JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (KERMAN)
Year:2011 | Volume:NEW | Issue:28 (25)|Papers Count:18

The term "Buya Toronj" only one at Shahnameh Ferdowsi is used.This term indicates an independent myth stories that come in the Shahnameh is. Literature review of Avesta, Pahlavi texts, narratives epic and Persian Revayat Zoroastrianism can be three sources to consider this myth:1. Jamshid and Asn-kherad (innate wisdom) where Jamshid, abducted by Ahriman and demon from hell and the Court / abdomen demon back returns.2. Myth Jamshid and Tahmurreth where Jamshid and restore Tahmurreth swallowed by a demon, his hands immersed in the infernal body and the Tahmurreth take out, but he lost by decay, bad breath can be with Gumiz (bull's urine) be treated.3. Myth in oral epic in which the hand of Rostam stab in the abdomen are Div-i Spid (Devil white) and he is always full of gold bergamot scent in his hand. In this paper, according to these sources, foundations myth of Buya Toronj recognition was a myth, then is restored.

Hermeneutics as a interpretation science is one of the infrastructures of the human reflection in present time. It has particular place in fields of philosophy, mi, literature and human sciences. Although this science was attented to particular field of mankind needs, especially explaination of holly texts, but in effect of quantity of human encountering with external phenomenons and appearance of various theoretical debates and development of it's application got ready in other fields so that in many late centuries especially Twentieth century it was used in explaination of human behavior, and in this direction multifarious theories from different positions have showed various aspects of human live displays those among we can to point to pioneer theoridians such as Dilthey, Haidiger, Gadamer and Ricour.Furthermore hermeneutis science in some late decades have presented meaningful in extent of philosophy, epistemology, literature and psychology science in manner that it named on ground the fowndation of humun science In direction of this present, pioneer, s theories of hermeneutics science such as peter winch, Dilthey and schelaiermakher was been as guidance and resolver of numerous methodologicd problems of thinkers in fields of hwman sciences so that allendant with shaping of explanatory school, the in fluence and application of results of hermeneutics science came neared to territory of understanding of humam historical behauior.

Study and recognize of Molana's method of making fiction is back ground to enter the poet's world. So in this essay with considering this point, first of all the principal characters of Molana's expressing style is presented and then viewpoints of some researchers. They believe that Mathnavi's content is complicated and disturbed. But meanwhile having deep in sight to his verses and expressing techniques make it clear that coherence in his work (Mathnavi) is far behind than what have been said. But the method of coherence is different. For explaining this claim we refer to role of association of ideas and allegory as two important factor of joining verses. To make it clear some examples were selected to show the external distribution and severance. But we explain that even in this exampels there are coherence in the base of association of ideas and allegory.

The present article puts forward three arguments:1. Implication of meaning from letter Here, the attempt is to study the relation between meaning and letter, how the Arab critics have tackled the issue and considering their ability, what results they have come. Moreover, we try to investigate some of their studies over the tone of the letters which are similar to the sound of verbs. In this regard, we turn to discuss the issue of "implication of meaning from letter" comprehensively.2. Implication of meaning from word Word, meaning and the relation between the two or in other words, the relation between form and content of the words is discussed. In this line and in order to analyze the relation between the word and meaning, some critics involved in the subject such as Jahez, Ibn-e Rashigh Alghirvani, Ibn-e Jenni, Abu Helal Askari and the like are discussed.3. Implication of meaning from poetical meters In this part, the effort is to investigate the relevance of meter and meaning that might improve the attention of the literary texts readersalong with the criticisms and opinions of the critics in this regard.

In Persian, here are a set of limited number of body part terms which form an open class with a range of different transparent to opaue meanings. The members of this set can be classified into two main categories of: referential and nonreferential body part terms.This study tries to investigate how the terms are converted from one type to another in terms of meaning, structure, and morphosyntactic features. The result of this comariso showed a kind of diagrammatic iconicity between the changes in the two levels of form and meaning.

Among the figures of thought, ambiguity has its own remarkable place. It is a speech device in which a user implies a word, an expression, or a sentence, and having a connection with other elements and structures of languages, it brings into mind some meanings. The linguistic units covered by ambiguity are not limited to words. In fact, the device utilizes phrases, expressions and sentences.In this article, this delightful artistic technique with its subdivisions, on phrasal and sentence level, have been discussed in Hafez poetry. Since Hafez is a master of the technique and he has had a deep knowledge of Persian language capabilities, he has masterly utilized this figure of thought in his speech. Based on this fact, he has been giving the little of 'the poet of ambiguity', and his style has been entitled as ambiguous style. Hafez has presented remarkable innovations in using this figure, the idea which is illustrated in this article.

