Journal of Health System Research
Year:2022 | Volume: | Issue: |Papers Count:10

Background: The process of cancer and its treatment has effects on patients, so that the physical and mental function of the patient is reduced. In this regard, the use of therapeutic approaches to improve mental health problems caused by the disease has been identified and presented. Considering the repetition of other therapeutic strategies and the variety of psychological problems of patients with cancer, lack of use of two strategies of integrated transdiagnostic treatment and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the group of patients with cancer, and the impact of a person's cognitive skill on maintaining mental health, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of integrated transdiagnostic treatment and DBT in psychological well-being and pain perception of patients with cancer Methods: The design of this quasi-experimental study was pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with cancer in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. The study sample consisted of 63 patients with cancer who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. Research data were collected using McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software. Findings: Integrated transdiagnostic and DBT education was effective in improving pain perception and psychological well-being of patients with cancer in the experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two educational strategies (integrated transdiagnostic and DBT) in the post-test for variable of pain perception (P = 0. 58 and P = 0. 42, respectively) and for the psychological well-being variable (0. 27 and 0. 17, respectively). In the follow-up phase, it was obtained as 0. 58 and 0. 43 for the pain perception variable and 0. 30 and 0. 17 for the psychological well-being variable (P < 0. 01). Integrated transdiagnostic treatment has been more effective in the psychological well-being and pain perception of patients with cancer. Conclusion: Integrated transdiagnostic treatment and DBT lead to increased psychological well-being and improved pain perception in patients, and health professionals can use this treatment method to improve the psychological performance of patients.

Background: Given the pandemic status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which affects almost all important economic, political, and social aspects, it is important to discuss the psychological effects of this disease on the mental health of individuals at different levels of society. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological stubbornness and exercise tendency in predicting health anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: The present correlational analytical-cross-sectional study was performed on all citizens of Khorramabad, Iran, in 2020. 352 people were selected through available sampling. The instruments used included Kiamarsi et al. ’, s Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), Zarandieh Tendency to Exercise Questionnaire, and Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) of Salkovskis et al. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis via SPSS software. Findings: There was a significant negative correlation between mental stubbornness (r =-0. 574) and tendency to exercise (r =-0. 407) with health anxiety (P < 0. 010). Findings of stepwise multiple regression analysis also showed that the variables of mental stubbornness (β,= 0. 318, P < 0. 010) and tendency to exercise (β, = 0. 460, P < 0. 001) were significant predictors of health anxiety. Conclusion: Given the importance of the role of mental stubbornness and tendency to exercise in predicting health anxiety, it is possible to take an effective step in reducing health anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic by strengthening mental stubbornness as well as filling leisure time with various sports activities.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common diseases in societies and are associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural pattern of psychological capital on self-care with the mediating role of self-compassion in patients with heart diseases. Methods: The research method was a descriptive kind of structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consisted of patients with heart diseases [ischemic heart disease (IHD) and congestive heart failure (CHF)] aged 25-70 years who referred to the educational-medical centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. From among them, 400 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Research instruments included Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Neff Self-Compassion Scale, and Jarasma et al. Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire for Heart Failure Patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software through Pearson correlation and simultaneous hierarchical regression. Findings: According to the direct impact coefficient of β,= 0. 509, indirect impact coefficient of β,= 0. 046, direct critical value of t = 5. 857, and indirect critical value of 0. 051, the variable of self-compassion can explain the role of the mediating variable between the predictive variable of psychological capital and the criterion variable of self-care. Conclusion: Self-compassion as a mediator in the relationship between psychological capital and self-care has an important role in improving the mental health of patients with heart diseases.

Background: The potato plant tuber is typically used at a rate of half million tons per year. However, its significant biomass in the form of leaf and stem of the plant is mainly unused. Different components of potato plant contain relatively high amount of toxic glycoalkaloids which limit the use of this biomass for various usages such as animal feed. These lignocellulosic wastes, 1 to 4 times the edible glands of the plant, can be utilized for production of biological butanol as an advanced biofuel, along with acetone and ethanol. Methods: In this study, extraction of acetone, ethanol, and methanol was used for reduction of glycoalkaloid content of biomass. The grinded leaves and stems were subjected to extraction of glycoalkaloids by solvent using Soxhlet, and then, before and after extraction of glycoalkaloids, were subjected to fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum. In addition, prior to fermentation, two stages of inhibitor removal and dilute acid pretreatment (1 wt%) at 180º,C were performed for 1 hour to improve the yield of biological acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) production. Findings: Leave and stem biomass of potato plant contained 74 and 48 mg/g glycoalkaloids, respectively. Butanol production was completely stopped in presence of higher than 0. 07 mg/l glycoalkaloid in the fermentation media. After removing the inhibitors by solvents, fermentation led to the production of 3. 2 and 3. 8 g/l biological ABE from leaves and stems of potato plant, respectively. The amount of ABE production from leaves and stems after inhibitor removal increased by a factor of 4. 7 and 2. 4, respectively. Use of two consecutive stages of inhibitor removal and dilute acid pretreatment led to 14-and 4. 7-fold higher ABE production from leaves and stems, respectively. Conclusion: Low glycoalkaloid content as a toxic substance can lead to complete disruption of the fermentation process. In addition, this substance can be removed using solvents and this renewable source can be used as one of the highly-produced wastes in the agricultural sector and as an important and inexpensive raw material for biofuel production.

