THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY IN ENVIRONMENT
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:15|Papers Count:8

Water is a liquid biological physicochemical metabolic reactions in living bodies to allow and facilitate. Many health problems in developing countries, lack of safe drinking water. Centered sustainable development, human health and the health benefits of drinking water quality is at stake. No water treatment or inappropriate treatment is a major disease in developing countries. This study was a descriptive - analytical. During 1386 all the villages covered by the health centers of the city Maragheh Chlorination and chemical and biological samples has been studied. Results: The study was carried out total chlorine polls conducted in, 27,049 cases have been favorable to the 93.29 percent Chlorination And total Chlorination done by 5.08%, no chlorine at all, and the percentage of poor villages Chlorination city Maragheh 6.69 per cent is The total number of samples of drinking water for the year 1088 The 89.52 percent and 10.47 percent sample of drinking water to poor villages is a desirable city. The status of rural drinking water and well accepted by the city Maragheh And to improve the situation, the need for cooperation between the part and output part and is responsible for adequate supervision And the wise and good management practices (planning, coordinating and organizing) a percentage of undesirable residual chlorine in the water supply network in urban and rural city reduced to zero.

Among the compounds of water pollutants which generally discharge into water resources through raw wastewater and effluent, phenolic compounds are particularly important. This compounds enter into water resources naturally. Since phenolic compounds are toxic substance and eliminating them through a biological method is difficult, using the process of fenton oxidation and modified fenton seems appropriate because of the facility and the possibility of application in different scales and also economic considerations. In this study, the efficiency of fenton oxidation and modified fenton process in the removal of 4choloro 2nitrophenol (4C2NP) from aqueous solutions wewe examined. This is an experimental study which is carried out in laboratory scale. The solution under study is prepared from different 4C2NP concentrations. The optimized parameters in fenton and modified fenton process including pH, reaction time, temperature and dosage of H202 and Fe2+ were considered. 4C2NP concentration is measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In the fenton and modified fenton process, maximum 4C2NP removal was found 88% at following conditions: pH of solution, reaction time 5 min, 50 mg/L H202 and 50 mg/L ferric sulfate. The results of this study showed that fenton and modified fenton Oxidation process has a high efficiency in the removal of 4C2NP from aqueous solutions.

corrosion and scaling is one of the most important factors influencing on drinking water quality that cause health disorders and economic problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate these phenomena in a water network with asbestos-cement mains by corrosion indices. drinking water network of Khoy city was selected as pilot and samples from public water taps with 2 -3 liters volume collected and analyzed by standard methods. Corrosion and scaling potential was surveyed by Langelier, Ryzener, aggressiveness, Larson and Puckorius Indices and with measuring water physical, chemical and microbial parameters. Langelier, Ryzener, Puckorius, aggressiveness and Larson indices in cold season were -0.4±0.2, 8±0.3, 8.5±0.2, 12±0.2 and 0.3±0.1 and in warm season were -0.12±0.25, 7.8±0.3, 9.2±0.22, 12.1±0.2 and 0.27±0.08, respectively. According to the Langelier, Ryzener and Puckorius indices, the water is under saturated and corrosive. Statistical paired samples t test displayed significant difference in means value of Langelier, Ryzener, Puckorius indices between cold and warm seasons of the year (P. value <0.001). The results show that water is unbalanced and could cause corrosion in water distribution system. In terms of health impacts, corrosion in asbestos-cement pipes is important, then providing proper measures for balancing water quality before entering to the network and substituting of mains to prevent of economic and health problems are necessary.

Study of competitive transport solution by aqua regia and buffer 5 by the bulk liquid membrane containing 1,4,8,11- Tetraazacyclotetradecan-5,7-dion at 250 C was conducted. Evaluation of competitive transport solution by aqua regia Vbafr 5 by liquid membrane process mass containing 1,4,8,11-Ttraazasyklvttradkan -5 V7-debt at 250 C Shd.antqal ion Cr2 +, Mg2 +, Ni2 +, Ag + and Cd2 + (The initial concentration of 0.01 M) aqua regia solution through the solution dichlorotetrakis 6 Mvlarv methane containing 1,4,8,II-Ttraazasyklvttradkan -5 V7-debt environment distilled water (incoming phase) after 24 hours. Then transfer by 4 vehicle Organic include chloroform, benzene Vnytrv carbon Vttraklryd dichlorotetrakis methane was investigated. In this case, if the transition from an environment with less acidity and buffer (5) in an environment with higher acidity (buffer 3) transition metals are Shd.mdt transfer time 24 hours at ambient temperature conditions, it was done the following results The results were:DCM> CF> NB> TCCIn the buffer 5The transfer in DCMNi2+> Cd2+> Mg2+> Ag+> Cr2++ In aqua regiaMg2+> Cr2+> Ag+> Ni2+> Cd2+

