past tense form is learnt before regular past tense and definite article ‘the’ is learned before indefinite articles ‘a’ and ‘an’. This finding lends support to the arguments put forward by different SLA researchers that confirmed the role of negotiation as well as the role of saliency and individualized attention in language learning. The results of the study also have some implications for both second language acquisition and language pedagogy. For example, We must take learning sequence into consideration in both classroom teaching practices and instructional materials development.

Regarding technical features, Didactive poetry is different from poetry arising by emotion and imagination. Its in the form of poetry, but the content is science. It has neither the element of imagination and affection nor the vastness or accuracy of science. However, this doesn’t that it is without any benefit, because it first and most essential feature is the preserving and keeping science from being forgotten. The heritage of old Arabic literature does not include this type of poetry and should have roots in Omavid era. The poets and scientists of the Abbasid era have brought about the blooming of verse poetry with the help of the Omavid collections and accessing information from the literary and scientific treasure houses of other countries. The number of collections is large, to a point that their index is presented in a large volume.

To develop grammatically suitable English, learners need to have the ability to use the appropriate forms of a word in the context. If they do not have adequate knowledge of the four major word classes, they are either forced to use only the forms they already know or use a totally different word that is appropriate to the given grammatical context. It may be assumed that when a learner knows one member of a word family (e.g., produce), the other members (e.g., production, productive) are relatively easy to learn. Although knowing one member of a word family facilitates receptive mastery of the other members, previous studies indicate that English learners often face significant problem producing the four different derivative forms (i.e; noun, verb, adjective, and adverb) within a word family. To explore the issue, the present study examines the productive derivational knowledge across members of a word family for 16 prompt words and in relation to more global knowledge of the target words. A total of 93 postgraduate and undergraduate English language teaching students at Shiraz AzadUniversity, and Marvdasht Azad University participated in the study. A self-rating four-stage developmental scale and a derivative elicitation test were used to direct the research questions. The results of the study showed that nouns and verbs were the best known family members with adjective and adverbs being less known. The subjects showed derivative knowledge of two of the four possible derivative forms for each word family. In addition, as the global knowledge of word knowledge increased, the productive derivational knowledge also increased steadily. Some suggestions are offered to facilitate the teaching of derivative forms.

Sokhan Persian Dictionary is known a partial revolution in the scope of Persian lexicography. Paying attention to scientific aspects of lexicography in a period of time which Persian language has been faced with a serious and real vacuum in this area, such an attention is the most significant feature of this dictionary. Paying attention to the etymology of the entries, as well as using a linguistic corpus to select the entries, attaching importance to the word registers and to the area of words application, furnishing the entries with suitable examples and etc. are the features which make this dictionary take precedence over the available ones. In spite of the attention and importance which have been paid to the selection of the words etymology, some drawbacks are clearly significant. Therefore, this paper tries to study and consider some of them in three subsections.

In Pahlavi Period, stylist poets such as Shamloo, Akhavan, Sepehri, and Farrokhzad, having independence of mind and language and art rules, had great impact on literary circles and produced powerful circumstances in poem. Some of young and new arrived poets also made sins on these prevailing circumstances with their great enthusiasm and heat and historical and social conditions agreed with their attempts for a short while and in this way some poetic circumstances were made in Pahlavi period literature. The most notable of these poetic circumstances was Space mental Poem which was set forth by Yadollah Royaee and his adherents in 1348 and made a lot of noise in Iran's literary society.

In the ghazis of Hafez, the moments of time are neither alike nor continuous. He experiences two types of time; holy and non-holy. One is the instable and transient passage of days i.e. regular time, and the other is a sequence of visionary and inspirational understanding of eternity in special moments wherein he moves away from his fanciful world to attain them.Entering into his symbolic time, Hafez's should gets interwoven with the unknown truths of the existence and faces inspirational and visionary moments. In his divan, this symbolical concept of time is referred to with terms such as; dream, yesterday, last night, dawn, the early morning, eternity without beginning, aurora, break of day, etc. It's in these moments when he, in proportion to the situation, states one of his experiences wherein he has been illuminated to visions and manifestations. This article studies the symbolic concept of time in Hafez's ghazis based on library research, wherein all data are classified and analyzed before being presented in a descriptive manner and analyzing the content.