Background: Reduction and source separation of waste are two ultimate goals in waste management that achieving it requires a comprehensive and long-term educational model. The aim of this study was to design and validate a model for teaching minimization and segregation of waste from the source in 2020 and 2021 among secondary school students. Methods: The present research was applied-developmental in terms of the purpose and data collection tool was questionnaire. The statistical population included managers in the field of waste management and students. Sampling of managers was done by purposeful method and sampling of students was done by random method. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method and MicMac software were used to design the pattern and partial least squares (PLS) method and SmartPLS software were used to validate the pattern. Findings: The variables of “, educational environment and teacher role, educational-behavioral goals, and educational needs assessment”,were included in the independent area, variables of “, respect and responsibility for the environment, analysis and determination of evaluation system, and principles of curriculum education”,in the dependent area, and variables of “, teaching-learning approaches and principles of selecting teaching-learning methods, principles of organizing educational content, and principles of selecting educational content”,were included in the link area. Conclusion: Based on the research results, educational needs assessment and educational-behavioral goals are at the first level of the model. These factors are in dynamic interaction with the principles of organizing educational content and the principles of selecting educational content. These components also affect the principles of selection of teaching-learning methods and teaching-learning approaches and lead to the creation of curriculum teaching principles. Ultimately, the analysis and determination of the evaluation system will lead to respect and responsibility towards the environment.

Background: Today, due to the expansion of agricultural activities and the occurrence of successive droughts, the utilization of urban effluents for agricultural purposes is a suitable and economical way. However, the safe and responsible use of these resources is essential. Given that the municipal wastewater treatment effluent of Borujen City, Iran, is used to irrigate potato, alfalfa, and wheat products in the form of flood irrigation, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of reusing the effluent of this wastewater treatment plant for agricultural irrigation. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the effluent of Borujen municipal wastewater treatment plant were measured according to the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, for 6 months and then were compared with the standard of Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Findings: The mean concentrations of five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) parameters in the effluent were 10. 00 ±,1. 17, 39. 19 ±,4. 10, and 513. 17 ±,8. 70 mg/l, respectively. The average of chemical parameters including Cl-, SO4 2-, PO4 3-, NO3-, NO2-, Na, Mg, Ca, HCO3-, CO3 2-, alkalinity, and the average concentration of heavy metals and effluent alkalinity were within the standard range of Industrial Research of Iran and FAO. The average turbidity in the effluent was 54. 27 ±,16. 47 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). This effluent, in terms of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), was in excellent water group and in terms of electrical conductivity (EC) was in the acceptable water group. The average concentration of heavy metals was less than the permissible level for these metals. The mean concentrations of total coliform and fecal coliform were higher than the standard set for these parameters. Moreover, no parasite eggs were detected in the effluent. Conclusion: The average chemical parameters of effluent of Borujen wastewater treatment plant were within the standards of effluent use in agriculture. However, the concentration of biological parameters of the effluent was higher than the standard level,and in case of more microbiological purification, it can be used for irrigation of edible agricultural products.

Background: Intellectual capital in organizations is most often generated through knowledge sharing at work, so the most significant feature of knowledge management is to prevent knowledge hiding, since it damages organizations, particularly those involved in health care services. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on the statistical population of employees working at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, in autumn and winter 2020. For this purpose, a total number of 291 individuals were selected via the Krejcie and Morgan’, s Table as the statistical sample using the simple random sampling technique. The analytical data were subsequently collected through the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS), the Propensity to Morally Disengage Scale (PMDS), and the Knowledge Hiding Scale (KHS), and then analyzed by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) using the SPSS software and the SmartPLS software. Findings: The correlation between negative affectivity and knowledge hiding (r =-0. 132, t = 0. 928) as well as the moderating role of ethical leadership in the correlation between negative affectivity and knowledge hiding (r = 0. 352, t = 1. 856) and that between negative affectivity and moral disengagement (r = 0. 030, t = 0. 210) were not confirmed. On the other hand, the correlation between negative affectivity and moral disengagement (r = 0. 434, t = 3. 794) and that of moral disengagement and knowledge hiding (r = 0. 506, t = 4. 013) as well as the mediating role of moral disengagement in the correlation between negative affectivity and knowledge hiding [variance accounted for (VAF) = 0. 623, Z-value = 2. 706] were established. Conclusion: Employees with negative affectivity activate moral disengagement as a secondary cognitive process and obscure their personal ethical principles in so far as possible, which makes them hide the knowledge demanded by other members.