Journal of Aquaculture Development
Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:10

The Sabzkoh and Parvaz are very important rivers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, especially for rainbow trout culture. The present research has been carried out to determine the water quality and the amount of contamination of these rivers and the possibility to build the new trout production units. For this purpose, water quality parameters were assessed for these rivers. For each river, seven sampling stations were selected. The water samples were collected once a month from May to October and were sent to laboratory for assessing: Nitrite, Ammonium, Soluble Phosphate, BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, Cu, Zn, Hg, Cl-, organophosphate toxins, pH, Malachite green and EC. The Nitrite concentration in Parvaz River (0. 104 mg/l) was equal to standard (P>0. 05) and in Sabzkoh River (0. 068 mg/l) was lower than standard (P<0. 0001). The soluble Phosphate concentration was higher than standard (P<0. 05) in the studied rivers (0. 239 and 0. 163 mg/l for Parvaz and Sabzkoh, respectively). Difference between measured TDS (202 mg/l) and its standard amount, was not statistically significant for the Parvaz River. Except for the low number of stations, BOD5 and COD concentrations, were equal or lower (P<0. 0001) than its standards, for two rivers (3. 7 and 6. 1 mg/l for Parvaz river and 1. 9 and 3. 6 mg/l for Sabzkoh river, respectively). There was some malachite green toxin in studied rivers especially at their last station (0. 047 and 0. 078 mg/l for Parvaz and Sabzkoh rivers, respectively). Other parameters in the both rivers, were lower than the standard (P<0. 05). There were increasing trend for the most part of recorded parameters from first to last station. Generally, water quality of Parvaz and Sabzkoh rivers was absolute, but, to create new trout culture units, Nitrite, Phosphate and Malachite green must be controlled.

Through expanding of aquaculture activities, considering of male gamete quality has been increased. Egg fertilization with better quality sperm samples might increase fertilization outputs among all criteria (Fertilization and hatching rates, survival and growth). The quality of gametes involving fertilization relies on extensive factors which could have specific and different effects among species. So, there are many definitions for sperm quality. According to the scientific and technological improvements, the methods for sperm quality assessment have been continuously renewed and assessed through new vision. Study of spermatozoa, is easier than the eggs because of their specific characteristics and ease of sampling and the views of its quality assessment have been developed. In current article, after mentioning to most important fish spermatozoa cellular and morphometric characteristics, the most valuable quality indices and some factors affect them, have been discussed. Respecting to all studies on these indices and quality improvements of each techniques, spermatozoa motility and fertilization indices, still have been recognized as the indices and most reliable and practical indicators for routine sperm quality assessment in fish.

Cichlasomaseverum sp. is one of the most beautiful ornamental freshwater fish that is a favorite of many breeders in Iran. This fish is very strict in selecting pairs after choosing the perfect pair, if the availability of suitable environmental conditions, these fish can reproduce in the aquarium environment. Unfortunately, hatchability and survival of Severums' larval is very low. In this study, use of hormone therapy with carp pituitary extract (3 mg/KgBW and 5 mg/KgBW) and gonadotropinreleasing hormone (10 μ g/KgBW and 20 μ g/KgBW) with domperidone as anti-dopamine (5 mg/KgBW and 10 mg/KgBW, respectively) in the induced egg lay Severum fish was studied. Then, the effects of hormone therapy on physiological response spawners, fecundity, hatchability and larval survival have been investigated. Based on the results, although the fish are spawning after hormone administration to induce ovulation and stimulate, reproductive efficiency has reduced in treated fish when compared with control group (P<0. 05). This phenomenon may be due to stress and hormone administration during manipulation and injection or inappropriate hormone concentrations is used in hormone therapy.

Introduction of new species to aquaculture systems by creating species diversity in fish culture and reproduction، obtaining more production per unit area of farms and increase in income also it can lead to diversify the food basket of families. The aim of this study was the Investigation of growth and feasibility culture of Capoeta capoeta gracilis by using different feeding rates in laboratory conditions. So the effect of feeding ration on increasing body weight, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, daily growth and condition factor were studied. This research designed in completely random design with 3 treatments and 3 replications on C. c. gracilis that have average weight 18-16 g and a length of 13-12 cm that were fed according to 2, 4, and 5% of body weight for 60 days. The results showed that body weight increasing, percentage of body weight increasing, specific growth rate and condition factor in treatments of fish fed with 4% of body weight was more than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio also in the treatment of fish fed with 4% of body weight was less than other treatments and there was no significant difference between treatment fish fed with 5% and 4%of body weight (p>0/05). According to these results and better growth of C. c. gracilis fed with 4% of body weight, it is possible that the C. c. gracilis can be introduced to culture farms.

