Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
Year:2023 | Volume:28 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Language is one of the most important parts of any culture. Persian language is one of the main components of the Iranian culture. Learning Persian language is a way for understanding Iranian culture and history. Like other languages in the world, It is crucial to pay attention and preserve all aspects of Persian language including scientific, educational and religious. All cultural institutions in Iran including the Academy of Persian Language and Literature and important people such as the leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran have strongly emphasized that "Persian language should be expanded and its cultural influence in the world should be increased". They emphasize "writing in Persian", "creating words in Persian", "creating terms in Persian", and "publishing scientific works in Persian". . .

Objectives: The quality of sexual function, especially orgasm, is one of the most important issues related to sexual health and fertility. The present study aims to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based sex therapy on orgasm quality and sexual function of women with orgasm disorder. Methods: This is a clinical trial. Participants were 25 Iranian married women referred to clinics of family therapy, sex therapy, and psychiatry in Tehran, Iran who were selected by a convenience sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, they completed the sexual function questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on orgasm quality. Then, education in about the structure and performance of sexual system and sexual response processes were given to them and received the mindfulness-based sex therapy at 8 sessions before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. The data were compared using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA). Results: The interventions improved orgasm quality and sexual function, and the interaction effect of treatment and time was significant. Results of MANOVA showed a significant difference in sexual function (F(2, 22) =195. 95, P<0. 0001), orgasm quality (F(2, 22) =330. 97, P<0. 0001), number of orgasms per month (F(2, 22) =352. 28, P<0. 0001) and number of sexual intercourses per month (F(2, 22) =183. 15, P<0. 0001) over time. Conclusion: It seems that mindfulness-based sex therapy is effective in improving sexual function and treating orgasmic disorders in women.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of participating in horticultural activities on changes in the severity of depression symptoms in adults with mild-to-moderate depression symptoms. Methods: In this non-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 102 eligible participants were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups (51 members each). The inclusion criteria were as follows: age of 18 years or more, mild-to-moderate depression symptoms, and willingness to participate in the study. However, the exclusion criteria were physical or mental diseases limiting horticultural activities and using antidepressants. Both groups received educational worksheets, including behavioral activation, daily activity schedules, breathing training, and relaxation instructions. Moreover, the experimental group participated in weekly three-hour horticultural program sessions for six weeks. The severity of depression symptoms was then appraised at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and four weeks after the end of the intervention through the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II). The repeatedmeasures ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results: The results revealed that the mean BDI-II scores in the horticultural group declined by 5. 68 (P=0. 001) and 2. 32 (P=0. 016) points more than the control group at the end of the intervention and four weeks later, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that horticultural activity might mitigate the severity of depression symptoms.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare sexual function, body image concern, and sexual self-esteem in women after natural delivery with episiotomy and cesarean delivery. Methods: This research was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all women referring to medical centers affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021, of whom 200 participants (100 women with natural delivery and 100 women with cesarean delivery) were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The female Sexual Function Index, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Sexual Self-Esteem Index were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed via independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between sexual function and sexual self-esteem in women with a natural delivery and cesarean delivery (P=0. 05). In addition, although both groups experienced body image concerns, no significant difference was found between the scores in the two groups (P=0. 05). Conclusion: The evidence indicates that although women with natural delivery experience better sexual function than women with cesarean delivery, they may suffer from lower sexual self-esteem and appearance dissatisfaction compared to the other group.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of maternal blouse in the postpartum period based on social determinants of health of the World Health Organization (WHO) model. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 449 postpartum women who were referred to healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was a multi-stage random method. The tools used in this research were demographic and gynecological characteristics questionnaire, socio-economic status questionnaire, depression anxiety and stress scale-21 (DASS21), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) (multidimensional scale of perceived social support [MSPSS]), domestic violence questionnaire (DVQ), unhealthy behavior questionnaire. Postpartum blouse was also measured based on the Stein’, s questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Results: The information of 449 pregnant women participating in the study was examined. The mean age of women was 26. 96±, 4. 46 years and their husbands’,mean age was 32. 17±, 5. 6 years. The path analysis results demonstrated that among the variables related to maternal blouse (one-path test), in the indirect path analysis, socio-economic status had the most negative effect on the maternal blouse and also in the direct path analysis, DASS21 showed the most negative effect on the maternal blouse (B=-0. 19) and the unfortunate event had the most positive effect (B=0. 18). Violence had the most positive effect on the maternal blouse (two-path test) (B=0). Conclusion: Considering the importance of the role and the high prevalence of maternal blouse in the mental health of women after childbirth, it seems necessary to pay attention to these factors for prevention and screening in terms of timely diagnosis and necessary measures.

Objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms differ in severity, but are the same in nature. Due to the high prevalence of OCD symptoms, their ethological study is important. Given that no study has been conducted on finding the factors involved in development and continuation of these symptoms, this study aims to examine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation, experiential avoidance, and rumination in the relationship of emotional schemas with OCD symptoms. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 349 college students in Tehran, Iran in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Data analysis including structural education modeling (SEM) were conducted in SPSS software, verion 22 and LISREL v. 8. 8 applications. Results: The SEM model had a good fit (GFI=0. 91, RMSEA=0. 57). The three variables of emotion dysregulation, rumination, and experiential avoidance had a significant role in mediating the relationship between emotional schemas and OCD symptoms (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The interventions focusing on increasing acceptance of private experiences, reducing emotional dysregulation and rumination, and modifying emotional schemas can have better therapeutic outcomes for people with OCD.

