SALAMAT-I IJTIMAI (Community Health)
Year:2022 | Volume:9 | Issue:5|Papers Count:6

Background and Objective: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that comes with huge costs and has been reported as one of the main causes of disability. The purpose of this study was to compare eight weeks of opened and closed chain exercises on strength and range of motion of lower limb in female volleyball players with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Materials and Methods: The quasi-experimental research method with the pre-test and post-test was employed in the study. The study population consisted of all Between female volleyball players with nonspecific chronic back pain of Shiraz city, with an average age of 20 to 30 years, among whom 24 participants were selected by purposive sampling. After filling out the Quebec, diagnosis and confirmation of orthopedic physician, the participants were divided into 2 groups of 12 participants as intervention group 1 (opened chain exercises) and 12 participants as intervention group 2 (closed chain exercises). Participants strength was evaluated by employing Dynamometer and the range of motion by utilizing Modified Schober test as pre-and post-tests. The covariance test was utilized to analyze the data in SPSS-22. Results: In the intervention group 1, the mean score (standard deviation) of the range of motion increased from 14. 9 (1. 4) in the pre-test to 16. 1 (1. 7) in the post-test, and in the intervention group 2, from 15 (1. 1) in the pre-test to 17 (1. 2) in the post-test (P<0. 001), both training protocol increased range of motion. In the intervention group 1, the mean score (standard deviation) of strength increased from 63. 3 (4. 3) in the pre-test to 74. 2 (4. 2) in the post-test, and in the intervention group 2, from 64 (4. 1) in the pre-test to 74. 6 (4. 1) in the post-test (P<0. 001), both training protocol increased strength. And the results of analysis of covariance showed there was no difference between the exercise groups of open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain in terms of range of motion and in terms of strength and by controlling the effect of the pre-test. Conclusion: The results revealed that the open and closed kinetic chain exercises of this study are effective in improving strength and range of motion by strengthening the muscles that are often associated with spine and pelvic control. More precisely, the results of the present study confirmed the effect of open and closed kinetic chain exercises on strength and range of motion in the participants, if none of the training methods was superior to the other.

Background and Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Iranian women. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment with meaning therapy on quality of life and sexual function in women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was an experimental study and the study design was a pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population was all patients who refer to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah in 2020 with breast cancer. Thirty patients were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into three groups: acceptance and commitment with meaning therapy, meaning therapys and control group. Acceptance and commitment intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions that were performed in groups for experiment groups. The EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire and Rosen Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and post hoc test using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Results: The mean (SD) of the functional scope of quality of life in acceptance and commitment group therapy increased from 34. 6 (3. 3) in the pre-test to 74. 1 (2. 2) in the post-test and in the follow-up phase 72. 4 (3), which had a slight decrease (P<0. 03). In the meaning therapy group, the mean (SD) of the functional scope of quality of life increased from 33. 8 (2. 4) in the pre-test to 41. 2 (3. 3) in the post-test, and in the follow-up phase 39. 3 (2. 1), which had a slight decrease (P<0. 03). In acceptance and commitment group therapy, the mean (SD) of the scope of quality of life symptoms decreased from 69. 1 (3. 3) in the pre-test to 28. 4 (2. 8) in the post-test, and in the follow-up phase, 31. 1 (2. 2), which had a slight increase (P<0. 013). In the meaning therapy group, the mean (SD) of the range of the scope of quality of life symptoms decreased from 63. 2 (2. 2) in the pre-test to 57. 4 (2. 7) in the post-test, and in the follow-up phase, 59. 4 (1. 9), which had a slight increase (P<0. 02). In acceptance and commitment group therapy, the mean (SD) of sexual function increased from 13. 8 (5. 9) in the pre-test to 23. 7 (4. 8) in the post-test and in the follow-up phase 22. 6 (3. 9), which had a slight decrease of (P<0. 02). In the meaning therapy group, the mean (SD) of sexual function increased from 12. 7 (4. 2) in the pretest to 19. 4 (4) in the posttest and in the follow-up phase, 18. 4 (3. 3), which had a slight decrease (P<0. 02). The scores of the control group did not differ significantly in the three phases. Also, acceptance and commitment therapy was more effective than meaning therapy in increasing the functional scope of quality of life (P<0. 03), reducing the scope of quality of life symptoms (P<0. 04), and improving sexual function (P<0. 02). Conclusion: The study showed that both acceptance and commitment with meaning therapy improved quality of life and sexual function in breast cancer patients. Acceptance and commitment therapy had a greater effect on improving quality of life and sexual function than meaning therapy.

