IRANIAN ENERGY ECONOMICS
Year:2013 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:8

During the last decades, global warming and climate change has created much concern across the world. These concerns coincided with the aim of achieving higher economic growth, has become Environmental risks arising from economic activity to a controversial issue. The main objective of this study is to investigate the long run effects of economic and financial developments on environmental pollution in selected Opec countries over the period 1973-2007. The results show that financial development indicators have significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions. Also, the results show that the relationship between economic development and CO2 emissions follow a N shaped relationship. Hence, the recommended policy is more financial development in order to improve the quality of the environment.

Today, environmental issues, especially water and air pollution problems have become a major global concern. Air pollution, affects the health of living organisms and natural ecosystems. According to various studies, financial development in a country may attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and higher degrees of research and development (R & D). This, in turn can, increase the environmental performance and thereby reduce environmental pollution. This investigation aims to examine the role of financial development and energy consumption in Iran during 1971-2007, in the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve, using ARDL approach. According to results further financial development in Iran lead to decrease of CO2 emissions. In addition, an increase in energy consumption in Iran is likely to increase CO2 emissions. Also, the results reject the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Iran in the long-term.

Increasing demand for oil products in different parts, needs an increased storage capacity in the country. This requires substantial financial resources for investment. Currently almost all these funds and investments are provided through public sources. Many oil-rich countries, various methods are used to finance large oil projects; especially in the upstream sectors. Most of these contracts are known as traditional oil contracts. In addition to these methods, in recent years, other specific methods are used for financing oil projects, especially in the downstream sector, that mostly emphasize the capabilities of the private sector. These methods are called the PPP methods. By describing various methods of financing for construction of Tehran Strategic Oil Storage, this article is investigating the economic and financial aspects of these methods and models. To do so, the Comfar3 software is applied to analyse the feasibility Model, proposed by United Nations Industrial Development Organization and some important indicators of engineering economy for the decision making of the projects.

In this Study, We applied Translog cost function with four Input (Labor, Capital, Energy and Material) and ISUR method for analysis of the cost structure of 11 most Energy intensive sub sector industries (With 4 Digit ISIC code) of Manufacture of other Non-Metallic Mineral Products (Code 26) and Manufacture of Basic Metals (Code 27) during the period 1375-87. Input Share, Economies of Scale, Minimum Efficient Scale, Own-cross price elasticity and Morishima elasticity of substitution were calculated. The important results of this study is the detection of Scale effects, which reveals possibilities for increasing Scales (products) and reducing costs. The result of Cross-price and Morishima Elasticity of substitution shows that all Input substitution elasticities are Elastic. This case indicates that the Firm's Manager of Energy intensive industries have a lot of options to substitute one input for the other inputs.

This paper intends to estimate the energy demand function in industry section based on the two-stage optimization approach. Consequently, it defines the substitution elasticity between inputs. Energy demand estimation in various sections makes it feasible to define energy policies. At the first phase the key influential factors on the energy demand function estimation in industry section which is one of high consumption section, were defined and at the next phase the elements of energy demand were determined through logit function and seemingly unrelated regression estimation and price and substitution elasticity were calculated.

In this paper we survey the main determinants of CO2 emission in the Iranian provinces. For this purpose first we provide per capita Co2 emission as a criterion of Environmental pollution and energy intensity in 28 provinces of Iran within 2003-2007, then the impact of population, urbanization, energy intensity and per capita income on the environmental degradation are investigated by panel data model.The results revealed that population; urbanization, energy intensity, and per capita income have positive and significant effect on co2 emission in the Iranian provinces.

The study has calculated the price path, extraction path and discounted profit for GECF and fringe group with use of genetic algorithm on the basis of Price leadership and collusion models. In this regard, members of "Gas Exporting Countries Forum" have been considered as a pricing cartel and other producers as the fringe group. For this purpose, annual data (1980-2010) is used for forecasting of studied trends up to year 2070. the result from price leadership model show that world gas demand Increases linearly over the time and it Increases exponentially. On this basis the supply of fringe group also grows increasingly, and the cartels supply (that is the margin between world demand and fringe supply) grows decreasingly. The results from collusion solution indicates that extraction trend is slower in compared with the price leadership solution and the price and profit in collusion solution is more than price leadership solution.

Trade openness, economic growth and environment are known as the major issues in recent decads. We considered the effect of expanding trade and economic growth on environmental quality for 11 country in the Middle East during the period of 1980 to 2010. Panel data econometric method and STATA software were used. Econometric tests confirmed fixed effects model among the pooled, fixed and random effects models. Each Arellano-Bond GMM regression model and Newey-West with 5 lags allowed were estimated beacuase of dynamic panel data and their results were compared with the results of fixed effects model and then were evaluated. We found per capita income has a significant positive impact on environmental pollution but further rise in income will reduce environmental pollution. Trade openness has negative effect and there is a non-significant effect on environmental pollution.