PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The main purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between religious orientation and mental health of families living in Shiraz.The research has followed a quantitative survey method using questionnaires. The population includes families living in Shiraz in 1999, in which the wife and husband were living together. 386 families were selected based on systematic stratified random sampling.The result showed a significant correlation between such variables as age, gender, income, education, internal religious orientation, and external religious orientation and family mental health. The results of the multiple-variable regression equation showed that, among all of the variables under study the variables of internal religious orientation, income, external religious orientation, and education explain about 66 percent of the changes in the dependent variable. According to the path analysis model, among these variables, internal religious orientation had the highest impact on the dependent variable.

This article deals with moral value as one of the formal elements of the rules of family law. Through expressing the concept of moral values, bases of Islamic Law and discovering its causes, this study considers moral values as one of the bases of Islamic, and especially the family law. In this respect, three cases of parity, dowry and alimony have been studied. Human rationality recognizes the relationship between the human nature as basics in creating matrimonial relations, and the moral values, of human nature tendencies also as basis. This reasoning’s discovery also exists for concepts of dowry and alimony. The perfection of moral values is the reason (base) for the establishment of family (matrimonial relations), husband’s generosity and giving a present, (which is a moral value,) is the base of dowry, and the base of alimony is also a moral value (self devotion and nourishing).

The article attempts to shed light on women’s situation in today’s Iraq. It begins by giving a short and introductory historical overview of the country. The remaining essay deals with different and diverse, and yet challenging perspectives facing Iraqi women. In addition, a comprehensive bibliography of books and articles written in European Latin script languages is gathered for those interested in pursuing the subject matter.

Entrepreneurship is one of the main directions of growth and development in most countries, so that it is known as the engine of economic development. Managers of countries with high national income growth have realized the vital role of entrepreneurship. Today, providing the possibility for women’s active participation (as half of the country’s population) in the process of developing local capacities and resources is indisputable. Statistics show that unemployment rate in recent years, especially for educated women is continuously rising, however studies show that women entrepreneurs in comparison to men have a tendency to more teamwork and are less self-centered. Currently, women students constitute more than 60 percent of university’s capacities. In Iran persuasion and encouragement of the entrepreneurship culture is a mechanism that can provide university educated women with new opportunities. In this respect, the successful entrepreneurship models can play important roles in the promotion and development of women’s entrepreneurship, and can encourage young girls to enter entrepreneurship activities. Using the library method, this article investigates the concepts, definitions and the role of educated entrepreneur women in development of the country, and also notices the existing obstacles and limitations such as gender inequality.

The 21st century is witnessing the ever-increasing role of science and technology in all aspects of life. Science and technology offer the prospect of finding solutions for many global problems with a vital role for human beings. Women’s role is not so clear in this process, despite constituting half of the population, women are an underutilized talent. Women, in general do not have a strong presence in science and technology, as important factors for development. This is attributed to two broad issues: first, women’s perception of their own role and function in society, and second, society’s expectation of their contribution. Although women constitute a large proportion of undergraduate students in many countries, the number decreases at the higher levels and very few reach the top scientific positions. Gender difference also exists in the selection of academic fields. Women are more inclined towards the arts and social sciences than the natural sciences and engineering. In industry, women are more involved in jobs demanding physical labor, and very few are in the most rewarding positions that demand technical skills and creative minds. This paper reviews the limited literature available, and explores how women’s role in advancing and using science and technology can improve society. It also shows how science and technology impact, women’ position.

Women entrepreneurship is one of the signs of a developed nation. The purpose of the present study is to explain the Structural Equation Model of the factors affecting women entrepreneurship and their role in sustain development in Mazandaran Province. Iran for this purpose, the literature of women entrepreneurship and constant development was reviewed, among 1511 research population, 291 opinions were used. Data collection tools included documents, interviews and questionnaires. A reliability coefficient of 91 percent, in the framework of non-experimental survey method was achieved. The Structural Equation Model explaining the effective factors on women entrepreneurship was used, based on statistical correlation tests, direct and indirect correlations between variables and also interactional regression in the format of path analysis using SPSS and Lisrel. The results of the study indicated that, among the four groups of variables explaining the process of women entrepreneurship within the framework of a Structural Equation Model, (i.e. the personal, occupational, behavioral and environmental variables,) the generality of the derived model was proved. Based on structural model’s coefficients, the behavioral variable affected on women’s entrepreneurship process more than others and from this point of view the other three variables are less significant. The last part of the article includes discussion and comparison, conclusion, practical, managerial, and further research suggestions.

Amongst research topics in humanities in Iran, women studies, although carrying various issues and subjects, is considered as a new discipline , and therefore has received the least political, cultural, and economic attention in academic system of the country.With a quick look at the recent changes occurring in women’s status in Iran, the present paper tries to bring up some challenges and dual reactions in current women issues (i.e., the paradox of education and employment.) Besides, the need for the production of a new systematic model suitable for Islamic-Iranian society as the main ignored part in research work in humanities and Women studies is shown.The article contains a report of a research work carried on by the Women Studies Dep., of Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. In the research the methodology and process of publications related to women in a 20 years period (1984-2004) are analyzed by an index containing 27 variables (three dimensions) which makes the present study different from similar ones.The findings show that the published materials are mostly in women’s “individual issues” following social conditions, against the developmental and systematic political, cultural, and economic issues. Besides, a particular design or model showing the main objective in the studies was not found.