Journal of Research in Psychopathology
Year:2022 | Volume:3 | Issue:8|Papers Count:6

As a negative thinking and dysfunctional attitude, cognitive distortion is considered an important factor in the etiology of mental disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the role of early maladaptive schema domains and childhood trauma in predicting cognitive distortion. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the target population was all students of Urmia University in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. In this regard, 285 students were selected by availability sampling and were evaluated by Young's maladaptive schema (1998), Noorbakhsh's child abuse (2012) and cognitive distortions of Abdullah Zadeh and Salar (2010) questionnaires. The results of correlation coefficients showed that cognitive distortion has a positive relationship with the dimensions of childhood trauma and areas of early maladaptive schema. Also, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that early maladaptive schemas and childhood trauma significantly explain 0. 63% of the total variance of cognitive distortion and primary maladaptive schema domains have a higher power in predicting cognitive distortion. The results of this study support the key role of early maladaptive schemas and childhood trauma with emphasis on the field of disconnection and rejection and the dimension of emotional child abuse as a vulnerability to cognitive distortion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on psychological well-being and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with chronic depressive disorder. By purposive sampling method, 30 patients with a diagnosis of chronic depressive disorder were admitted to the Aramesh Psychiatric Care Center in Tehran and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The instruments included mindfulness-based cognitive therapy protocol (MBCT) by Garnfski et al. (2006) Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaires (1989). The results of the analysis of covariance showed that at the level of p <. 05 there was a significant difference in the variables of psychological well-being and cognitive emotion regulation between the experimental and control groups. In psychological well-being (F = 174. 30, p <. 05), and effect size equal to 0. 87, in adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (F = 99. 20, p <. 05) and effect size (0. 80), in cognitive emotion regulation incompatibility (F = 93. 87, p <. 05) and effect size (0. 79) and a significant difference at the significance level of p <. 05 were observed between the experimental groups and the control group. Therefore, mindfulness training had a significant effect on psychological well-being and cognitive emotion regulation of people with depressive disorder.

Patients undergoing hemodialysis experience various problems related to the complications of the disease such as physical, economic, social and psychological problems that can be the cause of mental disorders in such patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tDCS brain electrical stimulation on the treatment of anxiety disorder in chronic renal dialysis patients. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 male hemodialysis patients with records in the Kidney Patients Support Association and private centers in Tehran. Patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 15) and a control (n = 15) groups. The patients in the experimental group underwent the effect of electrical stimulation of tDCS brain with an intensity of 2 mA in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. Data collection tool included Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21). The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) through analysis of covariance. The results showed that the mean score of anxiety before the intervention in the experimental and control groups was not significantly different (p >. 05),however, after the intervention, the difference in the experimental group was significantly smaller than the control group (p <. 001). Also, the mean score of anxiety in patients in the experimental group after the intervention was significantly lower than before (p <. 001). No significant difference was found in the control group (p >. 05). The results revealed that the effectiveness of brain electrical stimulation has an effect on reducing anxiety and stress in hemodialysis patients.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of social cognition training on social cognition and social functioning in people with a psychotic disorder. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and a control group was used for this study. A purposeful sampling method was used to select 20 schizophrenia patients at the Razi psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2019 to 2020. The participants were randomized to an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). The experimental group received ten, 60-minute sessions, but the control group was treated as usual. Eye Test-Test Revised Version Reflective Function Questionnaire for Adult (RFQA) was used to collect data. In addition to descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data, and SPSS-24 software was used for all analyses. The results showed that F for social cognition (p <. 05, F=11. 462) and social functioning (p <. 05, F=12. 256) were significant. Based on these findings, these variables differ significantly between the two groups. Taking these findings into consideration, it is possible to conclude that social cognition training is effective in improving social cognition and social functioning. The current study supports the feasibility and potential effectiveness of SCT in Iranian community settings.

The prevalence of adolescents who self-injure each year indicates a public health problem requiring attention and intervention. This study investigated the effectiveness of mentalization-based treatment on negative affection and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study included 22 adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury selected with a snowball sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, experimental (n=11) and control (n=11) from November to January 2021 in Tehran, Iran. To collect data, questionnaires such as the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury and the Positive and Negative Affect Questionnaire were administered. For the experimental group, mentalization-based treatment was administered in ten sessions of 90 minutes each week, while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using MANOVA in SPSS software version 23. The participants ranged in age from 14 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 14. 89 years (SD = 2. 01). The results suggest that the mentalization-based treatment had positive effects on negative affection (p <. 01, F_1. 18 = 9. 396) and non-suicidal self-injury (p <. 01, F_1. 18 = 10. 048) in adolescent girls with non-suicidal self-injury (p-value <. 01). The study found that mentalization-based treatment for negative affection and non-suicidal self-injury was an effective intervention for adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury aged 14 to 18.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has greatly affected human lives across the world. This study aimed to the mediating role of hope in relationship between the meaning in life and the sense of coherence with Covid-19 anxiety. The research method was correlation of the type path analysis. The population of this study included all undergraduate students of Poldakhtar Higher Education Center in the academic year 2020-2021. 210 students participated in this study by available sampling method and online questionnaire and answered the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Antonovsky’, s Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (ASCQ), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Hope Scale (HS). Data analysis was performed by the statistical method of path analysis using SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 statistical software, then the Bootstrap test was used to investigate the mediating role of variables. The results showed that after removing two direct paths from the meaning in life (β, = 0. 41, P<0. 01) and sense of coherence (β, = 0. 29, P<0. 01) to Covid-19 anxiety, through hope (β, =-0. 32, P<0. 01), the model of the meaning in life and sense of coherence to Covid-19 anxiety was confirmed. According to the results, students who have higher hopes experience less Covid-19 anxiety, and on the other hand, as the meaning in life and sense of coherence increases, so does hope, which results in a decrease in Covid-19 anxiety. Therefore, it is possible to increase hope and reduce the severity of Covid-19 anxiety in students by educating and promoting the meaning in life and a sense of coherence.