SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE
Year:2014 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Background and Aim: Memory is an integral part of the learning process. There is strong correlation between academic achievements and components of short-term and working memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the evolution of digit span memory in primary school-aged children.Materials and Methods: This comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 students from six grades of primary school selected by available sampling. They were evaluated by Forward and Backward Digit span task. Two way ANOVA was used for data analysis.Results: There was significant difference between Forward and Backward Digit span scores and aging (p<0.05). No meaningful relationship was found between gender and memory scores.Conclusion: The short term and working memory performances improve with age in primary school children, suggesting functional maturation of underlying cognitive processes and brain areas.

Background and Aim: The role of selective attention in promote of learning and memory particularly in academic success is very important. Computerized assessment of attention recently, due to the high precision and attractive are looking more by researchers. The purpose of this study was to determination factors influencing the computer based assessment of selective attention in children with 7 to 8 years old.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 20 experts in specialized fields related to cognitive sciences and computer science was invited and ask them to Complete picture banks including 600 pictures and questionnaire including 10 questions related to type, shape, color, location, speed, orientation of target movement during watch picture on screen.Results: Score means of experts to each of the factors influencing selective attention and to any of the picture stimulus on computer based assessment had been carried all of experts accept with 100% related to type, size, color and the color of target and background not accept by all of experts.Conclusion: To make the computer based assessment of selective attention in children is essential to consider the combination of impact factors. These factors can make to children's tasks or even computer games can be used for Inventors.

Background and Aim: As a respect of increasing the number of elderly in societies, the importance and upraising of body and psyche's health among elderly is one of the important pillars in each government. The government should try its best in order to preserve its inhabitant's wellbeing and hygiene by accurate planning for recognizing the wellbeing factors and reinforcing the superior plans in this age group. Being nonathletic is a factor for decreasing the operation and injuring the body's health, so in this research we have decided to compare the effect of exercising on elderly depression, anxiety and stress between athletic and nonathletic groups.Materials and Methods: This casual- comparative study had been done on 142 elderly in Kermanshah city that the accessible sampling method was selected. The used tools were general information questionnaire (Demography) and also depression, anxiety and stress (DASS- 21). SPSS21 software, descriptive statistic method (mean, standard deviation, and percent), T-test and Chi- square, were used for analyzing the data.Results: Analyzing data by using T-test for independent groups showed that the amount of stress, depression and anxiety among athletic elderly was noticeably less than nonathletic group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that elderly athletes had depression, anxiety and stress much smaller than their non-athletic peers. Exercising was being recognized as a factor for better somatic operation, increasing longevity and also preferment of mental health. So the mental health of elderly can be increased a lot by making favorable sportive and social places.

Background and Aim: Human body is an integrated unit that acts as a whole in such a way that the function of every part may influence the other parts. In order to understand and reveal these wide and complicated relations with many researches are needed. Therefore, in this study the effect of hamstring muscle stretching on mouth opening in healthy people was investigated as a component of the integrated body.Materials and Methods: Eighty volunteers, 54 men and 26 women, aged 18 to 30 years old, participated in this study. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups. Group 1 underwent a single 60-second hamstring muscle static stretching for dominant leg. The control group received passive patellar mobilization as a placebo intervention for dominant leg. Outcome measure was maximum active mouth opening which measured with a digital caliper and popliteal angle, which measured with a goniometer. These measurements were assessed pre, 5 minutes, 1 hour and 24 hours, post intervention by an examiner blinded to the intervention allocated to each subject.Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant decrease in mouth opening in group 1 (p<0.05); that was also significant when compared to control group (p<0.05). Popliteal angle was not significantly changed in both groups. In addition positive correlation was found between the active mouth opening and popliteal angle.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated an decrease in active mouth opening in response to the static stretching of hamstring muscles which confirms the hypothesis of a functional relationship between the masticatory and hamstring muscle. This relationship can be explained through myofascial meredians, nervous system, muscle chains and biomechanical linkage.

Background and Aim: Stuttering is one of the most current speech disorders, which is marked by sudden occurring, alternate and abnormal interruptions in the natural flow of speech. It also has consequences such as behavioral, cognitive and attitude changes in the patient. The main aim of this study was to compare and analyze the speed of naming in 7-8 year old children with and without stuttering. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional research study was conducted on 36 children with and without stuttering. The sampling of case group (n=18) was based on parameters such as Tehran’s speech therapy databases. Also, sampling of control group were (n=18) was done in terms of age, sex, and being monolingual in Persian. In order to do this research, 4 sub-scales were used: pictures, colors, numbers and alphabetic letters and the results were recorded according to the responses of the participants in terms of speech reaction time (SRT) in naming speed task.Results: The outcome showed that there is a significant difference at the all sub-scales (p<0.001) between the case and control groups. We also found out that the speech reaction times between the two groups were different in numbers in telling the numbers, alphabetic letters, colors and pictures respectively.Conclusion: According to research findings, the SRT cases were slower in the all the 4 sub-scales, and were slowest in doing the pictures task.

