JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:10

The concept of life is one of the main concepts of many ancient civilizations arts, especially in Persian art and civilization. In the present article an attempt has been made to study "the concepts of symbolic and pictorial scenes of pouring win on the ground, presenting gulp and flowers in ancient Persian art, and its continuation in the paintings of Islamic period. The aim of this study is a consideration the content and the origins of one of the most popular scenes in the Islamic arts. The scenes that presented a gift such as flowers or wine to make a beautiful picture. At first glance these motifs can be thought of normal everyday life scenes. But with reviews of its Visual and mythic-religious concept changes in ancient Persian art and culture, can be provide the continuation of a symbolic and Visual archetype on the ancient and Islamic art of Persia. In the present article an attempt has been made to study with an emphasis the mythical and cultural information, Explain the concepts of pouring win on the ground, presenting gulp and flowers in ancient Persian art, Show related images, then analysis them on Islamic art, On the basis of the transmission of symbols and archetype of a culture. Based on comparative mythology, this theory can be said that pouring win on the ground, presenting gulp and flowers are common ritual archetype among the Hindu European groups. This is an issue many of the Scientists have confirmed but the interesting thing that is the key result of this article, is the continuity of meaning and symbolic picture of this pattern in the Islamic art and culture.

This study examines One of the socio-cultural categories of contemporary Iranian history, The rate of early marriage for girls in in Tehran city During the last two decades of the Pahlavi regime. This article, In other words, With emphasis on the project of modernization of the second Pahlavi regime during the two decades of the forty-fifty, examines The effects of this modernization project on the Tehran city Focusing on the three indicators of urbanization, the social status of women, and the level of education and literacy in society, And then in the framework of the theory of modernization Analyzes the relationship between these components of the macro-scale transformation at the community level with one of the social phenomena, namely, the rate of early marriage among girls During the same period of time. The research method in this paper is a secondary analysis based on quantitative and qualitative data, in addition, Methods and Tools for the Data collection was the Library and Documentary study that was conducted by taking notes and Calculation of the Statistics and raw data. The findings imply as the second Pahlavi regime's efforts to modernize and develop in the Iranian society increased and as a result, urbanization, the social status of women, and the level of literacy in the urban community of Iran followed a rising trend, On the other hand, Reduced the Early marriage rates for girls.

Social institutions in the Islamic society of the Prophet era were formed while observing the position of women and their presence in various fields. Granting human values to women and enhancing their social standing in Islamic society, has led to the emergence of Islamic norms in line with Qoranic values, based on divine teachings concerning the promotion of women's status in society. Removing barriers to women's social presence and removing social prohibitions and correcting ignorant assumptions about women have opened up new social arenas for women's active participation and the humiliation of the ignorant age has given way to human values and cultural encouragement, which has led to empathetic and active women in various social aspects such as scientific, cultural, governmental, political, and economic spheres. Accordingly, this thesis attempts to study the role of women in the history of the Prophet's era, based on Qoranic and prophetic roles, and to identify their presence in the development of Medina's social institutions and factors affecting them and describe the growth of women's cultural and social struggles in this field through a descriptive-analytical approach and answer the questions.

Researching occult sciences has been ignored among historians. The present article has been specifically devoted to the second science of this complex, meaning “ Limiya” or the science of talismans, and has tried to identify and introduce various types of talismans and the scope of Iranian’ s belief in them during the Qajar era through a descriptive-analytical method and while introducing the activists of this field, this research has tried to find out why people resort to talismans. The results of the present research indicate that talismans had political, medical, and social applications in different fields in this era and nobles and common people were no different when it came to believing in talismans and being attracted by them. Gypsies, the Sufi community, and the Jewish people were the most important activists of this field during the Qajar era and they helped poor and desperate people face their problems.

In the Archaeological excavations have recovered dates a fully conscious with classified data was used specially aims deformation one of these cases are symbolic statues. Statues, the great cultural leap that occurred in New Paleolithic represents a complex process of social The victim as well as the data symbol or a legend or goddess of fertility goddesses and religious icons and some have called almost every toy figurines and decorative Statue of nudity are common Female And a big emphasis on the chest and abdomen, and above all, an emphasis on pregnancy and childbirth are usually chopped sage statue are discarded and a handful of mud either stone Female Statues and tails that are not broken This research will try using archaeological and anthropological evidence, to explain the use of these statuettes and we believe that these statuettes around the world with different cultures should be treated the meaning and application of the text and archeology and mythology, and anthropology to study the origin without doubt a very important role in the regulation of these statuettes were played that day and different interpretations of the statuettes, perhaps because the using has not found These data identify the problem in a fundamental lack of understanding of all the cognitive issues remains of material culture items that have not shown as well as all data should not be interpreted as a generalized form, because using have different ideas Finally, along with examples Ethno-Archaeology sample of the prehistoric to present day can be seen.

