PAZHUHESHNAME-YE ZANAN (WOMEN’S STUDIES)
Year:2013 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

Nowadays mass media have extraordinary role in introducing and determining the life style of their viewers. Also they have undeniable effects on creation, reinforcing and even on transforming the attitudes of their viewers on political, mental and commercial advertising categories. Using variable content elements to attract viewers and to increase the effectiveness of television propaganda are the main considerations of commercial programmers in media. Using women as a tool for better and effective propaganda in the world and Iran has been criticized by many religious and cultural elites and philosophers. The recent research studies the role and the position of women in commercial advertisements in Iran. To attain the goal, content analysis has been used and the statistical population is 410 advertisements in IRIB channel 3 from 18 o‘clock to 24, seven days a week during October, November and December in the year 2012. Statics finally show that using women in advertisements for better sell of goods and services, causes her stereotype role-working at home and complement for men-to be bold.

Today, men and women equally plan for their career and family roles. However, males’ career development is less affected by their multi roles in comparison to females that face more work-family conflict. Many scholars in the area of career development have sought for a comprehensive theory to help better understanding of critical aspects of career and the impacts received from other lifelong multiple roles of individual employees. Majority of existing theories are devoted to female’s career development, mainly because they need to manage their different and inconsistent tasks to reach a balance among their multiple roles as employee, wife, and mother.Findings of this survey research that was carried out among a sample of female academics in top Ten Iranian Universities, shows that in comparison to the priority of family roles, female academics’ priority for their roles in work place is relatively low. Moreover, their perception from work-family conflict in case of engagement in managerial responsibility is relatively high while the feeling of self efficacy to manage such conflict appears to be at a low level.Test of hypothesis indicated that work-family conflict management self efficacy has a significant negative effect on perceived work-family conflict which in turn has a negative impact on females Leadership aspiration. Moreover, career role salience showed to have a positive impact on Leadership aspiration, that in turn affected by moderating effect of family role salience. The result implies that relationship between career role salience and Leadership aspiration appears to be weaker among female academics having high family role salience.Results of our research reveals that in respect to the impact of females’ multi roles on their managerial aspirations emphasize on organizational barriers and ignorance of the impact of females family roles’ choices between family and carrier, lacks a comprehensive vision, hence requires more attention in future research.

Today, the topic of mental stresses due to work and life is so important among people, education specialists, mental health specialists and other people who are responsible for people’s health. One of the important aspects of health condition is people’s mental health. We can say that self efficiency is a base for mental health and it reinforces the senses of adequacy, efficiency and ability of controlling life. The images and perceptions that people have about their abilities are called. Self-efficiency has some impacts on people’s struggles and assiduity. This study examines the impact of life skills training on raising the general efficacy of women heads of household in Tehran Municipality in 2010-2011. The study sample included 220 women heads of households are covered by Tehran Municipality. Type of variance is quasi-experimental design, pretest-posttest design & research and the sampling covariance. We used chance sampling. Also we used Schwartz general self efficiency questionnaire. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between life skills training and enhance self-efficacy among female headed households in Tehran Municipality.

Nowadays the concept of sustainable development finds a global application and involves many of the pillars and sections of any community. Among the many factors that affect the sustainable development, educational system is effective in many ways in remarkable levels. Effectiveness of this system is dependent to various factors and components. Managers and their management are one of the components that have significant role in the teaching and training systems. Therefore considering the significant number of woman managers in our country teaching and training system, this paper is trying to identify factors that help to increase the productivity of woman managers. We, in an initiative act, and considering that using Kano model can help to categorize factors and characteristics qualitatively and has been used for measuring satisfaction customer, use it for categorizing the productivity of female managers in the teaching and training system. The result obtained from this study show that among 23 elements identified as effective elements in productivity of female managers, 1 factor is necessary, 16 factors are one-dimensional and 3 factors are attractive. Finally the rating of these elements is also presented.

The aim of this paper is examining the communicational differences between men and women and studying communicational obstacles due to differences between them. These obstacles lead to misunderstandings and misperceptions between personnel in workplaces. Managers and personnel’s awareness from these differences lead to better understanding of themselves and perception and acceptation of the other gender. Without recognition of behavioral and psychological aspects of personnel and without understanding them in organizations, they can’t progress and success. Research method of this study is descriptive and survey. Statistical population of this study is 3500 ones of personnel and managers of Entekhab industrial set at Isfahan. From this population the sample including 431’s personnels and managers have been selected based on classified sampling method. In order to collecting data the questionnaire with 45 items has been used. In order to measuring questionnaire reliability, content reliability has been used. Also in order to measuring stability of questionnaires items, after conducting primary study and calculating its variance, Koder- Richardson method has been used. In analyzing the data, the parameters of descriptive statistics, inferential statistics such as t test and analysis of univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The results indicated that the Personnel’s and managers’ awareness of communicational differences between men and women is insufficient and this could leads to some problems and conflicts in the organizations. Therefore it is necessary that managers educate personnel and managers and inform them about these problems and conflicts. Also based on our findings, there is no relationship between personnel’s and managers’ awareness of communicational differences between men and women with demographic variables such as gender, age, educational level, and job attendance.

Due to gender inequality in the labor market which exists in most societies with different levels of economic development, considering the employment status of women and leading them right to the labor market can advantage communities from this potential factor. This paper is derived from the research project named “political, economic, social and cultural rights of women in Turkey during 2004-2010”, which is proposed by Islamic Culture and Relations Organization, Department of Humanities and Cultural Studies. The aim of this study is to identify the economic situation of women in the Turkish Republic, as one of the neighboring countries of Iran. On this basis, and given the limited resources available, as well as the date of issue in Iran this study examines the economic status of women in Turkey. The present study aims at interpreting and analyzing the economic situation of women in Turkey. We used the analytic-descriptive method and gathered the data through document-library method. These data are extracted from last results of the Turkey Statistic and Information Organization census, statistical annals, Statistic and Information Center, high education institutes, and Turkey Statistics institute during 2004 to 2020. The findings show that though the studies about women show women presence in world labor markets, but their participation in Turkey economical activities is much less than men and their unemployment is increasing. In this paper, after an overview of the theoretical foundations of the labor market for women, to study and analyze how the structure of women's employment in Turkey has been and the last section is devoted to the analysis of the results and provide recommendations.