Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Year:2022 | Volume:5 | Issue:2|Papers Count:15

Alginate is an impression material currently used in dentistry because it has numerous advantages. However, alginate will come into direct contact with blood, saliva, and plaque in its use. Hence, it has the potential to contain pathogenic micro-organisms. One of the micro-organisms that can be pathogenic is Candida Albicans. It can infect the oral cavity and cause candidiasis. Therefore, it is necessary to inhibit Candida Albicans’ growth in the form of a natural ingredient from garlic (Allium sativum L.). Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has benefits as an antifungal since it has an active ingredient, namely allicin. The objective is examining the effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) ethanol extract as a solvent in alginate impression materials on the growth inhibition of Candida Albicans. The research method was disc diffusion with alginate manipulation using a solvent in distilled water and with ethanol extract of garlic concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%. After that, the clear zone around the disc was measured with a caliper. One-way ANOVA test results indicated that the value was p=0.000 (p<0.05). It means that there were significant differences in the entire treatment group. The results of the Post Hoc LSD test showed that there were significant differences among the sample groups. Therefore, the ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a solvent in the alginate impression material has an effect on the growth inhibition of Candida Albicans (in vitro).

Tooth structure damage is usually caused by tooth decay or external damage. Dental fillings are one of the restorative dental treatments used to repair tooth fractures, tooth decay, or damage to tooth surfaces. Dental fillings include composite, porcelain, and silver amalgam, which are used on the tooth surface for better biting and chewing. The aim of this literature review is to assess the merit of stainless-steel crown, the shortcoming of stainless-steel crown, and the hypersensitivity reaction and dental management against hypersensitivity reaction of stainless-steel crown. The method used in this study was by reviewing international journals related to hypersensitivity reaction against stainless-steel crown. The results of this literature review showed that stainless-steel crown had advantages such as good physical properties, less sensitivity to moisture, and less prone to fracture; nevertheless, it had disadvantages such as unstable in acid pH and drastic change of temperature, which led to the release of a metal ion such as nickel into the oral cavity and the emergence of hypersensitivity reaction. The treatment that can be done for hypersensitivity reaction was by doing a patch-skin test before treatment and restoration replacement with non-toxic material. This review can be applied as a consideration on determining restorative treatment, especially in pedodontics restorative treatment.

Tele-nursing is an evolving subject and with the advent of new technologies, the scope of nurses' practice is expanding. As a systmetic review, in this study after reading the summary and full text of the articles related to the research topic, we extracted the required data, including author name, year, place, type of study, sampling method, data collection instruments and results. Finally, the data obtained from the articles was categorized and finally reported in the full text of a review article. The steps performed were designing the research question, searching and extracting research-related studies, selecting related studies, tabulating and summarizing the data, and reporting the results. The tele-nursing is a medical method to provide high quality nursing care in the field of COVID-19. Distance education by nurses is essential to promote the mental health of families and children in the field of Covid 19. Tele-nursing is a solution to meet the challenges of efficient and quality health services.

An unintended pregnancy is an indicator of a woman's reproductive health status. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and related factors among pregnant women in Erbil Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan. This cross-sectional study was carried out between 1/2/2020 and 31/1/2021. It was conducted with 500 pregnant women who attended an antenatal care hospital in downtown Erbil, as well as two health centers in the region. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze data using the SPSS system. The results showed that of the total pregnant women participating, 179 (39.4%) were exposed to an unintended pregnancy, the proportion of unintended pregnant women in the older (≥ 35) age group (18.4%) and those with insufficient income (30.4%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater compared with those who intended to become pregnant (2.8% and 22.6%). Women with unintended pregnancies had a significantly higher incidence of multi-gravida and parity ≥4 than women with intended pregnancies. The majority of pregnant women without intent (73%) were using contraceptives, 58% of whom gave birth naturally. Our region needs more studies on unintended pregnancies, delving into more accurate details, and spreading reproductive health awareness among women, especially concerning contraceptives.