The aim of this study is to analyze the social status of Iranian political elites of the seventh to the tenth cabinets. The theoretical apparatus stands on Marx's theory and Weber's approach of social status. The research method is the comparative-descriptive analysis, using archival data. The unites of analysis are the members of the seventh to the tenth cabinets. Based on the empirical findings, 95. 8% of the cabinet members were male, with a mean age of 48 years. Furthermore, 86. 2% of the members were city-dwellers. So far as the provincial distribution is concerned, the members were mostly from Tehran (20. 2%), Isfahan (13. 1%), and Yazd (11%). Concerning their acquired social status, 49. 7% of the cabinet members had Ph. D. degrees, and 29. 9% held master degrees. Moreover, the findings show that the members had high managerial positions of the country in their resume. Finally, the data indicates that the cabinet members were 29. 8% from the university affiliated members, 25% from the military staff, and 18. 5% from the clergymen.

Tabriz at the time of Nasir al-Din Qajar king (1313-1265. AH) was particular morphology. In addition to the city landscape shape factors that climate, economy and policy, the cultural elements can know affected. Architectures and Construction Tabriz is influenced by the culture and cultural components the time. These appearance impressions and the effect in the course draws up city of Tabriz. Engineering and architectural methods getting Europeans and contact with Europeans in this process was a very limited. In addition to factors such as "concealment" of the many insecurities and numerous religious culture, popular practice, a significant role in the construction of homes and neighborhoods has Tabriz. These elements had a significant impact in shaping the city. Now research the appearance of these components and their role in shaping the city of Tabriz in time.

The fiscal system in Iran was supposed to use a solar calendar in order to control set up its functions. This calendar, known in Islamic era as “ Sā l i Kharā ji” or tax calendar, was used alongside with official lunar calendar and nonofficial solar calendars. The outset of this fiscal year is known as Norouz, but it seems that in spite of similarity, fiscal Norouz has been different from the Norouz of the common solar calendar in medieval Iran. This research is about to recognize Norouz as the outset of the fiscal year. Study of calendar facts and historical texts show that “ Tax Norouz” must have been at the summer solstice in 1-4 centuries A. H., thus has been suitable for production and earn procedures and there have been efforts to consolidate it at the date. Also, climate diversity in Iran caused local Norouzes to appear in provinces.

The conquest of Egypt by Cambyses and his good performances and his successors in Egypt, according to new findings, did not cause the Egyptians not to be influenced by the messy conditions of the kingdom and not rebel. Using original data and archaeological discoveries, this research explains the frequent Egyptian uprisings in the first era of the rule of the Achaemenid rulers in Egypt, and the failure to achieve the goals, discrimination and the humiliation of Egyptian society, the main assumption of the rebellion in Takes the view. Therefore, the present paper addresses the question of how the relationship between the Achaemenid kingdoms and Egypt and the Egyptian uprising in Egypt are dealt with in a descriptive and analytical way. The study, considering the historical and cultural background of Egypt, after examining and explaining the historical and archaeological statements related to this issue, has revealed the nature of the repeated insurrection of the Egyptian people in Egypt in direct connection with their dissatisfaction with the domination of Iran over Egypt and the feeling of humiliation Because of the non-Egyptian origin of the Achaemenid king, Egyptians appreciate, despite all their great efforts in Egypt.

Iron Age is one of the key and important periods of the humankind evolutionary process in the world. This period is representative of crucial changes of human life. New citied were erected and urbanization took on a new dimension by large numbers of urban dwellings. Social hierarchies were stabilized and new cultural traditions in human societies emerged by technological, industrial, literature and ideology. But the case in Iranian Plateau is not the same. No region in the Iranian Plateau had experienced an integrated power and literature except the Elamites, unlike neighboring regions such as Mesopotamia and Anatoly. While despite all these lacking and differences the region can’ t be disregarded in figuring out the general overview of the Middle Eastern Iron Age puzzle. As the region’ s specific geographical characteristics as well as its strategic position made it share an important part in the formation and replacement of the Iron Age cultures in the Middle East. In this regard studying the Iron Ages in Iran and their formation both from geographical and theoretical would be of great importance in knowing this period changes. However, because of geographical complexity of the western Iran knowing the Iron Age cultures, their emergence and develop is not complete and there are many theories on the issue. In order to explain the evolutionary process of the Iron Age societies in the region, this article aims to review and reevaluate the various theories on Iron Age emergence and development through western Iran and