Investigation of poems written by Persian litreture high ranking poets and even world litreture such as Ferdowsi. Nezami, saadi, Molavi. Hafez, sepehri, Shakes pear, T.s. Elliot, Jobran khalill Jobran and others shows that in fauaurable artistic and literary works, elements such as imagination, beauty, innovation style and Message have a basic role in their attraction and desirability and mean while the message of the artistic and or literary word which is affered based on a special world view, influnces more and better than other element on addressees.Parvin Etesami (1258 - 1320), esteemed and able persion contemporary poet is among those poets that her simple expressive, attractive and lovely poems / words influence extraordinarily on her addressees and penetrate in their heart and soul agreeable and marvelously.It seems that such deep influences are more due to valuable message and theme hidden beyond this high ranking poets affective and beautiful words. Besides, attention to literary arrangement and fluent skills also is not of less importance in this in fluence on addressees.In this study, the writers have decided to investigate and analayze moral, Social, educational and training them of parvin poems and also To determine how much her poems oriented message and theme. have roles in attracting the addresses and what is the correlation of this theme with exogenous elements of poem such as beauty, imagination, style. Innovation and etc and with what amount.

Cheating is among the most common intellectual themes in the stories of Mathnawi. Based on the Quranic styles, Mowlana, through general classifying of cheating into desired and undesired, and also explaining the conclusions and effects of cheating on society, illustrates the actions and thoughts of his personalities as the behavioral samples of each society in different individual, social and political areas. In the view of Mowlana, when this feature (cheating) is enforced by the rulers of a society, the outcome would be painful and its damage scope would be much wider. In his view, the individual and social behaviors of the ruler and the ruled in a deceitful dictatorial society will cause retardation in that society. The investigation of this topic in Mathnawi, helps us to, beside the common idea that considers it as among the greatest spiritual epics of humans, consider it also as "one of the greatest sociological and psychological works of the world".The psychological and social importance of cheating, its frequency in the stories of Mathnawi and also the negligence of researchers to criticize it as an independent subject were among the main reasons that encouraged the authors to explore this issue in Mathnawi by enjoying the viewpoints of some social and psychological behaviorists, using a descriptive - analytical approach. By reviewing and referring to the ruse-oriented (tricky) stories of Mathnawi, they specifically focused on the story of "the Moses and Pharaoh".

The survey of various periods of Nima's poem shows that he gradually trends from romanticism to realism, symbolism and the social symbolism. This article analysis the reason of Nima's approach to this literary schools, according to political and social features of his era and with classification of his poetry into five distinguished periods, it is considered the reflection of the important social events each period in his poetry, along with statistical analysis of his poem and it leads the reader to make the conclusions that the social conditions have had a significant impact on the evolution of Nima's poem and on his achievement to content and a new structure.

Human beings have always been preoccupied with their children's rearing. The issue of rearing has a background of over 4000 years. The children's rearing in Shahnameh, as a perpetual document of the Iranian culture; has earned a special status. The Iranians in general and their kings in particular devoted a special care in their children's upbringing. According to Shahnameh, the children were named in a ceremony after their birth. Such a naming has been based on the physical or adventitious features of the child. The children were then given to baby-sitters for feeding purposes. Following the feeding stage, the children were sent to teachers so as to learn the principles of culture, religion and civil life. Then, the teachers prepared them for acquiring and mastering the teaching art.From the age of seven, the children received physical and practical training concurrent with their religious and ethical education. The physical training included horse-riding, shooting and hunting. While being trained on hunting, they learned how to use the hunting means such as hawk, greyhound and falcon. At this stage, the children received some training on how to wrestle, throw the lasses and spread the hunting net. The Iranian noblemen's children were required to be trained on how to fight, organize the army and attack their enemies.The king and governors' children were required to learn some other principles of education such as setting up parties and joyful ceremonies and finding better and more efficient ways of life. In this paper, samples of Ferdowsi's poems manifesting the stages of rearing and education in the past are discussed.

Rhyme has a special situation in music of poetry from the points of repetition and variety. These two properties not only cause foregrounding of rhyme in texture of poetry, but also set the rhyme as a central element in phone harmony and musical connection of words.Rhyme can be considered from different viewpoints. We define four vectors to determine the role of rhyme in musical texture of couplet and then try to study the theory which says considering rhyme as a significant element in musical texture of couplet and using rhymes which have more musical ability, is not a personal style and belongs to periodical style.

Literature of Imam Ali (A) is an Aesthetic School. Art of his image in using of Aesthetic Literature is shining in all of his words. Simile that has more usage in Rhetoric and makes understanding of meaning easier, is a projecting element of his shining words. Consideration of simile in his Letters and Wisdoms and kind of his simile in his words, shows the style of transition of contexts in similes and their effects.Sometimes contexts of Similes in Nahj -Al- Balagheh are being findin Persian poetry that is deserves a consideration and research.

Since Religious and mystical believes and spiritual experiences of them, is a great event in immaterial life of human and because of its special elevation and sanctity, there should be a specific language and expression to evoke thought of human through symbols and signs to show the road to climb to the high summit of revelation and intuition.To do this, the author uses an effective measure, use of allegories and stories, which is of a high potential to communicate.One of the precious works of this kind is "Anisole Arefeen" the book of Ali Ibn Molana Hossain Ibn Mosal Rosadi well - known as "Vaiz" or "preacher" in 900 A.H.The prose of this book is eloquent and rhetorical and ornamented with poems, Verses, sayings and maxims and figures of speech (especially in its preface). The subjects of the manuscript are as follows: Virtues of distinguished verses of the holy Qoran, faith, mono theism, insight, the unique position of the holy prophet, Mohammad (peace Be upon Him) and his holy successors (Ayeme Atha), reliance upon God, Surrendering, thanks giving, etc, all expressed literary and mystically.In this article, It is considered to study briefly the contents of the manuscript, its chapters and subjects of each one, Verbal features, literary values, etc.

