JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND FAMILY STUDIES
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

The prevalence of insomnia, characterized by persistent inability to fall asleep or maintain sleep, increases with age. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of "green exercise" on improving the sleep quality of inactive female elderly in Arak city. Participants were 45 female elderly, aging over 60 years with poor sleep quality residing in Arak city who voluntarily participated in the research in 2 experiment and control groups. The experiment group participated in the exercise trainings for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and each session 60 minutes. Data was collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and analyzed by dependent and independent t-test with SPSS software (version 16), with significant level 0.05. Results showed that experimental group had significant increase in mean score of sleep quality of post-test than pre-test (p£0.05).The experimental group had significant increase in overall sleep quality, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction scores than the control group (p£0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups’ sleep disturbance and use of hypnotics mean scores. These results support the effect of green exercises on sleep quality of female elderly with sleep problems.

This research is aimed at studying the statements of family-headed women about their lives; happiness and unhappiness, their background and consequences. Happiness and Unhappiness are emotions that influence performance and productivity, social relations, social trust, and social interactions and cooperation of people and prepare the ground for social integration and solidarity. In most researches family-headed women are a deprived social group and are mentally and materialistically at risk. This is a qualitative research. We applied semi-structured and deep interview to get theoretical saturation. This research investigated the causes, the ways to confront and the consequences of happiness and unhappiness through deep interview with 30 family-headed women in Tehran. The findings of the research demonstrated that the obstacles of happiness interfere with the family-headed women’s lives in different ways and finally results in an imposed and optional exclusion. Inappropriate conditions of the past and the present and predicting a disturbed future prepare the ground for reducing happiness, create opposition measures such as depression, mental and spiritual stresses and sense of injustice and lead to consequences such as feeling injustice about oneself and social exclusion.

The aim of this research is to study the process which shapes women’s experience of tranquility feeling in marital life. This study was fulfilled by the grounded theory method and data was gathered through in-depth interviews with 60 married women in Tehran, and were analyzed by theoretical coding. The main purpose of marriage is to achieve tranquility. Women in interviews described feeling of security and absence of disquieting trouble as feeling of tranquility. The core category was “security of needs provision”. From the point of view of women to achieve tranquility in marital life, firstly the needs of all family members should be provided within the family; secondly, the family must provide all the needs which are expected from it to be the provider of; thirdly, providing the needs should be accompanied with the feeling of security.

In recent years, divorce growth rate has led to an increase in the number of children of divorce. These children have a lot of problems and issues hidden from view. Undoubtedly, parental separation is an annoying phenomenon for most of them. Studies indicate that children of divorce usually confront many social and psychological problems in their lives. In this paper, we have conducted a meta-analysis method to analyze the published internal papers in this field. Finally, we came to 20 articles and took them into consideration. the Internal research are mostly focused on mental health and its sub-scales, and the results show that the condition of children of divorce is more undesirable than that of orphan children and those from intact families. Some of these studies also show the positive impact of intervention programs on children of divorce. What is neglected in these studies is examining the social damages threatening these children.

This study contains a comparative analysis of gender stereotypes between women and men. It investigates the relationship between socio-cultural factors (including gender, social-economic status of family, education and marital status) and gender stereotypes acceptance. Another purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between religiosity and gender stereotypes acceptance. Theoretical base of this work consisted of gender schema theory, gender discrimination stereotypes (Andre Michelle), gender socialization, social learning theory, and role theory. To fulfill the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was used amongst women and men aged 20 and above residing in the 6th region of Tehran. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: contact information, questions related to gender stereotypes and questions for examining participant’s religious beliefs. Sample size was 400 people (based on Kukran formula). Results showed statistically significant relationship between intensity of gender stereotypes acceptance with gender, education and religiosity. However, the relationship between intensity of gender stereotypes acceptance with marital status and socio-economic status of family was statistically insignificant.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transactional analysis (TA) training on self-concept and positive/negative affect in householders. The research method was semi-experimental. 40 householder volunteers were selected in Tabriz and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. TA training was carried out to the experimental group in 8 sessions. Self-concept and positive/negative affect were measured by Beck Self-Concept and Watson et al. Positive and Negative Affect scales in pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed by Covariance Analysis. The findings indicated that TA training could increase self-concept and positive affect, and decrease negative affect in householders (p<0.05). The results of research provide some evidence to suggest that TA training is appropriate for recovering of self-concept and positive affect and decreasing negative affect. This approach influenced self-concept and positive/negative affect, probably by increasing the awareness of householders to their internal states, ability of doing effective communications, control on affects, cognitions and behaviors and recovery of personal independence.