HAFT HESAR JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Year:2012 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

One of fundamental issues in regional development and planning is the variation of regions in different dimensions. This study tries to introduce spatial integration approach in regional planning, with emphasis on the necessity of paying attention to the essence of regional integration, so that it can take steps to reduce the present instabilities and mitigate the negative effects due to multiple and multifarious management of regions. This study with the aim of emphasis on the spatial imtegration approach in fulfillment of sustainable spatial planning, considers the presentation of a framework for wide participation and analysis of the conflict between economic developments and the needs to conservate the resources, an important step in this regard. This research describes the major theories, and as the result, presents a conceptual model in the framework of the process of spatial integration approach in planning.

“Behavior Settings” concept that was introduced in the context of ecological psychology by Barker et al is about describing the relation between behavior and the environment in space and time. Although by examining behavior settings the intention mostly is to analyze the behavior in an environmental context -built environment – but considering the point that Barker shows; that a behavior setting is important for a person’s reaching satisfaction, we can use the results of analyzing existing behavior settings to develop guidelines and design knowledge for designers to design new spaces. The most basic act of mastering this topic is providing a definition and recognizing behavior settings, and by using this information we can easily get the domination over structural and behavior settings test as a first step to identify bases. Therefore, in this study, we present a definition for behavior setting and its components i.e. current behavior pattern, environment, accordance of environment and behavior with reviewing the literature in this area and especially the analytical review of the Schoggen’s book, “Behavior Settings”, to recognize the behavior settings of built environment and use this recognition in two categories of built environment and design knowledge of designers.

The mosque, as a holy place for daily worship, is a symbol of a holy and spiritual space. Throughout the history of Islam, from beginning till now, architectures have always tried to convey the concept of holiness to their audience which is indeed the worshippers, with different methods. In this essay, to declare some features of architecture representing different spiritual and sacred dimensions, various holy aspects of the design and costruction of mosques are explained. Mosques architects, both in past and present, have always tried to give the mosque some sanctity and soul, besides its appearant structure and form as a place. As they had religious limitations in conveying the conceptual purports, Muslim architects have done greate efforts to convey the intended concepts to their audience using geometry, simplified plant motifs, calligraphy and colors in the best possible way, and at the same time, have broughta  spiritual and heavenly mood to the physical space. This paper has tried to do a critical study of sacred architecture with a brief analysis of the architecture and giving examples of famous mosques as the evidence.

In the recent decades, civilization has proceeded from the urban planning and nowadays, physical development of the cities has become one of the most important issues. However, the shape and the manner of physical-spatial expansion of cities show significant differences due to their extent and population. The aim of this study is to understand the physical pattern and the manner of urban-villages’ expansion in recent years. The researchers have conducted an applied research through direct and indirect observation, in order to investigate the manner of physical and spatial expansion of urban-villages based on Holdern’s model. The case study is the city of Lalejin, in the province of Hamedan. Investigations show that this town had a compact growth until 1381, but between 1384 and 1389, it experienced a sprawl which spoiled the city appearance. This research shows that this amount, based on Holdern’s model was %78. The results of analysis prove that due to horizontal growth and urban sprawl, centralized pattern is the appropriate way of expansion for Lalejin.

Deteriorated fabrics are considerably remarked in the country's area. Hence, the specific action is started for their rehabilitation and renovation. These plans are prepared to promote the welfare level and safety of residents and justice through balanced distribution of urban services and facilities. Omission of threats and use of current opportunities in urban fabrics requires adopting appropriate methods of dealing with the fabric in proportion to its specific needs and characteristics and deterioration type. It is necessary to adopt a targeted and systematic approach in dealing with this part of city, before current challenges of the old fabrics become urban crisis and the separation of old town from the contemporary city leads to a conflict between the two. One of the recent theories of urban planning and design especially in the renovation and reconstruction of the deteriorated fabrics is new urbanism, which includes traditional plans and their combination with the modern sensivities. This study, after a comprehensive theoretical explanation about terms such as deteriorated fabric, rehabilitation, renovation and new urbanism movement (as the measurement criteria), uses the library and field methods for data collection and SWOT technique to determine the compliance rate of renovations done in the deteriorated fabrics of Hamedan city.

In recent decades, despite widespread scientific and technological advancements in predicting incidents, buildings and crisis management, disaster still causes huge costs to human societies. Among natural disasters, earthquakes, according to its nature and importance, have been given more attention, because it is more frequent than other natural disasters, and on the other hand it frequently causes deaths and injuries., this issue is more important In Iran because heterogeneous and deteriorated fabric of cities. With regard to this, the aim of this study is the identification of houses' earthquake-resistance in Hamadan. The statistical population is the residential buildings of Hamedan city, sampling is random, and software such as SPSS, EXCEL, and ARCGIS are used to analyze the data. To achieve the research’s aim and identify areas vulnerable to earthquakes, criteria such as area of foundation, number of floors, passage width, urban fabric condition, location of the building in the city, the facade's status, the walls' status, the ceiling´s status, the building age, quality of materials, structure and status of the building foundation were considered by using the library – documentary, and analytical methods and field studies. The results of this study indicate that Hamadan’s houses are not earthquake-resistant, and different areas of the city were studied by different parameters due to the deteriorated fabrics of these areas.

The weather has a huge impact on human comfort conditions. In the traditional Iranian architecture, designers have always tried to use climatic principles in buildings and urban spaces in order to provide comfort conditions for building occupants and users. Paying attention to climatic design of building elements such as roofs, floors, windows and walls can increase the comfort quality. Bazaars are one of the urban spaces that always have been built in compliance with climatic conditions in Iran’s traditional architecture. It seems essential to provide thermal comfort in bazaars in order to create a comfortable environment essential for the economic growth of the city. In this research the thermal comfort of Bazaar-e-Vakil in Shiraz is investigated based on PPD and PMV methods. In the absence of thermal comfort terms, arrangements can be considered in different seasons, using a combination of active and passive ways to create better conditions of thermal comfort. In this experimental research, the data was collected and measured based on field study procedure. The results show that from the thermal comfort point of view, in winter the degree of physiological stress, is without cold stress and the thermal senility is in the comfort degree, and less than 15 percent of users are dissatisfied with the thermal conditions of the Bazaar.

This paper is part of a comprehensive study which has been done about the effect of tourism activities on distinguished environmental features of Ganjnameh Valley in Hamedan, during 2010 to 2011. The selected research method in this paper is based on combination of library-based (office) works and land survey (evaluation, direct observation, and circulation of questionnaire). Therefore, historical, environmental, social, and cultural evaluations have been undertaken by both office-based works and meanwhile, according to necessity, observation technique (both direct and indirect) has been used. Social evaluation has also been done by multi-option questionnaire and related data has been analyzed and examined in SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Finally, according to standard frameworks, a mitigation-oriented pattern has been proposed as a conceptual framework for sustainable development which can be extended to other similar cases.