Rhyme is one of parades of music of poetry. But musical role is generally ignored.Since acquaintance of Hafez with complicated relation between melodic system of the words, has come in to existence a chain of the best euphony of rhymes in the side another symmetry, contrast, figures of speech, the writer tries, the musical role of the rhyme study while considering gazals of Hafez. Nice cuts of the rhyming words, stable and miscellaneous constructure of the rhyme which is organized out of the fine and fluent or the most resonant type of letters. The lucky local situating rhyme scheme applied by Hafez in order to gain a literal& meaningful sort of personification relating to pertinent purports, the effect of resonance in rhyming letters in compensation with the rhythmic kind of limitations and suggestion of objective sort of feelings & sentiments by the poem melodical, assonance in verses with the rhyming letters together with , the effects of common consonant and the vowels followed by all- through remaining rhyme in the wealth of musical rhyme in the article studied as the euphony agents of rhyme in Hafez poetry.

This article is going to study the causative sentences and ditransitive verbs in Farsi language from the viewpoint of GB & Minimalism and express how they can be shown in tree diagrams.It also examines their suggestions about these two structures in Farsi language. As causative sentences and ditransitive verbs have more than one obligatory object in Farsi language, so Larsen's suggestion about the use of vp shell and vp core is applicable into these two structures in Farsi language.

Harmony is the main element of each system especially poetry. It is the intellectual and the sentimental unity among the poetry's components, like the unity between a thought or an image and its expression. The harmony in nature is the foundation upon which the harmony of arts rests, since it is beautiful and appealing, the harmony of poetry which is the created nature by poet is beautiful too. In a piece of poetry, there are different types of harmonies as harmony between the elements of the internal structure or the external structure of poetry, etc All of these harmonies cause the creation of beauty and if there are no harmonies between the elements of a section of poetry, it will cause chaos in the whole poetry. The harmony between content and language, images or music is more important than the other kinds of harmony. In this paper, an analysis will be presented about some of the most important types of them.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the structural Function of the narratee and narrator. Narrators’ classification is based upon on their presence and participation in the levels of the story as fallows: extradiegetic, intradiegtic, heterodiegetic and homodiegetic narrators. Narratee is one of the Fictional participants who is addressed by the narrator and narratees are divded into two essential types: extradiegetic narratees and interadiegetic narratees. An extradiegetic narratee is the agent who is not given a role as a character in a narrative that told to him. But an intradiegetic narratee in narrative undertakes a character role. Therefor a narratee is in some narrative must be taken as on of the basic frameworks of the text. In certain classical works of Persian literature; for instance in Nezamis ' haft - peykar, Bahram e' gour undertakes the role of the narratee.in this work, seven princess as intra-heterodiegetic narrators, in turn, narrate a fable for Bahram e' gour; while he is the single extradiegetic narratee of the text.

A great village, Charkh, one of the suburbs of province Luger in Afghanistan, is the birthplace of our master Yaqub Charkhi. One of the Gnostics and Quran commentators of the 9th A.H century, our master Charkhi was Khaje Baha-al-Din Naghshband’s disciple. He was a learned man of outward and inward knowledge. According to the document Khazineye al-Asfia he passed away in 851 A.H and his tomb in the village “Helffo” (Helftor) of the today Tajikistan, at a distance of about 5 kilometer from the city Dushanbe is the place of pilgrimage of everyone, individuals and groups. He travelled to Bokhara, Herat and Egypt to study and complete his knowledge. Until 791 A.H, when Khaje Baha-al-Din Naghshband passed away he was in Bokhara. Some of the literary works left from Charkhi are: (1) Asma-al-Hosna treatise which is an unknown work of Charkhi and is kept in Pakistan as a handwritten manuscript. (2) Commentary on Surah (chapter of Quran) Fatehe and the last two section of Quran written in a learned and mystical style and published in India and Pakistan. (3) Naeiyeh treatise in expanding the preface of Mathnavi Manavi and the tale of the king and the bondmaid and the story of Sheykh Daghoughi and Sadr Jahan and Sheykh Mohammad Sarzari. (4) Abdalieh treatise which is a brief paper in proving the existence of masters and their degree written based on Hojviri’s book entitled Kashf-al-Mahjoub.

