JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:22 |Papers Count:8

The present study aims to evaluate the components influencing the legal dimension of Iran Administrative system. In this line, the legal dimension of Iran Administrative system has been measured through five components including: administrative procedure, the ruling of law, observing the staff political rights, following the legal requirements governing the occupational and general behaviors of the staff and protecting the rights of people. This paper is an applied research, a survey in terms of strategy and descriptive in terms of goal. The statistical community of this research includes the managers of the ministries in Iran, here cluster sampling method has been used for sampling. In this research, fuzzy approach has been applied to analyze the data and this way, the required data have been collected and analyzed in the form of the natural language of the experts (managers).The results indicate that all five components of Iran Administrative System legal dimension are in appropriate condition and no meaningful difference has been found between the current status and the optimal status of Iran Administrative System legal dimension.

Always pay attention to the development of communities has been highlighted as a continuing challenge. This coincides with the development of societies, researchers and policy-makers more attention to creativity and innovation as the new solution was to develop. So terms like "knowledge-based economy and innovative economy" were the center of attention. In this way many researchers, innovation, including the main factors that led to the country's development of various indicators measuring innovation at national level. Due to this, the present study examines the impact of human capital on innovation in developing countries and developed well. Using data from the World Bank and the Global Innovation Index, 113 countries into four income classes (low, low medium, high, medium and high) were analyzed. It was developed. Results showed that in the course of development of each class of income need to pay attention to the skills and training of human resources appropriate to the situation in the country.

This study is a descriptive study that was conducted by the explicit and implicit content analysis. This study seeks to answer this question: to what extent have been integrated concepts of entrepreneurship development in the national policies and programs. Analyzed documents include Iran outlook 1404, comprehensive scientific map, overall policies of resistive economy, overall science and technology policies, overall policies of sixth development program, overall policies to encourage investment, 10 strategies for action in resistive economy, and headlines of the national programs announced by Secretariat of the Steering Committee and Resistive Economy. To analyze the documents regarding the concepts of entrepreneurship development, 13 categories and 34 subcategories were considered. The results showed that most integration of the entrepreneurship concepts in the analysed documents are related to the documents of resistive economy. Also, based on the findings, the entrepreneurship in these documents is emerging with a value approach, while the national documents need to more attention about entrepreneurship culture.

Financialization phenomenon refers to the increasing role of financial motives, financial actors and financial institutions in the economy of a country that are determined by inverse relation between capital market development and economic growth. financialization phenomenon leads to a reduction in real investment and thus economic slowdown or even recession and increasing inequality of income and wealth. This study investigates the occurrence of the phenomena of financialization in Iran’s economy during the 1380-1393 by using Toda and Yamamoto causality test and correlation coefficients. The results show that the growth of capital markets has a significant effect on economic growth, in the long term growth of capital market have a direct effect on economic growth, but its effect is reversed at the beginning of the year 1392, in other words, Iran's economy is faced with a financialization phenomenon in 1392. Although a financialization phenomenon the threat to the economy but can be a threat into an opportunity for finance companies and development of the country.

Macroeconomic instability can reduce the accumulation of physical capital and the efficiency of investment utility in economy. In this study, using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) model, we've evaluated the effects of instability in indicators of macroeconomic on private investment in Iran since 1981 to 2016. Variables used for this purpose are; inflation, government deficit ratio to GDP, balance of payments deficit ratio to GDP and real exchange rate. Here "instability" is the modular of each variables stable trend using the moving average method during four years. The Results indicate the positive impact of instability in government deficit ratio to GDP and the negative impacts of instability in inflation and in real exchange rate on private investment.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality of digital divide and income gap between Iranian provinces, in other words, whether the digital divide (inequality in the access and use of ICT) causes an income gap (an increase in income inequality), or, in contrast, the income gap causes Digital divide Or that there is an answer between them. For this purpose, Gini coefficient index is used as the income gap and the indicator of ICT for the digital divide. The Granger causality test for panel data examines the long-run and short-run relationship between digital divide and income gap in different provinces of the country during the 2010-2015 period. Estimation of long-run coefficients using have done by using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) method and estimation of short-run coefficients and causality relationships using Generalized method of moment (GMM). The results of this study show, firstly, that there is a bilateral causality between the digital divide and the income gap in the short and long term in the entire Iranian provinces. Secondly, the advancement of ICT (reducing digital divide) has reduced inequality of income (reducing the income gap) Becomes Increasing the income gap also hinders the advancement of information and communication technology (increasing the digital divide).

One of the main objectives of subsidy reform, was increase welfare and reduce inequality in society. this study by utilizing the data of micro-level Households’ Income and expenditure survey over 2008-2014, investigate the effect of subsidy reform on combination of agricultural goods in households’ basket as a qualitative scale to measure the welfare and livelihood of households using seemingly unrelated regression technique throught FGLS. The result of study show that after subsidy reform the share of Grain of total available agricultural goods in households’ basket increased more than other items and share of dairy had the lowest increase. The results of estimation show that increasing in real household incomes and employment status of head of household greatest effect in increasing the proportion of meat of agricultural goods from households’ basket, According Engel theory can be said, contrary to the purpose of targeting subsidies policy, is not conducive to improving living conditions for households.

The perception of the relationship between revenues (taxes incomes) and government expenditures is an important issue in the implementation of government programs and the effectiveness of the government stabilization, distribution, and allocation policies. Therefore, establishing a balance between government revenues and expenditures is important for most countries. In this paper, the relationship between revenues and government expenditures in the framework of hypotheses revenue-expenditure, expenditure-revenue and synchronization for MENA selected countries including Iran have been studied. The results from the estimation of panel data models show that at first; taxes influence government expendituers in under review countries including Iran directly. That confirms the role of taxes in financing government expenditures. At second; government expenditures is an expalanatiry variable of taxes. In this regard, as taxes form part sector of firm’s production costs; increasing taxes following raising expenditures, affect economic growth and business negatively which clearly is not in line with the sixth development plan. Also, the results show that there is a unidirectional causality between gross domestic products and the government expenditure that confirms Wagner's law in MENA countries.