Sedation is one of the most important criteria for eliciting the cooperation of young patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the sedative effect of oral administration of ketamine and midazolam in children admitted to an emergency department in Zahedan. In this double-blind clinical trial, children were placed in grades one and two according to the ASA status classification system. Then, they were randomized into two groups of 50 individuals each. One group received 0.5mg/kg midazolam and the other received 5 mg/kg ketamine. The medication was administered orally in both groups. The scores of children’s sedation and separation from their parents were recorded, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi-square test and independent t-test. The mean heart rate of patients before the intervention in the two groups had a slight difference, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.159). But after the intervention, this mean was significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.018). The mean scores of sedations and separation from the parent were not significantly different at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after medication in the two groups before and after the intervention. The mean length of hospitalization after sedation in the two groups differed significantly (p = 0.007) in the ketamine group (28.62 minutes) and the midazolam group (34.04 minutes). In the ketamine group, the mean heart rate decreased less after the intervention and the length of hospital stay was shorter compared with the midazolam group. Also, the percentage of children who showed earlier onset of sedation (20 minutes after taking the drug) was higher [in the ketamine group]. Therefore, ketamine seems more desirable for treatment and radiographic procedures in the emergency department.

Antibiotics are chemicals that kill or stop the growth of microscopic organisms or microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. Therefore, antibiotics can be used to treat diseases caused by germs in the body. The objective of the research was to know the description and pattern of antibiotic prescription at Dr. Moewardi Municipality Hospital Dental Ward, Surakarta. This study was based on the observational description with a cross-sectional study design. The samples taken for observation were 321 patients with medical records from September-December 2018. We applied secondary retrospective data and Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) from World Health Organization (WHO) Constanta. The data was then rated for its accuracy by tracing using Algorithm Gyssens. The results showed 71.96% of the patients received treatment and drug prescriptions, of which 36.45% were antibiotics. Amoxicillin was the most widely used antibiotic, followed by Clindamycin and Cefixime. The DDD/ATC ratio was 1.639982. The results from observation and identification with Gyssens category revealed that the categories 0, IIA, IIIB, IIIA, IVB, and V accounted for 75.35%, 2.82%, 8.45%, 7.75%, 4.93%, and 0.7%, respectively, of the consumed antibiotics. Accordingly, there is a rational prescription at Dr. Moewardi Municipality Hospital Dental Ward, Surakarta, but it still needs improvement.

The Corona-19 virus disease (Covid-19) continues to cause an increasing number of deaths, mainly due to acute respiratory disorders. The high pandemic mortality and morbidity prompted clinicians to seek suitable adjunctive therapeutic methods to eliminate high cytokine levels effectively. This study aimed to review the combined plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) technology and its potential efficacy in treating critically ill Covid-19. CPFA combines plasma separation, adsorption, and hemofiltration techniques that meet the need to remove substances such as cytokines. Findings from the report suggest an immune dysregulation known as cytokine storm syndrome plays a role in severe and critically ill Covid-19 patients. Extracorporeal blood purification targets cytokine elimination and is preferred as a bridging strategy to improve survival. Combined adsorption plasma filtration (CPFA) can remove various substances, including cytokines, without depleting physiologically essential proteins. CPFA can be considered and assessed in clinical trials to treat critically ill Covid-19 patients. Paired Plasma Filtration Adsorption (PPFA) can be viewed as a potentially effective therapy in treating Covid-19 patients in critical condition.