Quite undoubtedly, social criticism is the most significant element in the poetry of Parvin Etesami. Her poetry is largely influenced by the social structure of pre and post Constitution Revolution of Iran. In a large number of her poems, she criticizes the current state of affair of the country through depicting artistic as well as critical thoughts of the period. From her point of view, justified and popular art is one which is at the service of improving cultural awareness and constructive criticism. Such an approach is greatly in line with the doctrines of critical aesthetics theoreticians (Frankfurt School).The authors of the current article attempt to give a concise definition of critical aesthetics theory and then apply the doctrines of this school of thought to the poetry of Parvin Etesami.

Javahery was born in religious family at 20th century. This amorous revolutionary poet during one century composed nearly 20thousand couplet. He is considered opposite collections, in other words. Once he is Motanabbi, other time Bohtory& Abo Al Ala Maerri and in other place Abo Novas and Omae ebn Abi Rabie and Sharif Razy. Javahery had written in all poetry ways and had been able to them.In this paper some aspects of his poetic purpose and motives are followed: (1) Eulogy: his aim of eulogy wasn’t material covet oneness or social conditions, but he penetrated beyond praising Horizons and gave carefulness to him to direct the ways which he want. (2) Elegy: most of his elegy poets have political comedian aspects with criticizing special positions. He is creature of innovation in this area. (3) Description: Javahery culminated in description.He described new and pleasant features of rivers.date palm, shores and mountains which is shining tubule in Arabic poetry sky. (4) Political poetry: most of his poems is political poetry. Meaning politics isn’t anything except to snick in events whirlpool, which is connected to all people fate. (5) Lyric poem: he has particular view on women that is proper to him. meanwhile his naked lyric poem have made tumult and propounded many questions. He has hidden motives over his naked lyric, poem.

The word “Love” has been blended with persian literature such a high level that if we remove from persian literature, nothing remais except a body without life. But it is very strange that the mystics of the first centuries hasn’t used thise word much; Besides, this word hasn’t been come in the Koran and there is no value for it in the words of the Holy prohet (peace Be Upon Him) and the religious leaders. Without thought, this matter brings to one’s mind that why there is little atention to this subject. This essay is an attempt to give an answer to this defined question. In this essay, firstly, we inspected the words “Love” and “kindness” as words and and have expressed the differences between those two words, and then have presented causes and reasons as a reply according to two points of view: lexical and historical aspects. We hope that this attempt can be an introduction for future researches.

Intertextuality is a theory that was proposed in the end of 1960s by J.KRISTEVA. This term used by J. KRISTEVA in 1965, indicates unlimited relationship between one text and others. Intertextuality was a new type of look at text that led to a new meaning. Symptoms of intertextuality with Quran in Ahmad Matar 's poems are found. The role of Quranic texts in his poems is obvious but sometimes not obvious, sometimes it agrees with Quranic texts sometimes it is in contrast. We can say that signs of intertextuality in his poems are in the use of words, verses, expressions, and Quranic music and Quranic events wich have particular role in production of his texts.The poet sometimes uses a part of absent text in his text and sometimes a part with that meaning. So, in some points, he has made a dialoge with absent text. All of these cases indicate a strong link of his poetry with Quran and his high perception of this heavenly book.