ISLAMIC POLITICS RESEARCH
Year:2017 | Volume:4 | Issue:10|Papers Count:6

From the beginning, humanitarian law contained rules which aimed at protecting the life and properties of people during armed conflicts. (History) This law is different in terms of theoretical foundations and practical manifestations in the popular western theory and the Islamic theory which have not been analyzed. (Background) Therefore, identity borders and foundations of the rules of humanitarian law have remained unknown and ambiguous in western and Islamic communities. (Problem) Thus, the following question is raised: What are the theoretical foundations of humanitarian law in Islam? And how the Islamic theory of humanitarian law can affect international peace? (Question) We assume that: the Islamic humanitarian law, in contrast to its western counterpart, has two supportive bases in Islam, one of them is the inherent dignity of man and the other is his value. (Hypothesis) The author seeks to answer to the research question (Objective) through using explanatory-analytical method. (Methodology) The Islamic theory of humanitarian law is the most advanced, the strongest, and the most exact and at the same time very older than western theories and in the verses of the holy Quran, the tradition of the Prophet, and jurisprudential and narrative books, issues of the international humanitarian law are clearly observed. In addition, peace has priority over war in Islam (Finding).

A lot of experts either have completely confirmed bureaucracy or have regarded it as inefficient and declining (History), for this reason, different dimensions of bureaucracy from different perspectives have always been criticized and analyzed (Background), however, the degree of the compatibility of its principles with Islam's teachings has not been evaluated (Problem), that is: Which principles of bureaucracy, to what extent and with what conditions, are confirmed by Islam.(Question) Our assumption is that contrary to the practice of western thinkers which either have completely rejected bureaucracy or have completely confirmed it, Islam has specific conditions for its implementation while confirming some of its principles. (Hypothesis) In the present paper, interpretive and comparative methods were used in data collection and analysis (Methodology) in order to find an answer to the question. (Objective) Investigations show that although the totality of the principles of bureaucracy can be accepted, Islam has considerations and conditions for each of its principles which in practice lead us towards basic redesigning like orbital structure instead of hierarchical structure (Finding).

From the early days of the life of philosophy, Muslims have witnessed the concerns of philosophers in correcting the Islamic community (History); however, the concern of Ibn Rushd (Averroes) in analyzing the multidimensional relationship between religion and politics based on jurisprudence and philosophy has been ignored. (Background) Therefore, ambiguity about the dimensions of such a relationship from the viewpoint of Ibn Rushd has remained so far, (Problem) thus, "How Ibn Rushed looked at the relationship between religion and politics? " is the main question (Question) and "presenting the pattern of the unity of religion and politics based on philosophy and jurisprudence from the viewpoint of Ibn Rushd" is the assumption of the present article. (Hypothesis) The present paper seeks to explain the main problem of the Islamic community and present its solution from the viewpoint of Ibn Rushd (Objective) using documentary method with interpretive approach. (Methodology) The result of the present paper is that the linking loop between religion and politics from the viewpoint of Ibn Rushd is philosophy, as a result, the chief of utopia is both a philosopher and a jurists; as he himself was a philosopher-jurist and also, in the present research the following point is emphasized: paying attention to the theoretical and practical dimensions for correcting a society is necessary; therefore, jurisprudence alone and philosophy alone will not have the required efficiency in fulfilling this important issue (Finding).

The relationship between mysticism and politics has been mentioned from the past and some Muslim mystics like Najm al-Din Razi were experts in the field of politics. (History) In this regard, works of some advocates and opponents regarding Razi have been presented; however, still the need for raising new issues is felt. (Background) Nevertheless, there still exists disagreement about this relationship in the viewpoint of thinkers like Razi! (Problem) Therefore, in analyzing the relationship between mysticism and politics in his thoughts, we face the following question: What is the relationship between mysticism and politics in his point of view? (Question) The present paper assumes that: Razi believes in combining mysticism and politics and thus he has reached the close relationship between mysticism and politics and the equal relationship of the four relations between these two. (Hypothesis) Using the analytical-interpretative method, (Methodology) the present article seeks to show this relationship. (Objective) The result shows that Razi considers man’s achievement of real mysticism, spiritual perfection, and happiness in this world and the Hereafter dependent upon managing worldly affairs or politics which is in line with mysticism or the reality of Islam (Finding).

Cultural policy-making and its implementation has always been a way for political systems to transmit their ideals and wishes to social agents in the form of executive instructions (History); however, researchers have ignored scientific investigation of the executive dimensions of the effect of politics on culture. (Background) Here, analysis of the effects of Imam Khomeini's cultural policies on the basis of the methodology of Lakatos has remained unknown. (Problem) Therefore, the following questions are raised: how can the compatibility of the methodology of Lakatos on the cultural policies be shown? And of course, what is the result of this compatibility? (Question) The present article assumes that the pattern of Lakatos provides a clear answer to this question. (Hypothesis) The present paper seeks to explain the compatibility of the method of Lakatos (Methodology) and the works of Imam Khomeini (R.A.) using the pattern of Lakatos. (Objective) The finding is that: the core of Imam Khomeini's political thought has the capability of compatibility with contemporary philosophical investigations and even, the Islamic republic can be regarded as a research project that can protect itself more than ever in addition to its epistemological and metaphysical richness provided that it interacts with other theories (Finding).

The sociopolitical conditions after the Constitution resulted in the emergence and decline of the intellectual tradition of new monarchy. (History) However, valuable works in this regard have not been written (Background), thus, the relationship between its rise and fall with the emergence of the Islamic government has not been seriously investigated (Problem) as a result, the main question is: what sociopolitical conditions caused the formation of this tradition and on the one hand, how the failure of this tradition affected the rise of the thought of the Islamic government? (Question) It is assumed that this intellectual tradition did not continue for reasons like incompatibility with social conditions and the existence of some theoretical ambiguities. (Hypothesis) In the present research, in which the communitarianism framework is used (Methodology), we showed that this tradition not only enjoyed virtue, benefit and special companions in a historical period, (Objective) however and in spite of the failure of this tradition, its theoretical effects have remained in the intellectual atmosphere of Iran. Among its most important effects is that implementation of religious injunctions requires safe conditions which a strong government provides, therefore, with the failure of the thought of the presence of a king gradually provided the conditions for the emergence of jurisprudence-centered thoughts which in addition to the belief in implementing Islamic injunctions, regardswali al-faqih as the authority in performing them (Finding).