Background and Objective: The issue of interdisciplinary skills training in medical sciences universities has attracted a lot of attention in recent decades. Since few studies in this field have been conducted in Iran, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the extent of interdisciplinary training in the educational curricula of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This comparative study systematically assessed the educational topics of medical sciences curricula in Iran. The number of 64 curricula was randomly selected and checked using a checklist including the main categories, subcategories and their components. The status of 22 components was determined on a four-point scale using the mean value. Results: Among the 22 assessment components, three topics of "research skills", "health promotion" and "use of new technologies" achieved the highest scores. On the other hand, three topics of "Management Skills", "Legal issues”,and "Working with Insurance Organizations" achieve the lowest scores. Conclusion: The study showed the situation of the issue of interdisciplinary education in the curricula of Iranian universities of medical sciences was not favourable. These results provide a clear perspective to policymakers in the field of medical education to pay special attention to the issue of interdisciplinary skills when revising curricula and developing new educational programs.

Background and Objective: One of the most important issues in adolescence is to pay attention to adaptation, which can have a significant impact on individual and social life. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a protocol based on emotional communication skills training on adaptation in female adolescents. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all 10th to 12th grade female high school teenagers in the central part of Khoy city in the academic year of 2019-2020. Thirty subjects who scored higher than the cut-off point in the Sinha and Singh adaptation questionnaire were selected and randomly assigned to the control and experimental equal groups. The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of a two-hour emotional communication skills training program. No special training program was considered for the control group. At the end, post-test was performed for both groups. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Results: In the experimental group, the mean (SD) of emotional incompatibility increased from 13. 1 (1. 4) in the pre-test to 8. 8 (1. 6) in the post-test (P<0. 001),social incompatibility from 13. 6 (1. 9) in the pre-test decreased to 8. 4 (1. 6) in the post-test (P<0. 001),and the academic incompatibility decreased from 12. 4 (1. 4) in the pre-test to 8. 6 (0. 1) in the post-test (P>0. 001). In the control group, the mean (SD) of the total incompatibility score and its components were not different in pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: The study showed that training in emotional communication skills improved adaptation in female adolescents.

Background and Objective: People living with multiple sclerosis experience mood and mental health disorders more than the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on mental toughness and cognitive flexibility in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-interventional with a pre-test-post-test design and a one-month follow-up with a control group. The study population included 30 patients with multiple sclerosis who referred to a neurologist office in Isfahan in 2020. Thirty of them were selected using available sampling method during a call and randomly divided into two equal interventional and control groups. The participants in the interventional group receive a positive psychotherapy for eight 90-minute sessions per week. Clough Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ) and Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI), before and after completing the training and one month after the intervention was implemented. Data were analysed using mixed analysis of variance test and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Results: The mean (SD) age of participants in the interventional group was 33 (4. 7) and in the control group was 33. 7 (5. 3). The mean (SD) of the mental toughness in the interventional group in the pre-test was 108. 3(32) which increased to 124 (29) in the post-test (P< 0. 001). But in the follow-up one month later, it showed a slight decrease to 123 (29). Also, the mean (SD) of the cognitive flexibility in the pre-test was 66. 5 (21. 7) increased to 84. 6 (27. 4) in the post-test (P<0. 001). But in the follow-up, it decreased to 80. 1(25). The changes in the control group were not significant in both tests. Conclusion: The study showed that positive psychotherapy increased mental toughness and cognitive flexibility in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of workplace violence (WPV) against residents of clinical medicine in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted with the participation of 219 clinical medical residents of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019. To collect data, an edited version of the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study questionnaire was completed in one interview session. Results: Total of 219 residents were studied, of which 85 (38. 8%) had experienced physical WPV, and 207 (94. 5%) were subjected to psychological WPV at least once in the last 12 months. During this period 21 (80. 8%) emergency medicine, 11 (64. 7%) psychiatry, 31 (47. 0%) surgical sciences, and 22 (20. 0%) internal medicine residents, had experienced physical WPV. Male and first-year residents were more subjected to physical workplace violence than female and second-year (P<0. 001). All residents in emergency medicine, psychiatry, and surgery groups, and 98 (89. 1%) residents of internal medicine groups reported experiencing psychological violence at work during the last 12 months. The residents in the first year were more victims of psychological violence in the workplace than in the second year (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The study shows nearly one-third of the studied residents had been subjected to physical WPV, and roughly all had encountered psychological WPV at least once in the past 12 months. The most violence was directed at emergency medicine and psychiatry residents and the first year.