Journal of Preventive Medicine
Year:2023 | Volume:9 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Objective Familial aggregation studies are the first step for detecting the genetic causes of diseases, which compare the prevalence of a disease in families and general population. There are few studies regarding the definition and methods of familial aggregation studies. This study aims to review the familial aggregation studies to provide the details about the definition and methods of familial aggregation. This systematic review was conducted in 2021. A search was first conducted in databases including Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Medline/PubMed, IranMedex, MagIran and SID using the keywords “, familial”,OR “, family”,and “, aggregation”,to find the related studies in Persian or English published until March 2021. Methods All studies in the field of familial aggregation were included in the study. Articles whose full texts was in a language other than Persian or English and those with insufficient information were excluded. Results The initial search yielded 461197 articles, of which 67 (0. 015%) were found from the national databases. By examining the titles and abstracts, 138581 articles were excluded due to being duplicate and 322600 were excluded due to not providing an explanation about the methods. Finally, 7 articles were selected for the review. Conclusion Familial aggregation studies are necessary for finding the genetic determinants of diseases which indicate the role of genetic and environment factors or their interactions in creating a specific phenotype.

Objective The effectiveness of interventions and programs that are related to issues with social and cultural complexity, is one of the crucial challenges in preventive medicine and health promotion, and related solutions require the use of interdisciplinary approaches. Methods Library resources include articles, books with keywords related to "sensory perception" and "cultural anthropology" in Persian and English languages extracted from libraries and journals indexed in SID and ISI and data banks from SID, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer have been used. Results The previous studies showed that cultural factors play a very important role in the quality of understanding and sensory perception of the audience of health promotion interventions and conducting interdisciplinary studies combining cognitive science, cultural anthropology and health education to deeply understand the knowledge transfer process and also the quality of sensory perception in local societies can help in designing effective methods for health interventions. Conclusion Considering interdisciplinary studies to deeply understand the knowledge transfer process and the quality of sensory perception in Hormozgan province can help in designing effective methods for preventive medicine and health interventions.

Objective Infertility refers to the inability to achieve a pregnancy after one year of regular sexual intercourse, without the use of contraceptive methods, half of which is due to male factor. The couples with infertility suffers from emotional and psychological problems which affect the health of the family. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the process of spermatogenesis and infertility. The study aims to investigate the role of peripheral blood miRNAs, as non-invasive biomarkers, for the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility. Information sources or data: In this review study, related articles published in English or Persian from 2012 to 2022 were searched and evaluated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria independently by three researchers. Methods The search was conducted using the keywords: Male infertility, Diagnosis, Identification, miRNAs, Biomarkers, Non-invasive, Peripheral blood, Semen analysis, Testicular biopsy, and Treatment in both English and Persian in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran databases. Results Of 114 found articles, 47 were finally selected for the review. Their results showed that the diagnosis of male infertility by semen analysis do not provide accurate results due to the lack of molecular investigation and invasive testicular biopsy. They suggested the use of peripheral blood miRNAs to screen male infertility. Conclusion Considering the importance of childbearing and the global need for new and efficient diagnostic tools, miRNAs can be used as non-invasive, specific, stable, reproducible, and available biomarkers for screening and diagnosis of male infert, ility. This is a promising and challenging issue and needs further investigations.

Objective Operating room staff provide specialized care to the patients. Their compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines can reduce the risk of contracting the disease. The present study aims to assess the compliance of operating room staff with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines in Iran. Methods This is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 876 operating room staff in 10 cities of Iran in 2021. Sampling was done using a multi-stage cluster method. In the first stage, 10 cities (clusters) were selected. Then, three hospitals accepting patients with COVID-19 in each city were selected by simple random sampling method (using lottery method). The data collection tools were a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire assessing the compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines in the operating rooms, which were completed online by the participants. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive (Mean±, SD) and inferential (chi-square test) statistics. Results The Mean±, SD age of the participants was 28. 5±, 5. 4 years. The majority of them were female (82. 3%) and single (52. 6%). The mean score of compliance was 42. 29±, 7. 11,6. 5% had low compliance, 59. 4% had moderate compliance, and 34. 1% had high compliance with the guidelines. The highest level of compliance was in the dimension of personal protective equipment instructions and the lowest level was in the dimension of surgical type instructions. There was a significant correlation between participation in training courses and the level of compliance with the guidelines (P=0. 002). Conclusion The compliance of the Iranian operating room staff with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines is at a moderate level. To increase their compliance, it is recommended that hospital managers provide standard protective equipment and hold training courses for improving their knowledge of guidelines.

Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of prenatal care was affected considerably and online prenatal care emerged as a safe and effective method. This study aims to assess the quality of prenatal care during the pandemic in the south of Iran. Methods This is a descriptive analytical study that was carried out in Bandar Abbas city in August 2021 for four months. Participants were 400 pregnant women referred to health centers who received prenatal care services by telephone or in person at least three times and had health records. Data collection tools were the quality of prenatal care questionnaire and a researcher-made prenatal care delivery checklist. Results The mean age of participants was 28. 1±, 5. 9 years. Less than 10% of them received full routine prenatal care. Weight measurement was the most frequent service provided to mothers (96. 8%) while oral and dental health education (33. 3%) was the least frequent service. Pregnant women had the highest and lowest prenatal care quality perception score in dimensions of information sharing (3. 8±, 0. 47) and approachability (2. 0±, 0. 69), respectively. Low level of education (β, =0. 83, 95% CI: 0. 5-0. 9, P= 0001) and history of infertility (β, =-0. 32, 95% CI:-0. 29-0. 64, P= 0. 008) were the two variables predicting the perceived prenatal care quality. Conclusion The quality of prenatal care provided to pregnant mothers in southern Iran during the pandemic is not favorable. The use of community-based midwifery system, gaining mothers’,trust in online services and telephone follow-up, and improving online prenatal care infrastructure should among the priorities of decision makers in the health sector.

Objective The high mortality due to cervical cancer in developing countries is mainly due to ineffective screening programs, limited access to screening programs, and low levels of follow-up treatment after abnormal results. The present study aims to identify the factors related to cervical cancer screening in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2021-2022 on 810 women aged 15-49 years who were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling method. The participants completed a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire face-to-face, which surveyed demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 and using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Mean age of the participants was 30. 97±, 5. 80 years. The likelihood of cervical cancer screening in women with 1-2 children compared to women without children was 25 times higher,in women with 3-5 children compared to women without children, it was 7. 7 times higher,in women with moderate financial status compared to those with poor financial status, it was 9 times higher,and in women with good financial status compared to those with poor financial status, it was 23 times higher. Furthermore, with one unit increase in knowledge score, the likelihood of cervical cancer screening was 1. 4 times higher, and with one unit increase in the attitude score, the screening was increased by 1. 08. Conclusion to increase the rate of cervical cancer screening in bandar Abbas, some personal and social factors should be taken into account. It is recommended to use appropriate and cost-effective educational methods to promote the knowledge and attitude of women in Bandar Abbas regarding cervical cancer and its prevention methods.

Objective Flatfoot and postural control problems are the most common physical and motor disorders among shool students. This study aims to investigate the effects of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)’, s corrective exercises on the correction of flexible flatfoot and postural control in male high school students with overweight. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 40 male high school students with flexible flatfoot and overweight who were selected using a purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned into two groups of exercise (n=20) and control (n=20). The exercise group performed NASM’, s corrective exercises for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each for 45 minutes. Variables were measured at the baseline and after the program. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 24. The significance level was set at 0. 05. Results The NASM’, s corrective exercises could significantly improve flexible flatfoot and postural control in overweight students (P≥, 0. 05). The effect size was 0. 32 for the flatfoot and 0. 28 for the postural control variables. Conclusion The NASM’, s corrective exercise protocol can correct the flexible flatfoot and improve postural control in male high school students with overweight. Therefore, it is recommended that trainers and rehabilitation centers use this correct, ive exercise protocol.

Objective The present study aims to compare the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on death anxiety of women with breast cancer. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population includs all women suffering from breast cancer covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Gorgan, Iran in 2021. Of these, 30 were selected and randomly divided into two intervention groups of CBT and ISTDP and one control group. Ghorbani’, s death anxiety scale in Persian was used to measure death anxiety before and after the interventions. The intervention groups received the interventions at 11 sessions each for 90 minutes, while the control group put on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed by the analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 26. Results Both CBT and ISTDP were effective in reducing the death anxiety of patients (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between them (P>0. 05). Conclusion CBT and ISTDP can reduce the death anxiety of women with breast cancer. There is no significant diffrence between them.

Objective Having a health-promoting lifestyle can improves the course of asthma. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health-promoting lifestyle education on physical symptoms and illness perception in patients with asthma. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design that was conducted on 30 patients with asthma referred to Shahid Fayyazbakhsh Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2020, who were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n=15) and control (n=15). The instruments were the Illness Perception Questionnaire and the St. George’, s Respiratory Questionnaire. Th educational program was presented to the intervention group at 6 sessions, each for 90 minutes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 24. Results The effect of group (η, 2=0. 161, P=0. 002), time (η, 2=0. 720, P=0. 001), and the interaction effect of time and group (η, 2=0. 606, P=0. 001) on physical symptoms, and the effect of group (η, 2=0. 132, P=0. 006), time (η, 2=0. 760, P=0. 001), and the interaction effect of time and group (η, 2=0. 695, P=0. 001) on illness perception were significant. Conclusion The health-promoting lifestyle education is effective in improving the symptoms and illness perception in patients with asthma. The officials and professionals in the health sector are recommended to provide behavioral interventions such as health-promoting lifestyle education for patients with asthma, in addition to medical treatments.