Quinoxaline and pyrazine derivatives represent an imperative class of nitrogen containing heterocycles as they have received considerable interest from pharmaceutical to academic and industrial perspectives. In this research, firstly 1,3-Phenyl-diglyoxal was synthesized from the reaction of 1,3-diacetyl-benzene with SeO2 in the presence of dioxan as a solvent under reflux conditions. In the next step, the condensation reaction of 1,3-Phenyl-diglyoxal with different amino compounds has afforded the corresponding in heterocyclic quinoxalines reflux method. The resulted products have been compared with each other according to time and yield of the reactions. The structure of products was confirmed by 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra.

This study examines the in vitro flow boiling heat transfer coefficient in the annular space vertical hydride desire a polished effect parameters such as pressure, flow rate and inlet temperature on the heat transfer coefficient is considered The results show During all phases of testing two mechanisms of heat transfer of forced displacement current is Vjvshsh The effect of each of these parameters on the heat transfer were investigated Dvmkanysm. The results of experiments validate experimental models Vdqyq Dittus-Boelter and Chen Chen Gnielinski hybrid model that combines the creation of nuclear boiling heat transfer of forced displacement were compared with. The comparison shows that the model is Bolter in the forced displacement of Glynsky and Dytvs well predict the heat transfer coefficient. While in areas where extreme heat may result in the formation of bubbles on the surface, because the mechanism of heat transfer to the core of creating, the model is heat transfer coefficient of Chen predict further.

The degradation of 4-chloro-nitrobenzene (CNB) in aqueous solution by sonolysis, by photocatalytic, and by combination of both was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments. The experiments was conducted with a sonicator ( UP 400S ) operated at 24 KHz and 400 W ultrasonic power. The temperature solution was kept constant at 30oC and pH was controlled at 2,6,8 and 10. The TiO2 nanoparticles (Rutile and Anatase) were used as a catalyst to assist the sonication process. Results showed that the presence of nano- TiO2 generally had little effect on degradation (about 10% in the case of anatase form).Operation parameters such as pH, ultrasonic power and catalyst dose in the presence of titanium dioxide were optimized with regard to the efficiency of CNB removal. The concentration of CNB during the reaction was detected by Uv- Vis spectrophotometer. The degradation rate of CNB was higher in the combined system than in the linear combination of separate experiments. In sonophotocatalytic process, the ultrasonic power and catalyst dosage are found to have Environment significant impact on the process efficiency whereas initial pH has relatively less effect. Under optimum conditions (0.2 g/L of Titanium Dioxide) destruction efficiency was 99.98 percent.

Artemisinin, the new drug which is active against Malaria [I], Malaria is the most important parasitic deaths that causes more than a million deaths each year globally. chemically synthesis of artemisinin is not an economically task.this drug can be extracted from different herbs, mainly A.anua [2] and A.scoparia waldst et kit [3].Since A. scoparia grows as native plant in different places in Iran, We were interested to compare production of artemisini n in two collected samples from Khorasan and kerman.stalk and leaves of two confirmed samples of the plants were powdered and treated as below,leaching procedure were carried out twice for the above mentioned powders (each time 15g with 40ml n- hexan). After leaching, two dried powders were extracted by microwave (5.00 g of powder, 80 MeOH, power 500 w, 64ot for 20minutes ). Methanolic extracts were filtered and filtrates were concentrated to 50ml.Concentrated extracts were filter by BIOFILE syringe filter.Analyzing of these samples was carried out by HPLC for the amount of artemisinin. Separated fractions from HPLC, were dried. FTIR and HNMR spectra compared with those sdbs spectra.In the present investigation we find that artemisinin concentration in Khorasan sample more than Kermanian sample.Chemical structure of artimisinin