The present study was conducted to determine the gonadal differentiation of male and female fish in Tor grypus. In this study, 200 litter larvae in 1-10 cm size with an average weight of 3. 5 ± 2. 3 grams were sampled every 14 days from March 2011 to December 2012. In December, larvae were transferred to the laboratory. Standard procedures for histology, dehydration, clarification and paraffin were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining methods. Then a 5 micron section was made of them and examined by a light microscope equipped with a monitor and camera. Pear-shaped male gonads were seen with a single mesenteric barrier (the future testes of the Shirbut) and in the female ducklings fed to the peritoneum on both sides (the future ovaries of the Shirbut). Germ cells with gonocytes (sexual cells) were visible at 7 cm for male 152 days after hatching. In fish, the first symptoms of morphologic diagnosis appeared in 113 days after hatching, in fish with a body length of 4. 2 centimeters. On the 117th day after hatching, the first ovarian cells appeared in the 3. 5cm material. The final formulation of the gonadal microscopic structure in males with a length of 10 cm in 300 days and in materials with a length of 9 cm in 217 days occurred, indicating that the final formulation in the materials Males occur sooner rather than later. In the 6-6-6-centimeter, the distinction was completed at 145-113 days after hatching, with the advent of the first symptoms of cytological differentiation. In total, sexual maturation were observed in males 300 days after hatching and in females earlier than males and 217 days, which should be considered in artificial proliferation.

Today, the influence of estrogen on the natural sex hormones in fish have been proven as a contributing factor. The effects of Vitex agnus-castus extracts were investigate on gonadal structure and reproductive performance of goldfish (C. auratus). Maturing females (n=180) with an average weight of 16/5 ± 0/8 g was stocked for 48 hours after adaptation to the environment. Physical and chemical factors such as pH (6. 5), dissolved oxygen (6. 5), temperature (26) adjusted to optimal condition. Gold Fishes were separated in 8 groups (2 control groups and 4 treatment groups) with three replications, each group contains 15 fishes. Different doses of extract (10, 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg) were injected intramuscularly (IM) for 20 days (10 times). Fishes were anesthetized after 21 days length and weight were measured. Gonads were taken for estimating gonadosomatic condition. Histological studies were considered by tissue processing and staining with H & E using light microscope. After blood sampling, Sex hormones (testosterone and 17 ß-estradiol) were determined by radioimmunoassay. 17-ß estradiol were decrease in all treatments copair to control groups and had dose dependent significant differences (P<0. 01). Testosterone in 30 and 50 mg/kg treatments were also decreased significantly. Gonadosomatic index at 30 and 50 mg/kg treatments showed the same pattern witch supporting the inhibitory effects of Vitexagnus-castus extract on growth and development of oocyte and reproductive performance of fishes.

In this research, identifying and surveying the frequency of phytoplankton in simultaneous polyculture of Carp pond with Pike and their interactions were done in 5 therapies during two years of sampling from May to October 2006 and 2007. Overall, 64 genus of 5 phytoplankton phylum were identified which the most abundant of them belong to Bacillariophyta phylum that its predominant examples include Cyclotella, Nitzschia, Achnanthes and Melosira genuses. This phylum with the frequency average of 17241448 number in liter has had 52% of the annual phytoplankton population during 2 years. Physicochemical properties of the studied therapies in different months show effective relationship between phosphate, nitrite and ammonia (nutrient load) with phytoplankton frequency. ANOVA test has showed significant differences in five phytoplankton phylum and also various therapies has this difference too, but the types of phytoplankton have not any shared effectiveness on each other and on the other hand there are no significant differences. Furthermore, the frequency percentage of different phytoplankton groups in the therapies did not show the difference and the monthly study of different groups in all is indicating no significant difference therapies based on the studied months. The obtained results specify that the presence of Pike in the form of different therapies has not had any effect on the abundance and variety of the plankton types.