One of dominant concepts in the poems of poets after of Islamic revolution is notice to universe of environment human; deliberation in the characteristic and behavior of modern human that this problem are described in contrast to behavior of past human. One of these peculiarities is amazement and wandering of contemporary human that is reflected in the deep structure and surface structure of poem of dis formalist poets.On of this dominant poets that gathers creativity to research and notice to amazement and wandering of contemporary human is Ghisar aminpoor. The poet that attempts tradition instruments and modernism; gathers in the his language and theme poems and extremity invent new current in the Islamic revolution poem.Review this problem in the his poems indicate that when he arrives from 60 decade with "Tanafose sobh' to 70 decade with "Ayyinehai naghan" and 80 decade with "Golha Hame Aftabgardanand" and "Dastor Zaban Eshg"; not only quantity increase notice to amazement and wandering of contemporary human but also his poems quality to be more philosophic. The writer in this article after critic of different dimensions of this subject and its Epistemology with notice to his cause facts in the system of his language and idea; categorizes and analyses all ofAminpoor Anthologies.

Mystical awareness and Mystical intoxication are among Islamic mystical issues which are the difference between Baghdad mystical school and khorasan mystical school. Baghdad mystical school believe in Mystical awareness and khorasan mystical school believe in Mystical intoxication and Sufis of these schools have many reasons and considerations for following their believes.The Sufis of the fifth century have many good arguments in this field; According to their mystical schools, they define Mystical awareness and Mystical intoxication and have many classifications for them. With these definitions and classifications, many misunderstandings about Mystical awareness and Mystical intoxication disappear. By careful and scientific investigation of these two terms, we can conclude that no contrast exists between Mystical awareness of Jonayd Baghdadi and Mystical intoxication of some Sufis like Bayazid and Shebli.In this article we investigate the reasons of the following of Baghdad and khorasan mystical school from these two mystical terms and by considering the arguments of The Sufis of the fifth century, we conclude that not only there is no contrast between Mystical awareness and Mystical intoxication but these two terms enjoy the semantic and content unity.

Beauty and its definition is an issue that has occupied the minds of thinkers for years. The fundamental link between beauty and art has made many intellectuals represent different definitions of beauty, based on the artistic works in each period of time.In this study first we deal with the background of aesthetics in iran until 7th century, then based on presented definitions some parts of "Divan Kabir" have been studied.In the next chapter, giving the western background in aesthetics, the spiritual beauty, offered by Iranian and western philosophers are similar and have their roots in human nature. the spiritual aspect of music is also of this type.In another chapter the employment of concepts like: mysticism, light, Joy. …etc. which have key roles in mystical poems of "Sanaei", "Attar" and "Moulavi", have been introduced. Definitely we will see that the quality and quantity of use for each one of these concepts are differently reflected in their thoughts and as a result in their poems, and Moulavi has used them creatively and in an artistic manner.The writer deals with the apparent and exterior beauty including all issues regarding locution, rhetoric, stylistics and surface harmony in a separate chapter. Artistic repetitions and mental images of "Gazaliat Shams" are the debated points in this chapter.The last part is devoted to conclusion including these results: beauty is one of God's characteristics and each beauty is a broad manifestation of God's beauty, thus we can attribute all definitions of beauty to aunique origin, appeared in different manifestations.

Rashi-Aldine-Vatvat is one of the eminent poets, scholar of the Persian Literature. He is also one of the famous eloquent in this Language the only existing Correction of his Divan is the Correction of Saeed Nafisi. It was Published by Barani book Store for the first time in 1339 (A.H) in Tehran. In Spite the Fact that the editor has compared and Contrasted Several Copies and Put a good deal of time and energy due to the accessibility of the recent Copies and Lack of access to the Several early Copies, most of the Verses have been recorded with various Distortions and alterations. The author with the help of several written Copies of Poet's Divan and with Comparing and Contrasting it with the Comparing and Contrasting it with the Published Copy of Divan, Various distorted Copy of Divan, Various distorted verses have been Corrected. Therefore Some Corrected verses have been Corrected. Therefore Some Corrected Verses have been presented in this article.

Antagonists reviews from different angles makes us know more about major part of the characters of the epic stories and more accurate understanding of Iran's national epic, so the writer of this article will discuss a major part of the reasons of Some of the hosts of evil actions in the battle with the hero and his army.The beginning of this article is devoted to define tools and the factors that motivate the battle by the army and fighters which are named the administrative tools. These leading factors are divided to both positive and negative parts. In tools Group, we are faced with three subsidiaries of positive stimulation, comfort and bribery. Each of these subsidiaries is also divided under other branches, as exist in the article in details. End of this article will be two negative administrative tools; the blame and intimidate (warning) and will be the results of this study.