This study is a conceptual review. Various protocols have been proposed for non-communicable diseases worldwide. The importance of this large group of diseases has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to plan effectively to set targets to reduce mortality from these diseases by one-third by 2030 in the Sustainable Development Plan. In asthma, corticosteroids are still recognized as the most potent anti-asthma drugs, and there is still no drug with the same effect, and biological agents (drugs such as amalizumab) significantly improve the management of severe asthma. Regarding diabetes, the recommendations of the WHO were reviewed, and the first recommendation is that if metformin, which is recommended as the first oral antidiabetic drug in all guidelines, cannot control hyperglycemia, sulfonylurea should be prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes. Non-communicable diseases in Iran cause 45% of the disease burden in men and 33% of the disease burden in women, of the total causes of the disease burden in both sexes (6-10). Obesity and overweight, arterial hypertension, inadequate physical activity and addiction are 86% of the risk factors for diseases and 11% of all diseases. These risk factors have caused 6.1 million years of adapted life expectancy in Iran.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis study revealed that CT imaging features with high sensitivity can help diagnose patients with Covid-19 to be able to choose an appropriate treatment. In general, it seems that from a perspective, strategies and strategies to deal with the new corona virus worldwide, in four areas including strategies to combat social stigma caused by coronation, psychological such as strategies to combat fear and panic due to coronary heart disease, physical economic and in countries with religious places and behaviors and rituals, in the field of spiritual health can be examined. The aim of current study was to evaluate the radiological findings of patients with COVID-19. 534 studies were reviewed, of which the full text of 94 studies was reviewed and finally seven studies were selected for meta-analysis. Sensitivity and Specificity of ground glass opacity with other features in CT findings in diagnosis of COVID-19 was (ES, 0.92 95% CI 0.87, 0.96. P=0.00) and (ES, 0.67 95% CI 0.63, 0.72. P=0.00), Respectively. From another perspective, coping strategies with the new coronavirus can be considered in two categories: public coping strategies and public or private coping strategies. From the third point of view, coping strategies with Covid-19 can be divided into pre- and post-corona strategies. It seems that future review studies on issues such as: Critical evaluation of other new coronavirus coping strategies from different perspectives and based on the above divisions will pave the way for policymakers, officials and non-governmental organizations in the field of Covid-19 struggle.

The aim of current study was to evaluate the outcome of some laboratory tests and accuracy of diagnostic tests for patients with COVID-19. The QUADAS-2 tool was utilized to quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. For data extraction, two reviewers blind and independently extracted data from abstract and full text of studies that included. 95% confidence interval for effect size with fixed effect model and Inver-variance method were calculated. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata/MP v.16 software. 469 studies were reviewed, of which the full text of 52 studies was reviewed and finally twenty-two studies were selected for meta-analysis.  Mean differences of Alanine transaminase was 3.40 U/L (MD, 95% CI -2.45, 9.25), correlation between Alanine transaminase and severe COVID-19 was not significantly. Stool, feces, rectal swabs 25% (ES, 95% CI 0.32, 0.82), Urine 1% (ES, 95% CI 0.05, 0.58), overall sensitivity of PCR for detection of COVID-19 was 44% (ES, 95% CI 0.19, 0.68), less sensitive observerd when PCR detection of COVID-19.  Evidence revealed that at the time of admission of patients with COVID-19, a specific laboratory model can be used to perform relevant tests and make decisions about patients. PCR using sputum samples was highly sensitive for detecting COVID-19 and after that computed tomography of the chest was identified with high sensitivity.

This research study discusses the silico design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel effective phenyl, indole, 3,4-dimethyl substituted 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole derivatives. The novel multi- substituted indazole derivatives (5A-5J) was synthesized from the treatment of hydrazine hydrates in MeOH/H+ with multi substituted clohexanone derivatives (4a-4j). The final scaffold was characterized with the help of spectroscopic data such asIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The compound 5A, 5D, and 5F shows excellent antibacterial activity and the compounds 5B, 5C, 5H 5I and 5J exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against the S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E.Coli.  Finally, the molecular docking studies showes that the  compound 5D and 5F scaffolds display excellent bonding mode of interactions with the active site of DNA gyrase 1KZN enzyme.

The combination of job content, work structure, technology, and environmental circumstances, and the employees' own abilities, resources, and requirements can create psychosocial hazards. All of these factors can influence work-related stress. There are several ways to treat this type of stress, one of which is pharmacological treatments. Stress medications reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as fear, anxiety, and panic attacks, by acting on the brain and body. Anti-stress medications are not a definitive treatment for anxiety and stress disorders, but they can help reduce symptoms. Furthermore, new sociocultural and medical information has increased awareness of the importance of the workplace as a social predictor of health. Compared with women, men have a significantly lower level of assessment of their own health status, and women have a significantly lower indicator of physical functioning and vital activity than men of working age. There was a significant difference in the quality of life of the working-age population, depending on age and gender, in the groups of 21-27 years, 28-35 years, and 36-40 years. Among men of working-age with higher education, their own assessment of the state of health was significantly lower than that of men with specialized secondary education, and life activity was reduced, the presence of depressive, anxious experiences, and mental distress was characteristic, social contacts were limited, the level of communication was reduced, and the emotional state interfered with the performance of work or other daily activities. In the group of men with higher education, compared with women with higher education, the number of points on the SF-36 questionnaire scale, which reflects the psychological component as a whole, was significantly lower. A comparison of the parameters that characterize the quality of life, depending on the work place, revealed significant differences in the group of able-bodied women working in industrial enterprises and those of the service sector.