Objectives: Depression is the fourth major cause of disease burden in the world, which alone accounts for the largest share of non-fatal disease burden. The present study was done to investigate the mediating role of shame and self-criticism in the relationship between attachment styles and the severity of depression symptoms. Methods: The current research design was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the current study was all people in the age range of 18 to 47 years in Tehran in 2022. The research sample consisted of 212 people who were selected using the available sampling method. In order to collect data, Beck’, s Depression Questionnaire, Hazen and Shaver’, s Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Tangeni et al. ’, s Shame Questionnaire, and Thompson, and Zaroff’, s Critical Levels Questionnaire were used. For the statistical analysis of the data, structural equation modeling using Lisrel 8/8 software was used. Results: The results of data analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between anxiousavoidant attachment styles (r=0. 62,P<0. 01) and anxious-ambivalent (r=0. 51,P<0. 01) and the severity of depression symptoms, shame and the severity of depression (r=0. 75,P<0. 01), and self-criticism and the severity of depression (r=0. 45, P<0. 01). Also, the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment path and the anxious-ambivalent insecure attachment path showed a significant relationship with the severity of depression symptoms with the mediating role of shame, with standard coefficients of 0. 30 and 0. 33, respectively, at the P<0. 05 level. In addition, the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment path and the anxious-ambivalent insecure attachment path showed a significant relationship with the severity of depression symptoms with the mediating role of self-criticism, with standard coefficients of 0. 22 and 0. 33, respectively, at the P<0. 05 level. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, anxious-avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment, shame, and self-criticism are the underlying factors of depression, and paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in the prevention and designing of more appropriate treatments.

Objectives: The quality of professional life is an important determinant of job and patient satisfaction among psychotherapists. Low quality of professional life can lead to job burnout and compassion fatigue. However, factors related to the quality of professional life in psychotherapists have not yet been clearly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of professional life of psychotherapists working in Mashhad. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on psychotherapists working in Mashhad based on a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool in this study was the Demographic and occupational information questionnaire and the professional quality of life scale (ProQoL), which includes professional life satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue components. The relationship between study variables was evaluated using Pearson’, s correlation coefficient. Results: In this study, 184 psychotherapists working in Mashhad (49. 5% males and 50. 5% females) with mean age of 37. 4±, 7. 6 years and a work experience of 6. 5±, 6. 6 years were studied. More than half of the participants had a moderate level of compassion satisfaction. The level of job burnout and secondary stress and compassion fatigue were low in most of the participants. There was a significant and direct relationship between job burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue. There was an inverse relationship between compassion satisfaction and job burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue. The relationship between age, gender, treatment approach, and work experience with quality of life factors was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue were effective factors in increasing job burnout and can be used in preventive measures.

Objectives: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an issue primarily of concern in adolescents and young adults. The Ottawa self-Injury inventory (OSI) is a self-report measure that offers a comprehensive assessment of NSSI, including the measurement of its functions and addictive features. Thus, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Ottawa self-Injury inventory-functions (OSI-F) for assessing NSSI for gifted adolescents. Methods: In this correlational study, 350 gifted adolescents who were selected using the convenience sampling method, answered the OSI-F, the short version of the self-harm screening inventory for adolescents, the depression, anxiety and stress scale, and the psychological capital questionnaire. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis in line with the results of other studies supported the factor structure consisting of four factors. The model showed significant correlations between factors (rs=0. 55-0. 75, P<0. 001). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factor structure of the addictive characteristics of self-injurious behaviors. All the items had significant path estimates (0. 42 to 0. 83). Cronbach’, s alpha for factors of internal emotional regulation, social influence, external emotional regulation, and sensation seeking in the scale of self-injurious behavior functions was equal to 0. 86, 0. 87, 0. 64, and 0. 72, respectively, and for the scale of addictive characteristics was 0. 87. Convergent validity of scales of functions and addictive characteristics of self-injurious behavior was obtained through the relationship with scores in scales of anxiety, depression, stress, and deliberate self-injurious behaviors, as well as psychological capital factors. Conclusion: Results showed preliminary psychometric support for the OSI as a valid and reliable assessment tool to be used in both research and clinical contexts.

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (CO VID-19) on people’, s life was high, influencing almost all aspects of human functioning, causing sleeping disorders, eating disorders, stress, anxiety, depression, and other mentalhealth problems due to the increasing levels of sickness, fear of death, and imposing various restrictions such as travel ban, social distancing, and quarantine which increased the need for mental health support for people and health workers. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a promising method to treat patients with psychological disorders such depression, anxiety, etc. Recent studies have focused on evaluating the effects of psychological interventions for individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic [1-3] and dealing with various mental disorders [4-6], while other studies examined the relationships between CBT, resilience, well-being and COVID-19 [7, 8]. . .