Background and Aim: Presbyopia is an age-related loss of lens accommodation that results in an inability to focus at near distances. Intracor is a new surgical treatment for presbyopic patients which claim to be a replacement for near spectacle. Due to great desire among patients for not using spectacles, evaluation of efficiency and results of this surgical treatment has a great significant. The purpose of this study was determining visual acuity and refraction after Intracor surgery on presbyopic patients.Materials and Method: In an observational cohort study, 22 eyes (left eye: 11, right eye: 11) of 15 presbyopic patients were enrolled. Refractive error and visual acuity were evaluated before and 12 months after INTRACOR surgery. Patients with history of previous ocular surgery, corneal irregularity or incident of cataract were excluded. Statistical analyzes was performed by SPSS-19 software. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used.Results: Mean age of patients was 50.1±4 years (range 44.5 to 66 years). Average monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.74±0.20 decimal at base line to 0.85±0.16 decimal at last visit (P<0.01). Average binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.85±0.16 decimal at base line to 0.92±0.09 decimal at last visit (P<0.05). Average monocular near visual acuity with distance correction increased from 0.27±0.07 decimal at base line to 0.39±0.15 decimal at last visit. Average binocular near visual acuity with distance correction increased from 0.30±0.07 decimal at base line to 0.50±0.21 decimal at last visit (P<0.01). Average near visual acuity without distance correction increased from 0.23±0.05 decimal at base line to 0.68±0.24 decimal at last visit (P<0.001). Average of monocular spherical refraction and monocular and binocular corrected near visual acuity had a statistically significant decrease. (P<0.001) Conclusion: There was a statistically significant improvement in both distance and near visual acuity after Intracor surgery. Improvement in near visual acuity was more significant.

Background and Aim: Binaural perception is an important ability in human auditory system. The human click-evoked binaural interaction component has been known as an index of binaural perception. The purpose of this investigation was to study the stimulus polarity effect on binaural interaction of auditory brainstem response (ABR).Materials and Methods: ABR’s were recorded monaurally and binaurally in 30 normal adults (12 men & 18 women) using different stimulus polarity. In order to determine binaural interaction component (BIC) from wave V, the binaural response was subtracted from the summed monaural waves (R+L) in each polarity. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze latency & amplitude differences of BIC between the three stimulus polarities.Results: Condensation clicks produced BIC’s with longer latency compared to rarefaction clicks (p˂0.05). BIC’s amplitude increased by using condensation polarity compared to rarefaction & alternate polarities (p˂0.001 & p˂0.01, respectively).Conclusion: Amplitude, latency & morphologic characteristics of BIC were dependent on click polarity. Latency differences has been accounted for by small latency shift of the components of monaurally or binaurally evoked potentials resulting from changes in click polarity. Recognition of BIC was easier using condensation polarity.

Background and Aim: Little study about psychological health has been done in the sports setting. The present study was designed to assess depression, anxiety, stress, in a sample of athletes at the elite level.Material & Methods: In this descriptive comparative study, sample contains 63 highly successful athletes who won medals in competitions such as Olympics. Sixty three elite athletes- (35 male -28 female) with mean age 23.95 (SD=7.32) were evaluated by DASS 21 test. We assigned them in two groups- (active and inactive athletes). There was a third control group including 70 subjects with same age and sex and education without history of sport activity. We used ANOVA test to determine differences in outcomes between groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.Results: In the present study, mean age of 63 participant was 23.95 (SD=7.32). In Athletes group and control group included 35 (56%) male and 28 (44%) female, and 27 (41%) male and 39 (59%) female respectively. The results of ANOVA test for comparison among three groups (active and inactive athletes and normal) did not show significant difference on depression, anxiety and stress variables.Conclusion: Our results indicated that there is not any significant difference on depression, anxiety and stress between the elite athlete and general population.

Background and Aim: The role of parents in children's development is very important. Good understanding of this role and its tasks is helpful in all aspect of children's life. The purpose of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess parental role tasks.Materials and Methods: This study included two phases. In the first phase, information regarding the parental role was selected by using resources such as book, article, internet, and interview with professionals and parent. In the second phase, face validity and content validity were assessed by conducting a research with experts and scholars.Results: In the first phase of the study, 75 items were extracted through the literature review, reduced into 34 by an interview with teachers and parents. In the determining of content validity and face validity, only one item was deleted. Content validity index was also 0.93 and content validity ratio became 0.80.Conclusion: According to the results, this tool is appropriate for assessment parenting role tasks in the community.