Unfortunately, many medical staff in hospitals and referral centers became ill, and some died due to frequent encounters with patients and severe cases of the disease. In the meantime, the issue of the spread of nosocomial infections should never be overlooked, and it should be thought that all attention should be focused on coronavirus, as the interaction between the virus and other strains of nosocomial infections is completely unknown. These measures are especially important in intensive care units for the care of Covid-19 patients, because the spread of this infection in these wards is strongly and exponentially associated with high mortality due to the disease. The outbreak of Covid-19 disease affected almost every country in the world, leading to more than 44 million cases and 1. 2 million deaths by the end of October 2020. Another important point is the application of special and intensive protocols in the referral centers of patients in such a way as not only to prevent the spread of infection from disease to another patient but also to minimize the chances of infection of care and treatment personnel.

The house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) is one of the unique lizards, which is characterized by being nocturnal activity and has great ability to climb. It is widely found in human homes and feeds on insects, spiders and worms. Like the rest of the vertebrate animals, it is exposed to many pathogens, including parasites. The aim of the study is to identify the prevalence of parasites in house gecko (Hemidactylus Frenatus) in Al-hilla city, Babylon province.  A total of 200 geckos were seized from the walls of several houses in separate neighborhoods of Babel governorate, Iraq, using the sticky paper method, after which they were kept in plastic boxes until they were transferred to the laboratory to perform the necessary tests to detect external and internal parasites. The results of the current study showed that 45% (90) of geckos were infected with external parasites. The injury included three undiagnosed species that belonged to genera Ixodes, Angasid and Trombicula, with rates of infection of 27.5%, 13.5% and 4%, respectively. The incidence of external parasites in males (50 %) was greater than that of females (38.8%). The incidence of internal parasites was 52.5% (105) in gecko. The internal parasites included parasites of nematodes and tapeworms and are as follows with infection rates: Parapharyngodon malplestomi (17.5%), Hedyris hanleyae (18.5%), and Onchonistica javaensis (16.5%). As is the case with external parasites, the infection rates for internal parasites in male geckos (54.5 %) are greater than those of females (50.0 %). Through the present study it appeared that gecko is one of the most important vital pathways in transporting parasites from gecko to humans, which may appear too many people as a friendly and harmless animal, but we have proven otherwise.

The main aim of this study was to find out some new findings about Sinus Approach for Cushing's Disease in Iranian Hospitals with t-test in this way. Although pituitary adenoma (PA) is one of the three most common brain tumors besides glioma and meningioma. Its prevalence is even higher in autopsy series and screening radiologic studies in the normal population. PAs can be either functional (tumor secreting) or nonfunctional. Proportion of different kinds of PAs is reported differently in studies. Up to half of all PAs may be nonfunctional (including FSH/LH secreting tumors). In this research study, we have assessed 84 patients with Cushing disease, retrospectively. The mean age was 49.4 years. There were 49 female 35 male patients. They are classified as usual cases of macroadenomas and microadenomas and a third group of intricate Cushing’s disease (ICD). ICD comprises reoperation cases, MRI- negative patients, and cases with multiple microadenomas.  All patients have undergone trans-sphenoid endoscopic surgery. ICD patients are operated either by conventional transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery or by TPTICS modification.  Demographic information and postsurgical outcome are compared among these groups. An informed consent was filled and signed by all patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. P values lower than 0.05 are considered to be significant. Chi Square and student t tests were used to compare nominal and continuous variables, respectively, between study groups.