In this research paper quantities and properties of proteins and immunoglobulin’ s of the Oncorhynchus mykiss and Ctenopharyngodon idella in normal physiological conditions, weather of Iran was studied. Total quantities of immunoglobulin (IG) in mammals, such as mice and humans, typically between 15-20 mg per mL and about 25% of the proteins that make up blood serum. This amount, immunoglobulins, IgM 1-2 mg per ml or 5/1 rate (one and a half) percent of the total concentration of the serum proteins. In this study it was found that while the bony fishes, but not mammalian diversity immunoglobulin IgM concentration in the blood serum protein in farmed salmon and grass higher than immunoglobulin (IG) mammals. It was also found in serum total protein concentration of salmon and grass breeding in our country is generally lower than the total protein in mammalian blood serum. Review of the studies and research by others as well as our own measurements show that there is no clear answer to this difference. Isolation and purification of serum immunoglobulin (IG) fish was found via using fish serum antibody production in rabbits and purification of antibody by dialysis and analyzed using electrophoresis and affinity chromatography, Molecular weight of heavy chain immunoglobulin was 82 kDalton and light chains was about 21 kDalton in Oncorhynchus mykiss and the heavy and light chains immunoglobulin in Ctenopharyngodon idella were determined 70. 4 and 25. 3 kDalton respectively.

In this study, growth factors of trout fingerling fed the encapsulated arginine compared with free arginine. Therefore, about 400 rainbow trout (≈ 1 g) after adaptation to experimental environment were fed according to treatments. After assessing the shelf life of the amino acid and chitosan nanoparticles preparation, the growth was examined. Fish divided into 4 groups containing 100 individuals in pools with a separate nursery. The first group of fish were fed with commercial diet at a rate of 5% of body weight 5 times a day, the second group, fed by diets containing nanoparticles of chitosan 5% of body weight per day, the third group fed by a diet containing arginine at a rate of 5% of body weight and the fourth group were fed by a diet containing chitosan and amino acid arginine at a rate of 5% of body weight per day, for 60 consecutive days. Increasing the molecular weight of chitosan increased the size of the nanoparticles. Retention of amino acids in dietary supplements was significantly higher (P≤ 0. 05). Most of arginine-chitosan encapsulation observed in chitosan with molecular weight of 110. Microencapsulation of arginine with chitosan resulted in more controlled amino acid release and reduced it leaching (P≤ 0. 05). Arginine supplementation significantly improved the growth factors of Rainbow trout juveniles (P≤ 0. 05).

In this research 50 fingerling sturgeon fish (Acipenser persicus) with an average weight of 3 to 5 grams were examined. Based on O. E. C. D for 14 days at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 percent of the LC50 96h diazinon (which is equal to 38/4 ppm) for resident groups. Randomly sampled from each treatment were then transported to the laboratory. For bleeding (in calm conditions without causing any stress), using 2 ml syringes taken from tail vein blood was shed in a container containing heparin anticoagulant. Hematological parameters using standard methods of measuring were studied. The results show that the average number of red blood cells in the control sample 104 × 71 and treated1, 104 × 65 and treated 2, 104 × 63 and treated 3, 104 × 62 level of hematocrit in control samples (23%) and treatment 1, 21% and 2, 20% and treatment group 3, 19% have been and the relationship between hematological parameters showed statistically significant analysis (P≤ 0/01). There is a relationship between hematocrit and RBC count and MCV. This means that the same number of red blood cells in two different situations but there is no similarity in mean cell volume because they have different hematocrit or by increasing the number of red blood cells from the hematocrit value becomes less than the mean cell volume decreased too. Average mean cell volume in cubic microns, 317 microns minimum of 3 and a maximum of 358 microns per cubic treated in the control group. The amount of hemoglobin in Sturgeon, like all other beings is directly related to the number of red blood cells so that the increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin rises and vice versa. Muscle and gill tissue samples in each treatment, Bowen solution stabilized and sections 7 microns thick sections and tissue samples using H & E stained and studied by light microscope. Histopathological effects of diazinon on muscle tissue degeneration, edema, vacuolization, necrosis, and atrophy of muscle fibers in treatments. Also congestion, stick blade gill, necrotic cells and Shuffle chloride blade gill structure of the most significant changes were observed in fish by diazinon. The histopathological changes were significantly increased with increasing concentrations of the toxin and mortality increased with increasing concentrations of the toxin.