JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:18 |Papers Count:8

Increasing the share of R& D in the production of goods and services, the process of competition in different areas, which require increased competitiveness appetite, supporting knowledge and innovation resulting from research and development, in commodities and various service, and it has become an undeniable necessity. This requires identify factors influencing innovation. One of the most innovative ways to support innovation at national and international level is supporting of intellectual property rights. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between innovation and intellectual property rights and other factors affecting innovation in selected developed and developing countries. In this study with uses of panel data the impact of intellectual property rights, changes in GDP per capita, saving, human capital and interested rate on the innovations has been studied. The results show that intellectual property rights and demand force and saving has a direct relationship with innovation and real interest rate has an inverse relationship to innovation in both the sample countries. However, the human capital has different effects both in the country.

Due to interdependence between agriculture and industry growth understanding the relationship between economic sectors of the country is very necessary for evaluating past economic policies and provision future strategies. Without information about the interaction between economic sectors, understanding appropriate policies to achieve economic growth and sustainable development is impossible. This issue is important enough that in the sixth development plane has been proposed as one of the policies to achieve sustainable and employment economic growth. Therefore, main approach in this study was based on interaction process between agricultural and industry sectors as two key sectors in the Iranian economy which is studied over the period 2005-2014 for the 30 provinces of the country and by using GMM method. At first by using the Granger causality test a one-way relationship from agriculture to industry was determined, so that the objective was to investigate the impact of agricultural growth on the industry. The results of the estimation model show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the agriculture and industry value added also there is a positive relationship between the share of labor and investment with industry value-added as well. The study finds that by using fully generalized least squares method (FMOLS) there is a significant and positive relationship between the agriculture and industry value added in the long run is confirmed. The results identify the relationship of the transport value added as an intermediate element in the economic sectors with industry value-added is negative and significant. Of course this relationship in the long term due to investment and access to advanced transportation system should increase the value-added of industry.

Identifying parameters that deliver countries to sustainable economic growth is considered as one of the main concerns for researchers; and achieving economic growth basically depends on right recognition of potential pathways and the factors influencing it. In this regard, one of the channels of achieving sustainable economic growth is health and wellness of workforce promotion and health has significant effects on economic growth by increasing ability of human resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of health and treatment expenditures on economic growth in a static panel data framework for 29 provinces in Iran during 2005-2015 periods. The result shows a positive and significant relationship between health expenditures, labor and physical capital and economic growth; and the relationship between private health expenditure and economic growth is positive but not significant.

The growth of information and its influence on trade has changed banking procedures. With the development of e-commerce transactions through the electronic banking we need to transfer funds and resources more than before and implementation of e-commerce would be impossible without electronic banking. In these conditions, the banks can more quickly adapt to their internal structures, to gain the full benefit, Otherwise, they will lossed. The importance of banking is so high that in all development programs has been paid. Considering the importance and impact of electronic banking in the development of banking system, this article surveys the impact of electronic banking on bank profitability indicators. Therefore annual statistics relating to the banking system for the period 2005-2015 and 30 cases of Iranian banks will be used. The method used to estimate is panel data. The results indicate that Indicators that are used to evaluate electronic banking, there are A positive relationship with profitability indicators ROA and ROE.

In this paper, for ranking Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration factor in Iran’s industries is used first, second, and third stochastic dominance approach. Features of this approach in industry-exclusive ranking is that can be use from features of probability functions and indicators inferred in order to the market structure analysis. Stochastic dominance known as a form of random ranking which in that is used from the probability density functions and probability distribution functions to comprehensive evaluation of the characteristics of a variable. This approach, widely used in decision theory and analysis to decision-making. This approach, widely used in decision theory and analysis to decision-making. All comparisons between industries based on stochastic dominance approach in this study is 8515. According to research findings for the production of tobacco industry in terms of market concentration based on first-order stochastic dominance is the dominant on 127 industries and based on second-order stochastic dominance is dominant on 1 industry and overall is dominant on 128 industries of 130 industries studied and not dominated by any industries. As a result, manufacturing industries of tobacco products on the market has the highest concentration and is the most exclusive of Iran’s industry. After that Malta and alcohol free beer industries in terms of concentrating based on first-order stochastic dominance is the dominant on 123 industries and no industry in terms of concentration on the market is not dominated and in terms of concentration and market power is in second place. On the other hand, not only brick manufacturing industries aren’t' t dominant on any industrial but the concentration in the market on the basis of first-order stochastic dominance is dominated by the 128 industries and totally is dominated by 129 industries and it can be stated that there is effective competition in this industry.

Because of emphasis of exchange rate in macro variable of agriculture sector, exchange rate overshooting has Survey on the employment in the agriculture section. The time series data used of 1978- 2011 in this study. So, Mundell-Fleming and Dornbush Model used for analysis of exchange rate. After survey the exchange rate, estimated Real exchange rate by Vector Auto Regression model (VAR). Then exchange rate overshooting calculated with difference of real exchange rate and residual. In the second step, exchange rate overshooting analyzed on the employment of agriculture section by Auto Regressive Distributed lag model (ARDL). The result show, exchange rate overshooting has important and negative efficacy on the employment of agriculture, capital has positive effect on depend variable. Those shows are natural and expected in the in the economy of Iran. Also Error Correction Model show 29 percent adjustment in each term and will going to near the long-run.

Investigating of the effects of economic policies on income distribution is very important in different countries from the viewpoint of social justice. The effects of macroeconomic factors on income distribution are of major concern to economists and have critical policy implications. One of the most important goals of the Sixth Development Plan is achieving to Gini coefficient of 0.34. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables including inflation rate, government expenditures, oil and tax revenues and also targeted subsidies dummy variable on income distribution during 1986 to 2015 via a logarithmic model, using Eviews software and OLS method. The findings show that all independent and dummy variables in this study have statistically significant impact on Gini coefficient. The variables of inflation rate and government expenditures have significant and positive impact while the oil and tax revenues and targeted subsidies variables show a significant and negative impact on Gini coefficient.

This article aims to analyze the importance of policy making as a deciding factor in regulating the activities of States in exploration and use of outer space, determining and prioritizing budget allocation in space matters, maximizing the national potential and creating prestige in the international arena. Moreover, this paper takes under consideration the interaction between law and policy with regards to the final frontier. This task is mainly achieved through a review of some of the leading space-faring nations’ space policies and strategies. Moreover, the issue of space policy making in Iran is also analyzed by a look through the pertinent upstream documents prepared by various legislative and policy-making bodies of the country. It is proposed that the Iranian decision-makers should take the final leap from policy making to legislation in order to reap the financial and technological benefits of the outer space and provide security and assurance in furtherance of international cooperation.